Table Of Content
APOLLOS OLD TESTAMENT
C O M M E N T A RY
25
H A G G A I ,
Z E C H A R I A H
& M A L A C H I
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 1 28/01/2015 09:49:04
TITLES IN THIS SERIES:
LEVITICUS, Nobuyoshi Kiuchi
DEUTERONOMY, J. G. McConville
JOSHUA, Pekka M. A. Pitkänen
1 & 2 SAMUEL, David G. Firth
1 & 2 KINGS, Lissa M. Wray Beal
ECCLESIASTES & THE SONG OF SONGS,
Daniel C. Fredericks & Daniel J. Estes
DANIEL, Ernest C. Lucas
HAGGAI, ZECHARIAH & MALACHI,
Anthony R. Petterson
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 2 28/01/2015 09:49:04
A O T
POLLOS LD ESTAMENT
C O M M E N T A R Y
25
HAGGAI ,
ZECH ARIAH
& M AL ACH I
Series Editors
David W. Baker and Gordon J. Wenham
ANTHONY R. PETTERSON
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 3 2/23/15 2:10 PM
InterVarsity Press, USA
P.O. Box 1400
Downers Grove, IL 60515-1426, USA
World Wide Web: www.ivpress.com
Email: [email protected]
©2015 by Anthony R. Petterson
Anthony R. Petterson has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this
work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from InterVarsity Press.
InterVarsity Press®, USA, is the book-publishing division of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA® and a member movement
of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. Website: intervarsity.org.
Quotations of Haggai/Zechariah/Malachi are the author’s own translation.
Unless stated otherwise, Scripture quotations are from THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®,
NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
Scripture quotations marked esv are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division
of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations marked nasb are from the New American Standard Bible®.Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968,
1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation.
Scripture quotations marked nrsv are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, Anglicized edition, copyright © 1989,
1995 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission.
All rights reserved.
First published 2015
ISBN 978-0-8308-9848-0 (digital)
ISBN 978-0-8308-2524-0 (print)
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 4 3/2/15 11:30 AM
To my twins:
Luke & Emma,
Sophie & Hugh
InterVarsity Press, USA APOLLOS (an imprint of Inter-Varsity Press, England)
P.O. Box 1400 Norton Street
Downers Grove, IL 60515-1426, USA Nottingham NG7 3HR, England
www.ivpress.com www.ivpbooks.com
[email protected] [email protected]
©2015 by Anthony R. Petterson
Anthony R. Petterson has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from InterVarsity Press.
InterVarsity Press®, USA, is the book-publishing division of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA® and a member movement of the
International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. Website: intervarsity.org.
Inter-Varsity Press, England, is closely linked with the Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship, a student movement connecting
Christian Unions throughout Great Britain, and a member movement of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. Website:
uccf.org.uk.
Quotations of Haggai/Zechariah/Malachi are the author’s own translation.
Unless stated otherwise, Scripture quotations are from THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV®.
Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
Scripture quotations marked esv are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good
News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations marked nasb are from the New American Standard Bible®.Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971,
1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation.
Scripture quotations marked nrsv are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, Anglicized edition, copyright © 1989, 1995
by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. All rights
reserved.
First published 2015
USA ISBN 978-0-8308-2524-0
UK ISBN 978-1-78359-211-1
Set in Sabon 10/12pt
Typeset in Great Britain by CRB Associates, Potterhanworth, Lincolnshire
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Jellyfish Print Solutions
As a member of the Green Press Initiative, InterVarsity Press is committed to protecting the environment and to the
responsible use of natural resources. To learn more, visit greenpressinitiative.org.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
P 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Y 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 5 28/01/2015 09:49:05
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 6 28/01/2015 09:49:05
CONTENTS
Editors’ preface 11
Author’s preface 13
Abbreviations 15
General introduction 21
1. The ‘post-exilic prophets’ 21
2. Historical context 22
2.1. Cyrus and the rise of the Persian Empire 22
2.2. Return from exile 23
2.3. From Cyrus to Darius 24
2.4. The political situation in post-exilic Yehud 25
3. Canonical context 27
3.1. The Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament 27
3.2. The ‘Book of the Twelve’ 28
3.3. The books of Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi
in the Book of the Twelve 29
4. Biblical-theological context 32
4.1. Defining ‘biblical theology’ 32
4.2. The books of Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi
in biblical-theological context 34
5. Methodological approaches to the prophets 36
5.1. Historical-critical approaches 36
5.2. Literary and canonical approaches 37
5.3. A confessional critical approach 39
HAGGAI
Introduction 43
1. Setting 43
2. Author and date 44
3. Genre and structure 45
4. Outline 46
5. Text 46
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 7 28/01/2015 09:49:05
6. Key themes 47
6.1. Covenant 47
6.2. Temple 47
6.3. Future hope 48
Text and commentary 51
ZECHARIAH
Introduction 91
1. Setting 91
2. Author and date 92
3. Unity and authorship 92
4. Genre and structure 96
5. Outline 98
6. Text 99
7. Key themes 99
7.1. Yahweh’s return 99
7.2. Yahweh’s sovereignty 100
7.3. Future hope 100
Text and commentary 103
MALACHI
Introduction 305
1. Setting 305
2. Author and date 306
3. Genre and structure 309
4. Outline 310
5. Text 311
6. Key themes 311
6.1. Covenant 311
6.2. Priesthood and leadership 313
6.3. The day of Yahweh 313
Text and commentary 315
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 8 28/01/2015 09:49:05
Bibliography 391
Index of Scripture references 413
Index of authors 439
Index of subjects 444
AOTC_HagZechMal.indd 9 28/01/2015 09:49:05
