Hadron models and related New Energy issues

2007·6.5 MB·

by  F. Smarandache

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InfoLearnQuest, USA g
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November 2007
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ISBN: 978-1-59973-042-4 d
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I
Hadron models
and related New
Energy issues

edited by
F. Smarandache & V. Christianto

InfoLearnQuest Publisher, USA
November 2007
ISBN: 978-1-59973-042-4
This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from:

Books on Demand
ProQuest Information & Learning
(University of Microfilm International)
300 N. Zeeb Road
P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor
MI 48106-1346, USA
Tel.: [phone] (Customer Service)
http://wwwlib.umi.com/bod/basic

Copyright 2007 by InfoLearnQuest and Authors for their papers.

Plenty of books can be downloaded from the following E-Library of Science:
http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm

Peer-reviewers of this book:

1. R.M. Kiehn – Professor Emeritus, University of Houston, Houston.
2. E. G. Bakhoum – Professor of Electronics Engineering, University of
West Florida; formerly Professor in Dept. of Electronic Engineering, New
Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey.
3. C. Castro – Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems, Clark
Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia.

ISBN: 978-1-59973-042-4

Standard Address Number: 297-5092

Printed in the United States of America

ii
Hadron models and related New Energy issues

The present book covers a wide-range of issues from alternative hadron models to their
likely implications in New Energy research, including alternative interpretation of low-
energy reaction (coldfusion) phenomena.

The authors explored some new approaches to describe novel phenomena in particle
physics. M Pitkanen introduces his nuclear string hypothesis derived from his
Topological Geometrodynamics theory, while E. Goldfain discusses a number of
nonlinear dynamics methods, including bifurcation, pattern formation (complex Ginzburg-
Landau equation) to describe elementary particle masses. Fu Yuhua discusses a
plausible method for prediction of phenomena related to New Energy development.

F. Smarandache discusses his unmatter hypothesis, and A. Yefremov et al. discuss
Yang-Mills field from Quaternion Space Geometry. Diego Rapoport discusses theoretical
link between Torsion fields and Hadronic Mechanic.

A.H. Phillips discusses semiconductor nanodevices, while V. and A. Boju discuss Digital
Discrete and Combinatorial methods and their likely implications in New Energy
research.

Pavel Pintr et al. describe planetary orbit distance from modified Schrödinger equation,
and M. Pereira discusses his new Hypergeometrical description of Standard Model of
elementary particles.

The present volume will be suitable for researchers interested in New Energy issues, in
particular their link with alternative hadron models and interpretation.

While some of these discussions may be found a bit too theoretical, our view is that once
these phenomena can be put into rigorous theoretical framework, thereafter more 'open-
minded' physicists may be more ready to consider these New Energy methods more
seriously. Our basic proposition in the present book is that considering these new
theoretical insights, one can expect there are new methods to generate New Energy
technologies which are clearly within reach of human knowledge in the coming years.

November 8th, 2007
FS & VC

iii
Preface
TheworkoftheepistemologistT.Kuhnpointedoutthatscienceisaso-
cial construction, which integrates into the whole social fabric, interacting
and integrating with it in the construction of a whole world view. Thus, it
ispartofaculturalsystemsuchasistheeconomy,politics,thearts,thele-
galsystems,religions,etc. Thevalidationofthissystemweknowasscience
runs from the effectiveness of producing sustainability of its own existence:
Cultural systems are autopoietic, they are self-producing. From time to
time,thisvalidationiscalledintoquestion. Experiencesmaysurprisesome
of the producers of this system; also, examination of the purported true
world view can be pursued theoretically, and inconsistencies may appear
which will lead to new theories. This will lead in some instances to the
realization of new experiments which will be the framework for the vali-
dation or invalidation of this ideas. Whatever may be the contents of this
cognitive system which we know as science (in fact it only exists as an
ideal, we only know of the existence of the sciences, with no integration of
them), one of the first clues to its validation stands in the fact that these
self-producing systems, by consistence, should be able to persist in time:
Humankindwhichproducethesecognitivesystems,shouldexisttoproduce
them and be produced by them. This is starting to be perceived as barely
possible. Cataclysmic climate changes are taking a serious toll of lifes and
the validity of our world view is brought into question. The destruction of
the world in which we live appears to be the cause of these changes.
In one side we have constructed cognitive systems which function in
the only way they can, through languages, and in the other hand we are
not far from our ancestors burning perishable material which has not been
processedwithanydeeplinguisticprocess,withthenotableexceptionofthe
use of fission processes with their possible environmental impact that has
notbeensolvedyet. Someoftheideasbeingproposedistheuseofbiofuels,
whichitselfisnotsustainablewithdueintegrationofHumankind,andthen
by the validation criteria of a cultural system to be a life supporting view,
it should be strategically discarded. Other ideas go back to the Tomahawk
project of fusion, which started decades ago, and has produced no results
till today.
None of these approaches take in account that the present frontier of
knowledgeofthescienceofphysicsisspaceandtime. Ofcourse,anyphysics
student has heard about zero-point energies and the apparent existence of
processes which do not conform to the present cognitive system. Govern-
mental and private laboratories around the globe are carrying research in
these processes.
This book is a small step in examining space and time structures, and
iv
2
theclaimsthattheymayappeartobethesourceforthenewself-producing
energieswemightbesearchingfor. Thetheoriesweshallbepresentinghave
evolvedinthelasttwoorthreedecades. Someofthemhavereachedalready
the stage of industrial implementations. Others are original and in their
initial stages of development.
Returning to our introductory words, no cognitive system stands as an
eternalsourceoflifeandweintendbythesecontributionstoinviteothersto
examinetheworldintheirownviewsandtoparticipateintheconstruction
of the ideas presented in this volume.
D.R.
v
Contents

Peer-reviewers ii
Abstract iii
Preface by D. Rapoport iv
Contents vi
Foreword viii
Prologue: Socio-economic impact of New Energy technologies xi
Contributors to this volume xiv
Short biography of Contributors xv

Free energy and Topological Geometrodynamics

1. Nuclear string hypothesis – M. Pitkanen 1
2. The notion of free-energy and many-sheeted Space-Time concept – M.
Pitkanen 44
3. Prediction and calculation of New Energy development – Fu Yuhua 111
4. Some unsolved problems in the physics of elementary particle –
V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PiP, vol. 3 no. 4, 2007) 127
5. About some unsolved problems in physics – M. Pitkanen 132

Beyond Standard Model, Unmatter and Yang-Mills Field

6. Bifurcations and pattern formation in particle physics: an introductory study – E.
Goldfain (submitted to APS conference, 2008) 151
7. Dynamics of Neutrino oscillations and the Cosmological constant problem –
E. Goldfain 168
8. Fractional dynamics and the Standard Model of Elementary particles – E.
Goldfain (Comm. In Nonlin. Science and Numerical. Simulation, 2007) 176
9. A new possible form of Matter, Unmatter – formed by particles and anti-
particles – F. Smarandache (PiP, vol. 1, 2005, www.ptep-online.com) 184
10. Verifying Unmatter by experiments, more types of Unmatter and a Quantum
Chromodynamics formula – F. Smarandache (Progress in Physics, vol. 2,
2006, www.ptep-online.com) 189
11. Unmatter entities inside nuclei, predicted by the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster
Model – F. Smarandache & Dmitri Rabounski (Progress in Physics, vol. 2,
www.ptep-online.com) 198
12. Yang-Mills field from Quaternion space geometry, and its Klein-Gordon
representation – A. Yefremov, F. Smarandache, V. Christianto (Progress in
Physics, vol. 3 no. 3, 2007, www.ptep-online.com) 208
13. Numerical solution of radial biquaternion Klein-Gordon equation –
V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (Progress in Physics, vol. 4 no. 1, Jan.
2008, www.ptep-online.com) 220
14. A new derivation of biquaternion Schrödinger equation and plausible
implications – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (Progress in Physics,
vol. 3 no. 4, 2007, www.ptep-online.com) 223
vi
15. An exact mapping from Navier-Stokes equation to Schrödinger equation via
Riccati equation – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (Progress in Physics,
vol. 4 no. 1, Jan. 2008, www.ptep-online.com) 229
16. A note on possible translation of Schrodinger’s uncertainty theorem into
modern uncertainty notations – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache 233
Torsion field, Astrophysics quantization, Mesoscopic physics, and
Hypergeometrical universe

17. Torsion fields, Brownian motions, Quantum and Hadronic mechanics – D.
Rapoport 236
18. Distribution of distances in solar system – V. Perinova, A. Luks, and Pavel
Pintr (CSF, 2007) 293
19. Nanotechnology and semiconductor nanodevices – A.H. Phillips 308
20. Digital, Discrete and Combinatorial Methods in an Euclidean or Riemannian
context – V. Boju and A. Boju 332
21. The Hypergeometrical Standard Model – M. Pereira 382
22. Interpretation of solution of radial biquaternion Klein-Gordon equation, and
comparison with EQPET/TSC model – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache 436
23. A note on computer solution of wireless energy transmitted using magnetic
resonance – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (Progress in Physics, vol. 4
no. 1, Jan. 2008, www.ptep-online.com) 439
Index 443
vii
Foreword

"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic," says
Arthur Clarke. While his idiom may be true for most of advanced technologies
surrounding our modern society, the notion of 'new energy' as described herein
may have been around in the air for years, with scattering results, from just
another obscure promise to really impressive results.

Yet in this book some authors have been invited to write on particular aspects of
New Energy issues, especially those which may be related to (alternative)
hadron models. In the light of the fact that most of 'New Energy' assessment
belongs to two categories: either eulogizing the new method(s), or denouncing-
style by 'conventional mainstream’ physicists, in this book the authors offer some
new theoretical insights, which may be found useful in order to understand these
phenomena related to New Energy methods.

In the first chapter, M. Pitkanen discusses how coldfusion experiments
(http://www.lenr-canr.org ) can be explained using 'nuclear string hypothesis'
based on his TGD theory (#1). Interestingly, a recent report explains that there
are chemical reactions which remain rapid down to temperatures as low as a few
kelvin.1 In other chapter, he also discusses some critical issues of Free Energy
technologies found in the literature (#2), in particular from the viewpoint of his
Topological Geometrodynamics model (TGD). It seems to be the first attempt of
its kind to put these technologies under rigorous framework. He also discusses a
number of open problems in theoretical physics, in particular from the viewpoint
of TGD theory (#5).

Fu Yuhua describes a plausible method to predict some phenomena which may
affect New Energy development (#3).

Thereafter, E. Goldfain discusses a number of open problems in the present
Standard Model of elementary particles, in particular from the viewpoint of
nonlinear dynamics theory (bifurcation, pattern formation, complex Ginzburg-
Landau etc.), which may open a new path to find ‘untapped energy’ hidden in the
formation of elementary particles (#6, #7, #8). It seems more interesting to note
that Goldfain’s methods reveal hidden link between micro-systems and large
scale systems. Although some physicists prefer to call this ‘plausible’ link as
‘scale invariant principle’ or ‘scale relativistic principle’, one can remember that
the same principle has been known in the past century as ‘Mach principle’ (i.e.
the seemingly hidden connection between our Earth and galaxy rotation,
especially in Newtonian rotating bucket experiment).2 Alternatively, one can
describe this ‘hidden link’ between micro-systems and macrosystems as ‘scale-
entanglement’, as an equivalent term to ‘quantum entanglement’.

viii
In subsequent chapter, Perinova, Luks, and Pintr also describe how modified
Schrödinger equation can describe planetary orbit distances around the Sun
(#18), which seems to suggest that the same equation that was normally used to
describe quantum phenomena at microscale can also be used to describe orbits
at astrophysics scale. All of these aforementioned new methods may seem to
reflect a Japanese koan:3

A thousand
kaleidoscopic world

inside
a light snow

the inside
is also

a light snow

(Ryokan)

F. Smarandache offers his new term 'unmatter' which may be useful in describing
some unexplained phenomena, in particular with regards to Brightsen’s closed-
packed cluster model of nuclei (#9, #10, #11). This model which seems quite
similar to the close-packed spheron model by Linus Pauling in 60s, may offer a
new thinking on nuclei structure.

A. Yefremov, F. Smarandache, and V Christianto discuss a new insight that
Yang-Mills field can be viewed as pure geometrical aspect of quaternion space
geometry, and its link to Klein-Gordon equation, in particular using biquaternion
differential operator (#12, #13). They extend further to describe biquaternion
Schrödinger equation (#14). Some unsolved problems in the elementary particle
physics are also discussed (#4).

In the meantime, Diego Rapoport extends his geometro-stochastic theory of
quantum mechanics and gravitation to the strong interactions, by including in his
framework the theory of Hadronic Mechanics (#17). In this setting, it is derived as
a group-theoretical modification of torsion, and the isotopic Santilli-Schrödinger
equation is treated as torsion geometry with an associated diffusion process.
Alike to Quantum Mechanics in which the Schrödinger wave function produces
torsion, in Hadronic Mechanics the wave function of the composite also produces
a torsion field. This sets in a general framework, ad-hoc models of fusion treated
as diffusions in the already standard approach to the problem. As well, the
association of torsion with kinetic theory and rotations is elaborated. The isotopic
theory of the strong interactions due to Santilli has developed to include an
ix