Gynecologic Imaging

689 Pages·2011·44.74 MB·English

by  Julia R. Fielding

Gynecologic Imaging
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Gynecologic Imaging
Julia R. Fielding, MD
Professor of Radiology
Division Chief of Abdominal Imaging
Department of Radiology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Douglas L. Brown, MD
Professor of Radiology
Department of Radiology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota
Amy S. Thurmond, MD
Director
Medical Women’s Imaging Department
Siker Medical Imaging and Intervention of Portland
Portland, Oregon
1600 John F. Kennedy Boulevard
Suite 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
GYNECOLOGIC IMAGING ISBN: 978-1-4377-1575-0
Copyright © 2011 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gynecologic imaging / [edited by] Julia Fielding, Douglas Brown, Amy Thurmond.
p. ; cm. – (Expert radiology series)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-4377-1575-0 (hardcover)
1. Generative organs, Female--Imaging. 2. Generative organs, Female–Diseases–Diagnosis. 3. Pregnancy–
Complications–Diagnosis. I. Fielding, Julia R. II. Brown, Douglas (Douglas L.) III. Thurmond, Amy S. IV.
Series: Expert radiology series.
[DNLM: 1. Genitalia, Female–radiography. 2. Diagnostic Imaging–methods. 3. Genital Diseases,
Female–diagnosis. 4. Pregnancy Complications–radiography. WP 141]
RG107.5.I4G96 2011
618.1’075–dc22 2011005048
Acquisitions Editor: Pamela Hetherington
Developmental Editor: Kristina Oberle
Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter
Project Managers: Beth Hayes and Jessica L. Becher
Design Direction: Steven Stave
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Lejla Aganovic, MD Douglas L. Brown, MD
Assistant Professor Professor of Radiology
Department of Radiology Department of Radiology
University of California Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
San Diego, California Rochester, Minnesota
Computed Tomography: Normal Anatomy, Imaging Pelvic Pain: Lower Urinary Tract—Urethral
Techniques, and Pitfalls Diverticulum, Cysts, and Varix
Uterine Leiomyomas
Paula Amato, MD Approach to Imaging the Adnexal Mass
Associate Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lauren M. Brubaker, MD
Oregon Health and Science University Resident Physician
Portland, Oregon Department of Radiology
Infertility, Evaluation, and Treatment University of North Carolina Hospitals
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rochelle F. Andreotti, MD Chapel Hill, North Caroliina
Professor of Clinical Radiology and Radiology Sciences Hysterosalpingography: Techniques, Normal Anatomy,
Department of Radiology and Pitfalls
Associate Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lara Lyn Bryan-Rest, MD
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Nashville, Tennessee Yale–New Haven Hospital
Approach to Pelvic Pain and the Role of Imaging New Haven, Connecticut
Ectopic Pregnancy
Mostafa Atri, MD, Dipl Epid
Head Richard L. Clark, MD
Section of Ultrasound Emeritus Professor of Radiology
Joint Department of Medical Imaging Department of Radiology
Head University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Division of the Abdomen Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Medical Imaging Department Hysterosalpingography: Techniques, Normal Anatomy,
Toronto University and Pitfalls
Professor of Radiology
University of Toronto Harris L. Cohen, MD
Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chair and Professor of Radiology, Pediatrics,
Malignant Ovarian Masses and Obstetrics and Gynecology
Department of Radiology
Deborah A. Baumgarten, MD, MPH University of Tennessee
Associate Professor Medical Director
Department of Radiology
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
Benign Endometrial Causes of Abnormal Bleeding
v
vi Contributors
Department of Radiology Sara Durfee, MD
LeBonheur Children’s Medical Center Assistant Professor
Memphis, Tennessee Department of Radiology
Emeritus Professor of Radiology Harvard Medical School
Stony Brook School of Medicine Associate Radiologist
Stony Brook, New York Department of Radiology
Gynecologic Imaging of the Pediatric Patient Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Carlos Cuevas, MD Retained Products of Conception
Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology Steven C. Eberhardt, MD
University of Washington Associate Professor
Director Department of Radiology
Gastronterology Radiology University of New Mexico
Department of Radiology Albuquerque, New Mexico
University of Washington Medical Center Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer
Seattle, Washington
Chronic Pelvic Pain Fiona M. Fennessy, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Roberta diFlorio-Alexander, MD Department of Radiology
Assistant Professor Harvard Medical School
Radiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology Assistant Professor of Radiology
Dartmouth Medical School Department of Radiology
Hanover, New Hampshire Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Postpartum Complications Boston, Massachusetts
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Ultrasound Surgery
Manjiri Dighe, MD of Uterine Leiomyomas
Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology Julia R. Fielding, MD
University of Washington Medical Center Professor of Radiology
Seattle, Washington Division Chief of Abdominal Imaging
Acute Pelvic Pain Department of Radiology
Chronic Pelvic Pain University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Vikram Dogra, MD Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Female Pelvis:
Professor of Radiology Technique, Anatomy, and Pitfalls
Urology and BME Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Department of Imaging Science
University of Rochester Medical Center Maureen S. Filipek, MD
Rochester, New York Radiologist
The Normal Pelvis on Ultrasound Imaging Women’s Imaging
and Anatomic Correlations EPIC Imaging West
Beaverton, Oregon
Peter M. Doubilet, MD, PhD Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Professor of Radiology Uterine Cancers
Harvard Medical School
Senior Vice Chair of Radiology Jurgen J. Fütterer, MD, PhD
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Radiologist
Boston, Massachusetts Department of Radiology
Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Theodore Dubinsky, MD, FSRU Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Larry Mack Professor of Radiology, Obstetrics,
Gynecology, and Reproductive Health Sciences Margaret L. Gallegos, BS, MD
Director of Body Imaging Resident
Department of Radiology Department of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine University of New Mexico
Seattle, Washington Albuquerque, New Mexico
Chronic Pelvic Pain Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer
Contributors vii
Nancy Hammond, MD Golbahar Houshmand, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology Research fellow
Department of Radiology Department of Radiology
Feinberg School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Northwestern University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chicago, Illinois Müllerian Uterine Anomalies
Uterine Artery Embolization
Lynne M. Hurwitz, MD
Robert D. Harris, MD, MPH Associate Professor
Co-Director of Ultrasound (Education and Research) Department of Radiology
Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center
Dartmouth Medical School Durham, North Carolina
Lebanon, New Hampshire Dose Reduction Techniques in Multidetector Computed
Professor of Radiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology Tomography Body Imaging
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Hannover, New Hampshire Tracy A. Jaffe, MD
Postpartum Complications Associate Professor of Radiology
Department of Radiology
David S. Hartman, MD Duke University Medical Center
Professor of Radiology Durham, North Carolina
Department of Radiology Dose Reduction Techniques in Multidetector Computed
The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Tomography Body Imaging
Professor of Radiology
Department of Radiology Keith C. Kaplan, MD, MS
Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Resident Physician
Hershey, Pennsylvania Department of Radiology
The Imaging of Contraception The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine
Resident Physician
Sara M. Harvey, MD Department of Radiology
Instructor Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Hershey, Pennsylvania
Vanderbilt University The Imaging of Contraception
Nashville, Tennessee
Approach to Pelvic Pain and the Role of Imaging Akira Kawashima, MD, PhD
Professor
Tara Henrichsen, MD Department of Radiology
Instructor Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Department of Diagnostic Radiology Consultant
Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology
Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic
Approach to Imaging the Adnexal Mass Rochester, Minnesota
Pelvic Pain: Lower Urinary Tract—Urethral
Mindy M. Horrow, MD, FACR, FSRU, FAIUM Diverticulum, Cysts, and Varix
Associate Professor of Radiology
Department of Radiology Cheryl L. Kirby, BA, MD
Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine Assistant Professor
Director of Body Imaging Department of Radiology
Department of Radiology Albert Einstein Medical Center
Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pitfalls in Gynecologic Ultrasound
Pitfalls in Gynecologic Ultrasound
Jill E. Langer, MD
Keyanoosh Hosseinzadeh, MD Associate Professor
Assistant Professor Department of Radiology
Department of Diagnostic Imaging University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Section Chief Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Benign Ovarian Masses
Department of Diagnostic Imaging
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Müllerian Uterine Anomalies
viii Contributors
Yan Mee Law, MBBS, FRCR Sean E. McSweeney, FFRCSI, MB, BCh, BAO
Department of Diagnostic Radiology Joint Department of Medical Imaging
Singapore General Hospital University of Toronto
Singapore Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Malignant Ovarian Masses
Cervical Cancer
Rashmi T. Nair
Ellie R. Lee, MD Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Assistant Professor Cleveland, Ohio
Department of Radiology Use of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Univeristy of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Gynecologic Cancers
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Tubal Abnormalities Paul Nikolaidis, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology
Susanna I. Lee, MD, PhD Feinberg School of Medicine
Assistant Professor Northwestern University
Department of Radiology Chicago, Illinois
Harvard Medical School Uterine Artery Embolization
Chief of Women’s Imaging
Department of Radiology Ifeyinwa Y. Onyiuke, MB, BS
Massachusetts General Hospital Clinical Professor
Boston, Massachusetts Yale University School of Medicine
Drainage and Biopsy Procedures Attending Radiologist
Veterans Administration Connecticut Health Care System
Thomas Lemond, BA, MD New Haven, Connecticut
Radiology Resident Endometriosis
Postgraduate Year 2
University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Tulin Ozcan, MD
Memphis, Tennessee Associate Professor
Gynecologic Imaging of the Pediatric Patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Rochester
Andrew J. LeRoy, MD Rochester, New York
Consultant The Normal Pelvis on Ultrasound Imaging
Department of Radiology and Anatomic Correlations
Mayo Clinic
Professor of Radiology Raj Mohan Paspulati, MD
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Assistant Professor
Rochester, Minnesota Department of Radiology
Pelvic Pain: Lower Urinary Tract—Urethral Case Western Reserve University
Diverticulum, Cysts, and Varix University Hospitals
Cleveland, Ohio
Alfred Llave, MD Carcinoma of the Vagina and Vulva
Abdominal Imaging Fellow
Radiology Philip E. Patton, MD
University of North Carolina Professor
Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Female Pelvis: Oregon Health and Science University
Technique, Anatomy, and Pitfalls Portland, Oregon
Infertility, Evaluation, and Treatment
Shirley M. McCarthy, MD, PhD
Professor Hope E. Peters, MD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Obstetrics Instructor of Radiology
and Gynecology Department of Ultrasound
Yale University Brigham and Women’s Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut Boston, Massachusetts
Endometriosis Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy
Adenomyosis
Contributors ix
Misty Blanchette Porter, MD Clare M. Tempany, MD
Associate Professor Professor
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Radiology
and Radiology Harvard Medical School
Division of Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Department of Radiology
Dartmouth Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Hanover, New Hampshire Boston, Massachusetts
Medical Director Magnetic Resonance–Guided Ultrasound Surgery
In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction of Uterine Leiomyomas
Technology
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ashraf Thabet, MD
and Radiology Instructor in Radiology
Division of Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Department of Radiology
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Harvard Medical School
Lebanon, New Hampshire Assistant Radiologist
The Ovary and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Department of Radiology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Dmitry Rakita, MD Boston, Massachusetts
Chief Drainage and Biopsy Procedures
Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Department of Radiology Amy S. Thurmond, MD
Baystate Medical Center Director
Springfield, Massachusetts Medical Women’s Imaging Department
Assistant Professor Siker Medical Imaging and Intervention of Portland
Tufts University School of Medicine Portland, Oregon
Boston, Massachusetts Vaginal Fistulas
Adenomyosis Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Fallopian Tube Catheterization
Leslie M. Scoutt, MD
Professor of Diagnostic Radiology and Surgery Fauzia Q. Vandermeer, MD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology Assistant Professor
Yale University School of Medicine Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Chief University of Maryland School of Medicine
Ultrasound Service Baltimore, Maryland
Medical Director of the Non-Invasive Vascular Laboratory Ultrasound of the Normal and Failed
Department of Diagnostic Radiology First-Trimester Pregnancy
Yale-New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut Geoffrey E. Wile, BS, MD
Endometriosis Assistant Professor
Ectopic Pregnancy Department of Radiology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Shetal N. Shah, MD Nashville, Tennessee
Assistant Professor Approach to Pelvic Pain and the Role of Imaging
Department of Abdominal Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
Co-Director Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, FRCR
Center for Positron Emission Technology Professor
and Molecular Imaging Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Imaging Institute University of Maryland School of Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Baltimore, Maryland
Cleveland, Ohio Ultrasound of the Normal and Failed
Use of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging First-Trimester Pregnancy
in Gynecologic Cancers