Guns & Roses: Comparative Civil-Military Relations in the Changing Security Environment

443 Pages·2019·4.34 MB·English

by  Steven Ratuva

edited by
Steven Ratuva
Radomir Compel
Sergio Aguilar
Guns

and
Roses
Comparative Civil-Military
Relations in the Changing
Security Environment
Guns & Roses: Comparative Civil-Military
Relations in the Changing Security Environment
Steven Ratuva • Radomir Compel
Sergio Aguilar
Editors
Guns & Roses:
Comparative Civil-
Military Relations in
the Changing Security
Environment
Editors
Steven Ratuva Radomir Compel
Macmillan Brown Center for School of Global Humanities and
Pacific Studies Social Sciences
University of Canterbury Nagasaki University
Christchurch, New Zealand Nagasaki, Japan
Sergio Aguilar
Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências
Sao Paulo State University
Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
The conference on which the book is based and the publication itself were
funded by the New Zealand Marsden Research Grant awarded to Prof Steven
Ratuva for research on security.
ISBN 978-981-13-2007-1 ISBN 978-981-13-2008-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2008-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961005
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019
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C
ontents
1 Guns and Roses: The Nexus Between the Military and
Citizenry in the New Security Environment 1
Steven Ratuva, Radomir Compel, and Sergio Aguilar
2 Multi-faceted Dilemmas: Politics and the Changing
Dynamics of Civil–Military Relations—A Global Synopsis 15
Steven Ratuva
3 Popular Revolt and Military Intransigence in Egypt 39
Paul J. Carnegie
4 Military Coups d’état and the Distribution of Domestic
Institutional Political Power Within Democracies: The
Case of Post-1789 France 53
Miles Kitts
5 Political Culture and Institution-Building Impacting
Civil–Military Relations (CMR) in Bangladesh 75
Mohd Aminul Karim
v
vi CONTENTS
6 The Executive and the Military in South Africa During
the Zuma Presidency 97
Jo-Ansie van Wyk
7 Moving Towards a More Multiethnic Fiji Military Forces 117
Vijay Naidu
8 The Military and Security in the Pacific Islands Past and
Present 137
Stewart Firth
9 Order and Chaos: Military Government and the Middle
Classes in Thailand 153
James Ockey
10 The Dilemma Relating to the Modernisation of the
SANDF and Its External Role: From Defence Review
1989 to Defence Review 2015 179
Theo Neethling
11 The Role of the Military in Chinese Politics 201
Kate Hannan
12 Rethinking the Second Wave: Democratization and Public
Order in Occupied Japan 215
Radomir Compel
13 The Role of the Military and Police in the Regional
Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands 231
Jon Fraenkel
14 European Union Military Operations: The Use of Force
in the Central African Republic, Chad, and the
Democratic Republic of the Congo 257
Sergio Aguilar
CONTENTS vii
15 Soldiers, Rebels, and Overlords 277
Jovanie Camacho Espesor
16 Terminating Terrorism with Negotiations: A Divided
Path Toward Progress 301
Anthony D. Hustedt
17 Can the Military Be Entrusted with the Role of Police? 323
Asha Gupta
18 Guilty by Association: The Issue of Gender Violence and
the Targeted Killing of Men of Fighting Age in Times of
Conflict 343
Marcus Boomen
19 From Guardians of the State to Guardians of Democracy?
Institutional Change and Military Democratization in
Insecure States 365
Cornelia-Adriana Baciu
20 United States Risk Management in the Post- war Iraq:
Encountering Societal Risks 391
Radomir Compel
21 Protego ergo obligo? The Sovereignty Paradox in the
Responsibility to Protect Doctrine 411
Pablo Zambrano
22 Some Concluding Remarks: The Future of Civil–Military
Relations 433
Steven Ratuva, Radomir Compel, and Sergio Aguilar
n C
otes on ontributors
Sergio Aguilar has a PhD in History and is Associate Professor in
International Security at São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil. His
research is financed by the São Paulo Research Foundation, Process
2016/21211-8.
Cornelia-Adriana Baciu is a PhD candidate and IRC Government of
Ireland Fellow at the School of Law and Government, Dublin City
University (DCU). Her current research focuses on EU internal and
external security, and she specializes in defence collaboration regimes,
civil–military relations and EU Global Security Strategy. She studied poli-
tics and European studies in Germany, India and Romania and was DAAD-
Erasmus fellow at the Terrorism Prevention Branch, United Nations. In
2013, she was awarded the prize for the best MA thesis at the University
of Konstanz.
Marcus  Boomen was a former MA student at the University of
Canterbury. He works at the Ministry of Corrections, Government of
New Zealand. His MA thesis was on conflict in Bougainville.
Paul J. Carnegie is an associate professor and Director of Governance at
the School of Governance, Development and International Affairs at the
University of the South Pacific. He has research specializations in com-
parative post-authoritarian politics, human security and localized responses
to militant extremism with a focus on Indonesia, Southeast Asia, MENA
and the Asia Pacific. He has published widely in his fields including
the monograph The Road from Authoritarianism to Democratization in
ix
x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
Indonesia and an edited book on Human Insecurities in Southeast Asia.
Paul has extensive applied research experience and networks having
lived and worked previously in Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Egypt and
the United Arab Emirates.
Radomir  Compel is Associate Professor of Comparative Politics at
Nagasaki University. He is the co-author of Hito to Kaiyo no Kyosei wo
Mezashite VI (2013) and Ashida Hitoshi Nikki 1905–1945 V (2012) and
has written articles on wartime and post-war Okinawa and Japanese–
American relations which have been published in many journals. He
obtained PhD from Yokohama National University, and previously taught
at Hosei University, Yokohama National University, Nihon University and
University of Oulu.
Jovanie Camacho Espesor is a PhD student in Political Science and
resident scholar of the Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies at
the University of Canterbury. He is Assistant Professor of Political
Science and Public Administration at the Mindanao State University,
General Santos City, Philippines, and a research fellow of the Centre for
Middle East and Global Studies at the National Islamic State University-
Jakarta, Indonesia, and International Centre for Aceh and Indian Ocean
Studies at the Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia. His area of
research interest intersects the disciplinary boundaries of political sci-
ence, development studies, anthropology and critical security studies,
and he specializes in the study of civil society, conflict, violent extrem-
ism and conflict transformation focusing on the Philippines and
Indonesia.
Stewart Firth is a visiting fellow in the Department of International
Relations and is affiliated with the Department of Pacific Affairs at the
Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National
University. He is a former professor and head of the Department of
History and Politics at the University of the South Pacific and has pub-
lished widely on Pacific politics, security and history.
Jon  Fraenkel is Professor in Comparative Politics in the School of
History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations at
Victoria University of Wellington. He formerly worked at the Australian
National University (2007–2012) and the University of the South
Pacific in Fiji (1995–2007). He is author of The Manipulation of Custom;
From Uprising to Intervention in the Solomon Islands and co- editor of The
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xi
2006 Military Takeover in Fiji; A Coup to End All coups? He is the Pacific
Islands correspondent for The Economist.
Asha  Gupta A recipient of Shastri Indo-Canadian, Friedrich Ebert
Stiftung, Norwegian fellowships, UGC Career Award in Humanities,
Asha Gupta is a former director and principal at the University of Delhi.
She has served IPSA RC 44 as convener for many years. She has authored
11 books and 77 research papers, which have been published in various
journals.
Kate Hannan has been researching and writing on the topic of contem-
porary Chinese politics since the Deng Xiaoping government introduced
the 1978 programme for economic reform. She has taught courses and
programmes in Chinese politics and society, political theory and
development studies in a number of universities. Recent publications
include Kate Hannan and Stewart Firth, ‘Trading with the Dragon:
Chinese trade, investment and development assistance in the Pacific
Islands’, Journal of Contemporary China, 2015, Vol. 24, No. 95,
865–82 and Kate Hannan, ‘China’s Migrant Workers and the Global
Financial Crisis’ in Vicki Crinis and Adrian Vickers, editors, Labour in the
Clothing Industry in the Asia Pacific, Routledge, 2017, 97–118.
Anthony D. Hustedt is a graduate student of Political Science at Purdue
University, specializing in International Security and Homeland Defense.
Mohd Aminul Karim is professor of School of Business, Independent
University of Bangladesh, Dhaka; visiting professor, China Foreign Affairs
University, Beijing (July–August 2016); Senior Fellow (Non-r esident),
International Institute for Non-Proliferation Studies, USA (Currently
holding); Senior Research Fellow (with the Status of a full Professor–
Grade-C), Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, October 2011 to
date; professor, BRAC Business School, BRAC University, Dhaka. January
2011—September 2011. He was also adjunct professor at the University
of Malaya.
Miles Kitts holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of
Queensland and specializes in strategic studies, international security, great
power politics and terrorism and insurgency. In particular, he is interested
in strategic concepts, history and how they can be used in combination to
conduct analysis. His doctoral thesis focused on how to u nderstand the
relationship between the use of force and the outcomes of such use.