Table Of ContentSimulation Foundations, Methods and Applications
Saurabh Mittal
Umut Durak
Tuncer Ören Editors
Guide to
Simulation-
Based
Disciplines
Advancing Our Computational Future
Simulation Foundations, Methods
and Applications
Series editor
Louis G. Birta, University of Ottawa, Canada
Advisory Board
Roy E. Crosbie, California State University, Chico, USA
Tony Jakeman, Australian National University, Australia
Axel Lehmann, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Stewart Robinson, Loughborough University, UK
Andreas Tolk, Old Dominion University, USA
Bernard P. Zeigler, University of Arizona, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10128
Ö
Saurabh Mittal Umut Durak Tuncer ren
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Editors
Guide to Simulation-Based
Disciplines
Advancing Our Computational Future
123
Editors TuncerÖren
Saurabh Mittal University of Ottawa
MITRECorporation Ottawa, ON
McLean,VA Canada
USA
UmutDurak
German Aerospace Center(DLR)
Braunschweig
Germany
ISSN 2195-2817 ISSN 2195-2825 (electronic)
Simulation Foundations,Methods andApplications
ISBN978-3-319-61263-8 ISBN978-3-319-61264-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-61264-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017943822
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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To the pioneers of simulation,
who used models and computation to
generate new knowledge that opened new
frontiers
To Vandana and Ekaansh and Reyaansh,
My wife and my sons, who create the life I
love, every single moment
To the Almighty,
who guides and inspires in interesting ways
Saurabh Mittal
To Rabia,
My beloved companion in my never-ending
story
Umut Durak
To Füsun,
My wife and lifelong friend
Tuncer Ören
Foreword
Nothing like thisbook ison themarkettoday. Of course, allbooksmake a similar
claimbuttherereallyisnobookthatofferstoguidereaderstowardanchoringtheir
disciplines on modeling and simulation (M&S)—in fact, toward a far-reaching
concept of simulation-based disciplines. Why is such a guide needed? Most dis-
ciplines employ models, some to a larger extent than others. Further, today almost
all disciplines employ computers and very often this includes methods that are
referred to as simulation. However, it is less appreciated, that we are witnessing
the development of M&S as a discipline itself. Indeed, M&S is contributing tothe
enhancementofmanyother disciplinesanditsperspectives andmethods arebeing
absorbed into full-fledged practice. In this light, the editors of this book attest that
“simulation is mature enough to provide a solid basis for advancement in many
disciplines, from life sciences to engineering, from architecture to arts to social
sciences”.Sotheadvance ofyourdiscipline,andindeed, theadvance ofyourown
careerinit,warrantcheckingoutboththegeneralchaptersthatbringyouuptodate
onthecurrentstateofM&Sasadiscipline,aswellasthechaptersthatdiscussthe
benefits that M&S is bringing to a selected array of disciplines.
This one-of-its-kind book is concerned with how computational methods
embodiedinM&Sareusedandhowtheypushforwardscienceandtechnology.As
is befitting of a book that spans disciplines, its editors and authors bring a diverse
rangeoftopical,nationalandglobalperspectives.Eachoftheseperspectivesthrows
somewhat different light on the common theme that computers and computation
takecentralrolesintheacceleratingadvance ofhumanknowledge.Onthiscritical
journey, modeling and its knowledge generation vehicle, simulation, will increas-
ingly drive the advance of disciplines.
Potomac, MD, USA Bernard P. Zeigler
vii
Preface
Motivation
We live in the information age and every technology in today’s modern world is
based on information technology. Scientific theories—introduced in the last five
decades—arerealizedwithtoday’sscalablecomputationalinfrastructureeffectively
characterized by Moore’s Law. Modeling and Simulation (M&S), along with Big
Data technologies, is at the forefront of such exploration and investigation.
Furthermore, simulation has a unique characteristic: Dynamic models associated
withdiverseexperimentalconditionsandscenarios(sometimesinextremeandeven
at adverse conditions) have the power of generating new knowledge.
M&S is often taken as a single activity but in practice and engineering, are
separate activities. While modeling has been adequately embraced by various
disciplines,leadingtomanymodelingtechniques,manytimesthemodelingactivity
is not supported by simulation activity. On the other hand, a simulation-based
approach subsumes modeling as an inherent activity. As editors, we believe while
modeling helps in bringing a common understanding across all stakeholders (e.g.,
scientists, engineers, practitioners), it is usually through simulation that a model’s
correctness is evaluated. A validated model must be amenable to simulation.
A model represents a real-world phenomenon using abstractions. A properly vali-
datedandverifiedandproperlycomputerizedmodellendsitselftoexperimentation.
Experimentation with a dynamic model as well as gaining experience based on a
dynamic model lies within the domain of simulation-based approaches.
This book has several examples from diverse disciplines demonstrating simu-
lation maturity to provide a solid basis for advancement in many disciplines; from
life sciences to engineering; from architecture to arts to social sciences. As a sign
ofthetimes,wearetrulyatthecrossroadswhereM&Sisbecominga“discipline”.
This book emphasizes the fact that simulation may enhance the power of many
disciplines. Not only is M&S benefiting disciplines like sociology, which has
largelybeeninsulatedfromsuchexperimentation,butitisalsoundoubtedlyusedin
ix
x Preface
every aspect of life, whether transportation, finance, economics, biology, and so
forth.
The book’s emphasis is on highlighting the state-of-the-art simulation in the
modern era and how simulation-based approaches across multiple disciplines
advance the very discipline itself.
Overview
The book is organized in Background, Engineering and Architecture, Natural
Sciences,SocialSciencesandManagement,andLearning,EducationandTraining
sections. We appreciate very much our eminent colleagues who accepted our
invitations to contribute to this volume.
TheBackgroundsectionendeavorstoprovideacomprehensivesimulationview
in two chapters. In Chap. 1, the editors, Tuncer Ören, Saurabh Mittal and Umut
Durak,trytoestablish abasefor thebookbyelaboratingsimulationevolutionand
highlighting simulation as vital infrastructure for many disciplines. Ernest H. Page
presentsinChap.2thesimulationtechnologylandscapeinacademia,industrialand
government sectors throughout various scientific and engineering disciplines.
The Engineering and Architecture section is composed of six chapters each
drawingattentiontoacertaintechnicaldomain.InChap.3,MelihÇakmakcı,Güllü
Kızıltaş Şendur, and Umut Durak address the role of simulation in engineering
design. Andreas Tolk, Christopher G. Glazner, and Robert Pitsko promote simu-
lation in Chap. 4 as an evolution of model-based systems engineering toward an
integrated discipline within systems engineering. Chapter 5 Simulation-Based
Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things by Bo Hu Li, Lin Zhang, Tan Li,
Ting Yu Lin, and Jin Cui explains the relation of simulation with these emerging
fields of technical systems. InChap.6, Saurabh Mittal and Jose LuisRisco Martin
accentuate complex and adaptive systems and introduce required simulation
infrastructure for their design. Following that, Chap. 7 is from Oryal Tanir, where
he presents simulation as a means of understanding the impact of a new complex
solution on the business and information technology process in a software design
life cycle. The last chapter of this section is by Rhys Goldstein and Azam Khan.
They introduce the emerging role of simulation in designing model compelling,
functional, sustainable, and cost-effective buildings in Chap. 8.
The Natural Sciences section includes two chapters. First in Chap. 9, Levent
Yilmaz conducts a comprehensive discussion on the position of simulation in
relation to scientific method towards simulation-based science. Then in Chap. 10
Hannes Prescher, Allan H. Hamilton, and Jerzy Rozenblit introduce the contribu-
tion of simulation to health-care as well as health education and training.
The Social Sciences and Management section contains two chapters. It starts
with Chap. 11 where David C. Earnest and Erika Frydenlund introduce simulation
evolution in social sciences and discuss its position in research. In Chap. 12 Greg
Zacharewicz, Amir Pirayesh-Neghab, Marco Seregni, Yves Ducq, and Guy
Preface xi
Doumeingts present simulation of service systems for simulation-based enterprise
management.
ThelasttwochaptersestablishtheLearning,EducationandTrainingsection.In
Chap.13,TuncerÖren,CharlesTurnitsa,SaurabhMittalandSaikouDiallopresent
the role of simulation in learning and education. Finally, the last chapter by
Agostino Bruzzone and Marina Massei discusses the role of simulation in military
training.
Invitation
The notable contribution of this book is providing a comprehensive collection of
chapters from diverse disciplines with the unique characteristics of simulation.
Authors explore and elaborate the position of simulation within their domain and
noteitsimpactfortheadvancementsoftheirdisciplines.Weinviteyoutoajourney
about simulation through various disciplines and anticipate that such a synergistic
approach will provide you an overview of the role of simulation as we are
advancing towards a computational future in the twenty-first century: a computa-
tional future to be enhanced and empowered by simulation-based approaches.
Herndon, VA, USA Saurabh Mittal1
Braunschweig, Germany Umut Durak
Ottawa, ON, Canada Tuncer Ören
February 2017
1TheauthorsaffiliationwithTheMITRECorporationisprovidedforidentificationpurposesonly,
andisnotintendedtoconveyorimplyMITRE’sconcurrencewith,orsupportfor,thepositions,
opinionsorviewpointsexpressedbytheauthor.Approvedforpublicrelease:Case:17-0904.
