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1 .E3 Gun, Wanda Newsum, 1893-
1943 Guidance of older adolescents (a case-
• G9 study approach)... New York, 1943.
5p.l.,l66 typewritten leaves. 29cm.
Pinal document (Ed.D.) - New York
university, School of education, 1943.
"Selected bibliography": p.elG4a-l66.
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THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED.
Pinal Document
Accepted, Dafce/^Ji
GUIDANCE OF OLDER ADOLESCENTS
(A Case-Study Approach)
WANDA NEWSUM GUM
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Education in the School of Education of
New York University
GUIDANCE OP OLDER ADOLESCENTS
(A Case-Study Approach)
WANDA NEWSUM GUM
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Education in the School of Education of
New York University
1943
68009
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PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study represents a continuation of research started
by the Committee on the Study of Adolescents which was one
of the committees set up within the Commission on Secondary
School Curriculum of the Progressive Education Association.
The original Study was organized to study adolescents and
their educational experiences so that proposals could be
made for the reorganization of secondary education.
The group which made the Study included psychologists,
sociologists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, and psychiatric
social workers, whose cooperative work was made possible by
a grant from the General Education Board. The Commission
was headed by Dr. V. T. Thayer and Dr. Caroline Zachry was
director of the Committee for the Study of Adolescents.
This group of specialists was assisted by students, parents,
and staff members of the high schools, colleges, and the pub
lic agency which participated in the Study. It is to this
entire group that the writer owes her first debt of grati
tude for contributing the case studies which made possible
the present study. In addition, the writer is greatly in
debted to Dr, Zachry who made the case studies available for
study when she learned of the writer’s Interest in adoles
cents and of her tentative research plans. Dr. Zachry, as
special consultant, gave friendly encouragement and counsel
until her withdrawal from part-time teaching at New York
University to accept her present position as Director of
the Bureau of Child Guidance of the City of New York.
The writer especially wishes to express appreciation
for the valuable assistance and guidance given by members
of her Sponsoring Committee, — Professors Ambrose L.
Suhrie, Robert Hoppock, Rhea K. Boardman, and Alonzo F.
Myers. Professor Suhrie acted as chairman until his retire
ment, at which time Professor Myers assumed that responsi
bility. Without the Sponsoring Committee’s constructive
criticism and helpful suggestions, this study could not have
been brought to a successful conclusion. Their wise counsel
and friendly encouragement has been and will continue to be
highly appreciated.
Acknowledgment of appreciation is also due to many other
persons whose names Would form a list too long to be included
here. These include students and other friends who very
generously critized material.
Finally, special mention is given to two persons not di
rectly connected with the study, but who gave continuous in
spiration and encouragement. First, Dr. Roscoe Pulliam,
President, Southern Illinois Normal University, not only en
couraged the writer to pursue further graduate work, but, by
the assignment of increasingly responsible duties with con
comitantly higher goals, furnished a challenge and a stimulus
to continued study. Second, Robert H. Gum, who although an
older adolescent himself, often assumed the role of another
adult In his understanding tolerance of his mother who many,
many times needed to remind herself of the needs of her own
developing adolescent.
Wanda Newsum Gum
Southern Illinois Normal University
Carbondale, Illinois
July, 1943
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
I. PROBLEM.................................. 1
Statement of the Problem .................. 1
The General plan................... 2
The Specific Plan.................. 3
The Source of Data ........................ 3
Committee on the Study of Adolescents . 3
The Scope of This Study............ 5
Importance and Timeliness of the Problem ... 6
Basic Assumptions Which Underlie the Study . 7
The Specialist and the Trained Coun
selor .............................. 7
The Classroom Teacher as an Adviser ... 8
The Importance of Staff Members....... 9
Guidance a Coordinated Program..... 9
Definitions of Terms Used............... 10
What Is Guidance? .................... 10
Who Are the Older Adolescents? ....... 11
What Are Their Problems and Needs?. ... 12
Who Is the Faculty Adviser? .......... 13
Who Are the Specialists? ............. 13
What Is a Guidance Bureau? ........... 14
Retrospect ................................ 15
II. RELATED STUDIES ............................. 16
Adolescent Problems and Needs ............. 16
Reported by Adults ................... 16 '>
Reported by Adolescents .............. 28
Implied by Adults ........... 36
Symptomatic Aspects of Adolescent Behavior . 42
Planning to Meet Their Needs ......... 50
Retrospect ................................ 59
III. CONDUCT OF THE STUDY...................... 60
Collection of Data ........................ 61
Treatment of Data ......................... 64
Classification of Data ............... 64
Presentation of Data ................. 67
Recommendations for Guidance .............. 67
Retrospect ................................ 68
CONTENTS (CONT.)
Chapt er Page
IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ..................... 69
Parents or Other Adult Relationships 11 f
Emotional Adjustments and Physical Well-
Being .................................. 89
Related Factors in School Adjustments .... 104
Heterosexual Adjustments ................. 120
Economic levels and Adjustments .......... 137
V. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDANCE ................ 145
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY................................ 164
