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Princeton Library of Asian Translations
G U A N Z I
管 子
Political, Economic, and Philosophical
Essays from Early China
a study
W. Allyn Rickett
and translation by
Volume Two
CHAPTERS XII，35—XXIV， 86
Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey
Copyright © 1998 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street,
Princeton New Jersey 08542
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press,
6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire 0X20 1TR
All Rights Reserved
First paperback printing, 2021
Paperback ISBN 978-0-691-21898-4
The Library of Congress has catalogued the cloth edition as follows:
Kuan, Chung, d. 645 B.C.
Guanzi: political, economic, and philosophical essays from early China.
(Princeton library of Asian translations)
Translation of: Kuan-tzu/Kuan Chung
Parallel title in Chinese characters
“In 1955,1 revised part of my translation of the Guanzi’s surviving
seventy-six chapters and submitted eight of them as a Ph.D. dissertation to
the University of Pennsylvania... In 1965 the University of Hong Kong
Press published my Kuan-tzu: A repository of early Chinese thought,
which contained twelve chapters, including the original eight of my
dissertation”一Pref.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Philosophy, Chinese. I. Rickett, W. Allyn, 1921- II. Title.
III. Title: Kuan-tzu. IV. Series
B128.K832E57 1985 181M1 84-15094
ISBN 0-691-06605-1 (v. 1: alk. paper)
ISBN 0-691-04816-9 (v. 2: alk. paper)
This book has been composed in Monotype Times New Roman and Union Way
Fang Song 仿 宋
press.princeton.edu
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN-13: 978-0-691-04816-1 (cloth)
ISBN-10: 0-691-04816-9 (cloth)
C o n t e n t s
Preface ix
Introduction 3
General Content of Volume Two, 3; Changes in Format, 4; Special
Terms, 5; Rhymes, 6; Recent Developments in Guanzi Studies, 8;
Translation Procedures and Methods of Notation, 9
GUANZI
XII, 35. CWM•侈靡（follows XIX, 59)
XVI, 49. Ife 内 業，Inner Workings, and Introduction
to the Four “Xin shu” Chapters 15
XIII, 36. Xin Shu Shang ^ # J： (follows XIII, 37)
XIII, 37. Xin Shu Xia /C: # T , Art of the Mind, Part II 56
XIII, 36. Xin Shu Shang # Ji, Art of the Mind, Part I 65
XIII, 3 8 U & 白心， Purifying the Mind 82
XIV, 39. D/ 水地， Water and Earth 98
XIV，40. «SV 5W 四時，The Four Seasons 108
XIV, 41.奶 /刀 五 行 ， Five Phases 118
XV, 42. 5W 勢，On Paying Attention to Circumstances 129
XV，43. ZAe/tg 正，Rectification 136
XV，44. 九變，The Nine Alternatives 140
XV, 45. ite/z 心任法，Reliance on Law 143
XV, 46. Fa 明法，On Making the Law Clear, and
XXI，67, Fa J/e 明法解，Explanation of the “Ming Fa” 152
XV，47. iS/n•正世，Rectifying the Age 170
XV，48. Z/»’ Gi/o 治國，Maintaining the State in Good Order 175
XVI，49. Afe; Ife 内 業（precedes XIII，36)
XVI，50.心喂 SAfln 封襌 ，The Feng and Shan Sacrifices 181
XVI，51 • 小問，Minor Queries 186
v
CONTENTS
XVII，52. 0* C/i抓 0 Z/m 七臣七主，Seven Ministers
and Seven Rulers 201
XVII, 53. Jin Cang ^ On Maintaining Restraint 214
XVIII, 54. Gwo 入國，On Entering the Capital 227
XVIII，55. Aw 九守，Nine Things t6 Be Preserved 231
XVIII, 56.价咖 GOTg 恥” 桓公問，Queries of Duke Huan 238
XVIII，57. Dm ZW 度地，On Appraising the Terrain 240
XIX，58. /)，• K/训 地 _ ，Categories of Land 254
XIX, 59. ZWd ZAz•弟子職，Duties of the Student 283
XII, 35. CW Mz•侈靡，On Extravagance in Spending 292
XIX，60. Z/wo 言昭（lost)
XIX，61. Aiw 泓 修 身 （lost)
XIX,62. 問霸 （lost)
XIX，63. Mw Afi/i 牡民解（lost)
XX，64. 劭 /J/e 形勢解（see Volume One, 1,2)
XXI，65. Zi ZAe叹 Baf Jie 立政九敗解（see Volume One, I，4)
XXI, 66. Tie 版法解（see Volume One, II，7)
XXI, 67. Ming 明法解（see XV，46)
XXI，68. Cftew C/ie叩 臣 乘 馬 ，and Introduction to
the Z/wng 輕重 Section 337
XXI，69. CAe/ig Afa SAw 乘馬數，The Art of Fiscal
Management 364
XXI，70. Wfert Afa 問乘馬（lost)
XXII, IX.ShiYu^%, Discourse on Economic Matters 368
XXII, 72. Hai Wang i , Kingship Based on the Sea 372
XXII, 73. Zw 國蓄，The State’s Store of Grain 376
XXII，74. 5%仰 Gwo Gmz•山國軌，Using Statistics
to Control State Finances 388
XXII, 75. STiaw gwan 57m 山權數，Methods for Coping
with Change 396
XXII，76. iSTia/i ZW iSAm 山至數，The Best Methods
for Insuring Fiscal Control 406
vi
CONTENTS
XXIII, 77. Di Shu li Methods for Exploiting the Earth 421
XXIII, 78. KuiDu Calculations and Measures 430
XXIII, 7 9 U tm 國准，Maintaining Stability
in State Finances 443
XXIII, 80. 輕重甲，
Economic Policies, Part A 446
XXIV，81. Qing Zhong Yi 輕重乙， Qing zhong
Economic Policies, Part B 466
XXIV, 82. ZAo/tg 輕重丙（lost)
XXIV，83. 輕重丁， gfwg zAo/zg
Economic Policies, Part D 480
XXIV，84. gz>zg ZAong 肠 輕重戊，2z>jg
Economic Policies, Part E 498
XXTV，85. Qing Zhortg Ji 輕重己， Qing zhong
Economic Policies, Part F 509
XXIV, 86. 0 呢 及洲客Ge咫輕重庚（lost)
Appendix. End-Rhymes for Rhymed Passages
in Guanzi Volume One 517
Bibliography 525
Abbreviations, 525; Commentators, 525; Older Works in Chinese
and Japanese, 529; Recent Works in Chinese and Japanese, 535;
Works in Other Languages, 541
Index 547
vii
Preface
It has been almost a dozen years since the publication of the first
volume of this translation of the Guanzi, much longer than I had ever
anticipated. Some of this delay has been due to complications encoun
tered in preparing the manuscript for electronic publication, some to
the especially difficult nature of several chapters, but a lot to the increasing
inefficiency of old age. Fortunately, throughout the process I received
tremendous help from friends and scholars both here and abroad. Initial
help came in the form of reviews of the first volume, especially those
by William Boltz, Robin Yates, and Roger Ames, which led to some
changes in the way I have handled matters in this second volume, as
outlined in the introduction. I owe tremendous thanks to William Baxter
for getting me started on archaic rhymes, but I also need to absolve him
of any blame for the results. John Knoblock, after reading an early
draft of my translation of the “Bai xin” chapter (XIII，38), made a
number of suggestions that were of great help in coming to grips with
that very difficult chapter, and I was also greatly helped by Harold
Roth, who went out of his way to send me drafts of his work on early
Daoism and the “Nei ye” （XVI，49) and “Xin shu” （XIII， 36 and 37)
chapters of the GuanzL Many thanks are also due to J. L. Kroll for his
comments on my introduction to the “Qing zhong” chapters and to
Koichi Shinohara，who was kind enough to send me a copy of his book，
Benares to Beijingy thereby introducing me to the important studies of
Kanaya Osamu on the G如故
I also owe a great debt of gratitude to many Chinese friends，including
Ma Feibai, Hu Jiacong, Wu Baosan, and Zhao Shouzheng in Beijing
and Wang Demin and Chen Shuyi, editors of the Guanzi xuekan, in
Zibo. Both Zhao Shouzheng and Ma Feibai contributed greatly to this
volume. Zhao’’s translation of the into modem Chinese has pro-
vided an invaluable check on my own work, while Ma5,s kindness as
teacher and friend has left an indelible impression on me. I consider the
time I was able to spend with him in Beijing as one of the highlights of
my life. His work on the uQing zhong** chapters is crucial to the study
of those important texts, and shortly before his sad death in 1984 he
presented me with two unpublished manuscripts dealing with the uNei
ye,M which I was later able to have published in the Guanzi xuekan. One
ix
PREFACE
of these, consisting of collected annotations on the text including his
own extensive comments, was of major assistance in revising my 1965
translation of the “Nei ye” for this volume.
Another person who must be mentioned is David Goodrich, who has
made it possible for me to have this volume published by setting me up
with the computer program necessary for electronic publication. As
hard pressed for time as he is, on countless occasions he interrupted his
work to bail me out when I was in trouble. My appreciation of such
generosity knows no bounds. Also of tremendous importance during
the past two years has been the help and understanding of Lois Wescott
Rickett. Finally, there is Adele Austin Rickett, my wife of fifty years,
who provided major support for this project from its inception in 1948
to her death in February 1994. In the fall of 1993, realizing that her
long struggle with cancer was coming to a close, she gave up her own
work to read my manuscript for me, completing the final chapter just
days before she died. Her passing has been a terrible loss, and it is to her
memory that this volume is dedicated.
Medford Leas, Medford, New Jersey
December 1996
x
