Growth studies with lettuce

170 Pages·2012·6.82 MB·English

by  Nichols, Michael Adair

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GROWTHS TUDIES
WITH
LETTUCE
tehsipsr esGinntp eatdri aflul iflment
A
oft hree uqi&rmetnsf otrh dee �eoef
DoctoofPr h liopshoy
at
Massye Univseiyrt.
MichaAed.aliN ric ohls
1970
ABRSATCT
Grotvhs• utdisw eermea de thifeni deu lsintgw oc utlvi arosf h ead
leutct,eW ebVblso nudle( ar cfrsiphetaydp) ae ndCo bhGarme e(an b utetrhead
typ).e
Ina feirltizaenrdd nesyi etxperiumseinntgs ytsaea mtiscpc iang
desing superimpoonas reodtt aabflee rtzirel diesiegnv idenpceres neitse d
tos ugsgtet hatth 'en ormarle'ic proyciaedl-l dseitnym odel
-1
W B
Ap +
(wheWn i st he meanw eiplgaahtndt te s niyt p, andA a nBd arecn ostan)t s
is oanpllpyic abwlhee tnh eirsec opmetiotnia ta lld entsii.e s A
1omdiefdim1od eil sp rpooswehdi icchnl udesa ddtiinoalp arametCe,r
an
thdee inyst atw hicchop mettiino begi.n Tshmeo dfiiemdod eil s:
w -1 = pA + B if p > c
l
W - AC C
+ B if p �
Thpe lawnte hitgisn nao no-mceptivtesi tiuaitowne rfei ttetdo a
loigtsimco duesli nag ' ehautni t'e nvironmteinmsteaca lle ,
and an
anaylsiosf tlhoegs iticp armaetesrhwsoe ad r eosnpsoen ly setpore ntine
spuerphsophea.t Thiqsu ardatirce spownassde u et oa ni cnrearseelda tive
growtrha t(deu em aintloya ni ncarseende atss miiliaotrna t)fe rotmh e
useo fs epreniten superphousptp oh4a 0crwt te./ acr.e
Alto wp alndte ntsiieWse bWbosn duelrh fas hihgerre laitve
a
growrtaht cemo parweidtC ho bhGarme deuen toa slowreatreo fl eaf
pruocdti,oa nnda highenre ta ssimitliaorna t.e netas similation
This-
ratod ifefrencei sa ttributed to the heaviGrl eaveso f WebWbosn defrul
being light saturated at a hi2,her radiatiolne velt han thel eavse of
CobhamG reen. Thist heoriys supportebdy thes imilaritiyn t hey ields
f1·omt he two varieties at higdhe:n siti es.
'rhoe:p tiwmn Qarketabley i8lspda cingf or CobheGmr eenw as fountdo
14. / /
be plantssq.ft.a nd forW ebbsV fondeurlf l.l plantss•lt·f. In spite
of a lov·er plantd ensityt he markeatbley ieldfr om V!ebWobndser ful was
arproximut&ldyo ublteh at froGmob ham Gre(eant t heirre spective optimum
densities)d ue mai!-.ltyo thlea temr aturitoyfW ebbsF onde:r:fulb,u atl so
due to ithsig her grm:.rtrha t•G.
Ina n CX}•iermentc arriedo ut in EP..gland, andla ter in NewZea land,
succcssiev sowi::1gs( overa totalp eriod of2 2 months).. ...- ersea mpleda t
rr:.:gulari ntervals frome rrwrgE:nucnet il:p ast mat u:tcyi.T herJ ryw eight per
plantd atawe re thenf itted toa logistic model,w ith a sinlges et of
:parametefr0sr ,::- �evhc .rieotvye ra ll thes owinGuBs,in gch ronological
time, enda nwnber ofe nviornmentatilm e scaels. Allt he environmental
times caltst estedp rovided a better fitth achnro onlogical time,w ith
sorl raadtiiano beinsugper iort o1 hePtu nits'. A furtheimrp rovement
with the sorl raaidatni tiome scalew e_s obtainedb yv aulegi anll radiation
above a certain daiilnyte gral at only so%.
In spite of thmea rkiemdp rovwehmeeunnsi tn egnv ironmental time
sclaes,t hree stushl avleti tlcoemm erialc application at presenta s a
tooble ucsee int hlego istic
predictei v substantiald ifefrencesw ere found
pareatmeers mtatiefso trhe t�o sites,a nd alsion t he estimates oft he
asymptotes fort hod ifferenstm rin.g s
It is essonteil thatt hea smyptotebse the same overa lls owitS;ns,
a
or thatt her eaosn fora nyv ariatni obek nown,b ecausbee ign basedon
loe·.s calee vena snalvla riaiton wouldr esulitn a la.rgdei ffee1r1cien
absolutew eight.
ACI\l'TOW1EDGEt.1E.RTS
I wish etxop ressm y trwnk<1sn da ppreciationt o:-
ProfeosrsJ .A.V eale forh is suprevisiono,n ocuragwennt, andg uidt>..n.ce;
ProfeosrsJ .P. Hudsonw hoi nitially tsimulatad my intereisntt he
plant and tehnev rionmetn;
Dr. W.H eydecker forh ise ntuhsiasamn dh elpw hilea t Nottgihnam;
Mr. L.J enkinasn dth el ibarrys taff fort heiirn valuablases itsance in
obtainianngd c heckinregf erences;
I'1Irs.R oseC ouling forh era sssitanec int ypign thet hesi;s
TheN ewZ ealanUndi v0srityR esearch GrantCso rrlmitete forf ianncial
assitsancr::t o collectt hep lanta ndw e2.theCLr'1 ta;
:My wife,L yn,a ndo urc hlidrenJ,a m,: Timtohy,a ndC atherine for the
pateincet heyh nves howno ver thep asty ears.
TABOLFEC ONTENTS
Page
Inturcotdion 1
LietartuRreeve iw
plnate nvironment 3
The
Croypie lidn t hne:t 1ureonlv ironment ll
Fa.cotrasf efcntgiJ 'thsooynetshiisnC rops 16
ThHee �Utnt iC nocpet 18
Pl:smptin ncg 24
PluDnetn sa.intCdyo mptei;t(nMi o dE:ls 31
ExpreiemnIt
Th�ef feocfst ap cgia nndf critziulornst eh
growotflhe ttcue.
tersia nnlI1kdt hods 35
Ma
Hesutlso .Dnidu ssscino 38
Da.Rteudt uinco 38
AnlaysoifsP laDnrtWy e hitgD ata 44
Ani netreptratoifo nr eusltisn
the
trems Anlayiss 50
of
Growth
Anasliyosf A anBdp ramneters 57
Plalnots ses 61
Marketablyeei ld 62
cont'd
• • • . • •
ntd
co 1 • • • • • •
67
Discussion
70
Conclusions
II
;ExperimEmt
GrowthD eveloorf. mcnt
and Two Lettuce
vrJrietieisn the YJ£' turo.le r!vironment
and 71
Tltse rials Methods
71
Nottinghar.1e xperiment
e r 75
1fusscyx pe iment
anDdi scussion 79
Results
99
Discussion
Conclusiosn 103
V1ork 150
Future
LISTO FT ABLES
Page
I 'l'ehffee cotfc aclulah eautnt �sb. y f ivmee thods.22
tint;
II Leveolfs usedt he 35
H-P-K in experiment
Rseduls umss qrueasA, calculated
Ill i a of parameters
for bs1iJ onderufsuln l'a nd
Web ing 1 orma 1m odified1
rcepircoayli edledn smiotld.ye 42
IV errsourms sq uafroeCrso bhaanWmde bbs 46
Mean
V 1furnbeorfl eaveexescP. dti'nl gne gth 48
VI Loisicp amreatefroCsro bhaWme bbs 48
g t and
VII Leaafr/ egma.d rwye hitlg aef 54
VIII ofl c�darfy / 54
Percentage weighttotalp lant dry weight
IX Drmya ttdesrt_b rujotnp,oh pshattree atments 55
i i
X Calctudep loaloymnipaalmr eart,sew itdhe rived
maximum yeild rleatdenedst y 64
marketable and i
XI LosgtiigTco vrctuhrp vaere atmearnsEd r rMoera n
Sqauers Method 81
l
•.
XII Losgticig rowctuhrp vaemr eaterEsr rMoera n
and
Sqruea.s Meth2o d 82
XIII Losgticip artaemraesnE dr rMoeraS nq ruseaf or
comptliemsxeac les 85
XIV Losgticip areatmefrtist etdob ettfeirt ting
enrvoinnmteatli mseacl sef otrh tew soi tes 86
Exampslheo gwt ihndee rivoafth ioounrr layd iation
XV
intreagls 89
Losgtici fosrlo arra diattiimsoecn as l,e
XVI parameters
foWre sba btt wsoi tes 90
XVII
Logisticp arametersf or solarr adiationt ime scales,
91
�or Cobhama t two sites
XVIII all
Totale rror sums of squaresf or smvingsf or a
singles et of parameters,o r with only K constant
93
for all sowings
XIX 94
a p&.rametevra riances
XX
Effecto f varietya nd_s oningd ate on the rate of
96
productiono f le.o.vesi n excesso f i"lo ng
XXI /
IvTeEm leaf areasgm. leaf dr>vye ightf or different
98
sov:ingasn d varieties