Table Of ContentESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA
European Southern Observatory
Series Editor: Bruno Leibundgut
Published titles include:
RandomizedAlgorithms for Analysis and Control of Uncertain Systems
Roberto Tempo, Giuseppe Calafiore and Fabrizio Dabbene
Stability and Stabilization of Infinite Dimensional Systems with Applications
Zheng-Hua Luo, Bao-Zhu Guo and Omer Morgul
Nonsmooth Mechanics (Second edition)
Bernard Brogliato
Nonlinear Control Systems II
Alberto Isidori
L-Gain and Passivity Techniques in nonlinear Control
A2rjan van der Schaft
Control of Linear Systems with Regulation and Input Constraints
Ali Saberi,Anton A. Stoorvogel and Peddapullaiah Sannuti
Robust and H• Control
Ben M. Chen
Computer Controlled Systems
Efim N. Rosenwasser and Bernhard P. Lampe
Dissipative Systems Analysis and Control
Rogelio Lozano, Bernard Brogliato, Olav Egeland and Bernhard Maschke
Control of Complex and Uncertain Systems
Stanislav V. Emelyanov and Sergey K. Korovin
Robust Control Design Using H• Methods
Ian R. Petersen,ValeryA. Ugrinovski and Andrey V. Savkin
Model Reduction for Control System Design
Goro Obinata and Brian D.O.Anderson
Control Theory for Linear Systems
Harry L. Trentelman,Anton Stoorvogel and Malo Hautus
Functional AdaptiveControl
Simon G. Fabri and Visakan Kadirkamanathan
Positive 1D and 2D Systems
Tadeusz Kaczorek
Identification and Control UsingVolterra Models
F.J. Doyle III, R.K. Pearson and B.A. Ogunnaike
Non-linear Control for Underactuated Mechanical Systems
Isabelle Fantoni and Rogelio Lozano
Robust Control (Second edition)
Jürgen Ackermann
Flow Control by Feedback
Ole Morten Aamo and Miroslav Krstiæ
Learning and Generalization (Second edition)
Mathukumalli Vidyasagar
Constrained Control and Estimation
Graham C. Goodwin, María M. Seron and José A. De Doná
RandomizedAlgorithms for Analysis and Control of Uncertain Systems
Roberto Tempo, Giuseppe Calafiore and Fabrizio Dabbene
Switched Linear Systems
Zhendong Sun and Shuzhi S. Ge
A. Merloni S. Nayakshin R.A. Sunyaev (Eds.)
Growing Black Holes:
Accretion in a
Cosmological Context
Proceedings
of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference
Held at Garching, Germany, 21-25 June 2004
Volume Editors
Dr. Andrea Merloni
Dr. Sergei Nayakshin
Prof. Rashid A. Sunyaev
Max-Planck-Institut for Astrophysics
Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1
85741 Garching
Germany
Series Editor
Bruno Leibundgut
European Southern Observatory
Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2
85748 Garching
ISBN 10 3-540-25275-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
ISBN 13 978-3-540-25275-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
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Preface
Supermassive black holes (SMBH) are among the most spectacular objects in
the Universe, and their study sheds light on fundamental physical phenomena
occurringintheirimmediatevicinity,suchasaccretionofgasandstronggravity
effects. Historically, theories of accretion have been developed and refined based
on observational studies of individual objects believed to be powering Quasars,
first discovered more than 40 years ago, and X-ray binaries. This research stood
somewhatseparatefromcosmology,dealingprimarilywithformationandevolu-
tionofgalaxies.However,inrecentyears,ithasbeenestablishedthatSMBHare
not just interesting laboratories of strong gravity and high-energy astrophysics,
but have direct impact on the evolution of the large scale structure and have an
influence on the appearence of our Universe. For this reason, we thought it was
time to bring together scientists from the extra-galactic astronomy, cosmology
and accretion physics communities to discuss the implications of the connection
between supermassive black hole growth and galaxy formation.
The conference “Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Con-
text” was held in Garching from June 21 to 25, 2004 as a part of the joint
MPA/MPE/ESO/USM astronomy conference series. The meeting was attended
by about 170 scientists from more than 20 countries all over the world. We are
extremely happy with the response of the scientific community, either before,
during, and after the conference. Each session featured excellent review and
invited talks that summarized the state of the art in the research on the re-
spective topic. These talks were followed and augmented by equally interesting
contributed talks, many of which presented original ideas or the latest obser-
vational results. Lively discussions and busy poster sessions contributed to the
success of the conference. We would like to thank warmly all of the participants
for helping us to achieve this. Our hope is that these proceedings will reflect
theexcellentlevelofthescientificresearchdiscussedattheconference,andthat
they will become a useful research and reference tool for the entire community.
Many people were involved in the organizational effort; among them, spe-
cial thanks are due the members of the Scientific Advisory Committee and the
Local Organizing Committee. Also, we would like to express our gratitude to
all the invited and review speakers for having agreed to participate and bring
to the meeting their precious scientific contributions. However, the conference
would not have been possible at all without the great support of Maria Depner,
Gabriele Kratschmann, Kate O’Shea, Cornelia Rickl, the student helpers and
other personnel from the Garching Research Campus. We express our sincere
gratitude to all of them.
Garching, January 2005 Andrea Merloni
Sergei Nayakshin
Rashid Sunyaev
Growing Black Holes:
Scientific Advisory Committee:
Ralf Bender, Roger Blandford, Catherine Cesarsky, Reinhard Gen-
zel, Martin Rees, Rashid Sunyaev, Scott Tremaine
Local Organizing Committee:
JorgeCuadra,AndreaMerloni,EmmiMeyer,SergeiNayakshin,Thibaut
Paumard, Rashid Sunyaev, Gijs Verdoes Kleijn
Invited and Review Speakers:
Marek Abramowicz, Fred Baganoff, Ralf Bender, Roger Blandford,
Niel Brandt, Karsten Danzmann, Andy Fabian, Xiaohui Fan, Rein-
hard Genzel, Zoltan Haiman, Guenther Hasinger, Guineviere Kauff-
mann, Andrew King, Abraham Loeb, Piero Madau, David Merritt,
Sterl Phinney, Martin Rees, Bernard Schutz, Volker Springel
Contents
Part I First Supermassive Black Holes and Structure Formation
From the Earliest Seeds to Today’s Supermassive Black Holes
(Review)
P. Madau ......................................................... 3
The Environmental Impact of Supermassive Black Holes (In-
vited)
A. Loeb........................................................... 18
The Growth of the Earliest Supermassive Black Holes and Their
Contribution to Reionization (Invited)
Z. Haiman, M. Dijkstra, A. Mesinger................................. 30
Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes
V. Bromm ........................................................ 42
Black Hole Accretion and Starbursts Triggered by Interactions
in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
N. Menci, A. Cavaliere, E. Giallongo, A. Fontana ..................... 50
Calibrating the Galaxy Halo – Black Hole Relation Based on the
Clustering of Quasars
S. Wyithe......................................................... 56
From First Galaxies to QSOs –
Feeding the Baby Monsters
L. Danese, F. Shankar, G.L. Granato, L. Silva, A. Bressan, G. De Zotti,
P. Salucci, M. Cirasuolo ............................................ 60
EvolutionoftheISMinEllipticalGalaxiesandBlackHoleGrowth
V. Gaibler, M. Camenzind, M. Krause ............................... 66
A Physically Motivated Toy Model for the BH-Spheroid Coevo-
lution
L. Ciotti, J.P. Ostriker, S. Yu. Sazonov............................... 68
VIII Contents
Part II Observations of Supermassive Black Holes at Higher
Redshift
HighestRedshiftQuasarsandtheEarlyGrowthofSupermassive
Black Holes in the Universe (Review)
X. Fan ........................................................... 75
X-rays from the First Massive Black Holes (Invited)
W.N. Brandt, C. Vignali, B.D. Lehmer, L.A. Lopez, D.P. Schneider,
I.V. Strateva ...................................................... 90
A Search for the First Massive Galaxy Clusters
C.J. Willott, D. Crampton, J.B. Hutchings, M. Sawicki, L. Simard, M.J.
Jarvis, R.J. McLure, W.J. Percival .................................. 102
The Spatial Clustering of X-ray Selected AGN in the Chandra
Msec Fields
R. Gilli........................................................... 108
What Powers High-Redshift SCUBA Galaxies?
D.M. Alexander.................................................... 114
EarlySpitzerDetectionsofExtremeX-ray/OpticalSources(EXOs)
A.M. Koekemoer, D.M. Alexander, F.E. Bauer, J. Bergeron, W. N.
Brandt, S. Cristiani, M. Dickinson, N.A. Grogin, V. Mainieri, L.
Moustakas, C. M. Urry ............................................. 120
The Masses of X-ray Emitting EROs
M. Brusa, A. Comastri, E. Daddi, L. Pozzetti, G. Zamorani, C. Vignali,
A. Cimatti, F. Fiore, M. Mignoli, P. Ciliegi, H.J.A. Ro¨ttgering.......... 126
Why Are Only High-Redshift Obscured AGN Bright Submil-
limeter Sources?
F.J. Carrera, M.J. Page, J.A. Stevens, J.P.D. Mittaz .................. 128
VLT Adaptive Optics Imaging of QSO at z ∼ 2.5
R. Falomo, J. Kotilainen, R. Scarpa, A. Treves ....................... 130
XMM-Newton Observations of Four High-z Quasars
E. Ferrero, W. Brinkmann .......................................... 132
Black Hole Mases of the SDSS QSO Sample
E. Ovcharov, V. D. Ivanov, P. Nedialkov.............................. 134
Beyond the Spectroscopic Limit in the GOODS/CDFS Survey
V. Mainieri and the GOODS/CDFS team............................. 136
Contents IX
AGN and Starbursts Already Massive at z > 3
B. Rocca-Volmerange, M. Remazeilles ................................ 138
VLT Optical Spectroscopy of BL Lac Objects
B. Sbarufatti, A. Treves, R. Falomo, J. Heidt, J. Kotilainen, R. Scarpa .. 140
Red Optical Quasars are X-ray Blue Quasar
T. Urrutia, M. Lacy, R. Becker, M. Gregg ............................ 142
Part III Observations of Supermassive Black Holes in the Local
Universe
Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxy Centers (Invited)
R. Bender ........................................................ 147
Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
A.J. Barth, J.E. Greene, L.C. Ho.................................... 154
Growing Black Holes: Observational Evidence for Stellar Tidal
Disruption Events
S. Komossa ....................................................... 159
NarrowLineSeyfert1Galaxiesandthe“Anti-hierarchical”Black
Hole Growth
S. Mathur, D. Grupe .............................................. 164
Measuring the Masses and Accretion Rates in Rapidly Growing
Young NLS1s
T. Boller ......................................................... 170
X-ray/UV Correlation in MCG–6-30-15
P. Ar´evalo, I. Papadakis, B. Kuhlbrodt, W. Brinkmann ................. 175
Linking the Black Hole and Bulge Formation
P. Buyle, H. Dejonghe, M. Baes .................................... 177
Super Massive Black Holes in Disk Galaxies
L. Coccato, M. Sarzi, E. Maria Corsini, A. Pizzella, F. Bertola.......... 179
X-ray Variability of the Milky Way
H.-J. Grimm, M. Gilfanov, R. Sunyaev ............................... 181
Growing Black Holes in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
D. Grupe, S. Mathur .............................................. 183
SMBH Mass Derived from Reverberation Mapping and Gravi-
tational Redshift
W. Kollatschny .................................................... 185
X Contents
Part IV The Case of Sagittarius A*
First Simultaneous NIR/X-ray Flare Detection from SgrA*
A. Eckart, F. K. Baganoff, M. Morris, M.W. Bautz, W.N. Brandt,
G.P. Garmire, R. Genzel, T. Ott, G.R. Ricker, C. Straubmeier,
T. Viehmann, R. Scho¨del, G.C. Bower, J.E. Goldston ................ 191
Sgr A West: a Parsec Scale Reservoir
for Accretion onto Sgr A*?
T. Paumard, J.-P. Maillard, M. Morris............................... 197
Star Formation in the Accretion Disk of Sgr A* a Million Years
Ago
S. Nayakshin ...................................................... 203
Accretion in the Galactic Center: Via a Cool Disk?
B.F. Liu, F. Meyer, E. Meyer-Hofmeister............................. 209
A Disk in the Galactic Center in the Past?
E. Meyer-Hofmeister, F. Meyer, B. Liu .............................. 211
Accretion onto a Supermassive Black Hole in Sgr A*
M. Moscibrodzka, B. Czerny, V. Beskin............................... 213
Non-Keplerian Potential at the Galactic Centre?
N. Mouawad, S. Pfalzner, R. Scho¨del, R. Spurzem, J. Moultaka, A. Eckart215
The Compact Stellar Cluster Around Sgr A* and the Nature of
Sgr A*
R. Scho¨del, R. Genzel, A. Eckart, T. Ott ............................. 217
Part V Interaction of Supermassive Black Holes with Their
Environment
Interaction of Supermassive Black Holes with Their Stellar and
Dark Matter Environments (Invited)
D. Merritt ........................................................ 221
ISM Dynamics Around Black Holes in Nearby (Radio) Early-
Type Galaxies with HST
G. Verdoes Kleijn, R. van der Marel, J. Noel-Storr .................... 236
Torus Models for Obscuration in Type 2 AGN
T. Beckert, W.J. Duschl, B. Vollmer ................................ 242
Growing Stars in AGN Disks
J. Cuadra, S. Nayakshin ............................................ 248
