Groundwater Residue Sampling Design

390 Pages·1991·33.56 MB·English

by  Ralph G. Nash and Anne R. Leslie (Eds.)

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In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
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In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 465
Groundwater Residue Sampling
Design
Ralph G. Nash, EDITOR
cs.org w001 EPL Bio-Analytical Services, Inc.
bs.a65.f
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American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1991
In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Groundwater residue sampling design / Ralph G. Nash, editor,
Anne R. Leslie, editor.
p. cm.—(ACS Symposium Series, ISSN 0097-6156; 465)
"Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Divisions of
Agrochemicals and of Environmental Chemistry at the National Meeting
of the American Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, April 22-27,
1990."
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 0-8412-2091-3
bs.acs.org 65.fw001 CCoo1nn.gg rrAeegssssreeicssu.. l3tu. rSa2ol. i lWc phoaelmtluertici,oa nls——UMnEdneeavrsigruroroneummneednn—tt—aPl oClalousnptgioercnet—sss—eMs.M eaesausruermemenetn—t-
pu04 I. Nash, Ralph G., 1930- . II. Leslie, Anne R., 1931-
p://91- III. American Chemical Society. Division of Agrochemicals.
htt19 IV. American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry.
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
ACS Symposium Series
M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor
1991 ACS Books Advisory Board
V. Dean Adams Bonnie Lawlor
cs.org w001 TenUnneisvseeresi Ttye chnological Institute for Scientific Information
bs.a65.f John L. Massingill
u4 Paul S. Anderson Dow Chemical Company
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36 on 1991 | MIndailacnoal mU nHiv.e rCsithyi sholm U.S. Department of Agriculture
63.34.1une 20, Natalie Foster MOfafircseh oafl lA Pghriiclluilptusr al Biotechnology,
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wnloublic University of California—Berkeley University of Iowa
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Mary A. Kaiser A. Truman Schwartz
Ε. I. du Pont de Nemours and Macalaster College
Company
Stephen A. Szabo
Gretchen S. Kohl Conoco Inc.
Dow-Corning Corporation
Robert A. Weiss
Michael R. Ladisch University of Connecticut
Purdue University
In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Foreword
lHE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was founded in 1974 to provide
a medium for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
format of the Series parallels that of the continuing ADVANCES
IN CHEMISTRY SERIES except that, in order to save time, the
papers are not typeset, but are reproduced as they are submit
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bs.a65.f Advisory Board and are selected to maintain the integrity of the
u4 symposia. Both reviews and reports of research are acceptable,
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In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Preface
THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES, once thought to be harmless
to groundwater, has become a cause for concern over the past decade.
The reason for the change is the discovery that under the right condi
tions, pesticides, like fertilizer nitrogen, can move through soil into
groundwater, a phenomenon once thought improbable. Movement of
agrochemicals in surface water flow was a recognized fact, but was not
org 01 believed to be a major threat to drinking water, as is groundwater con
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Because groundwater research is young, multidisciplinary, and site
specific, few methodologies are available. The present state of the science
is more a strategy than a method list. As stated in Chapter 1, "The initial
design [should] be a pilot program that can be expanded as knowledge is
gained from the study." Nevertheless, for given situations certain methods
may be adaptable to other sites. Examples of proven methods include:
the aseptic sampling in unconsolidated heaving soils described in Chapter
20; the techniques used by the Rhone Poulenc Ag Company for collecting
data necessary for registration of pesticides (Chapters 9, 12, and 20); the
U.S. Geological Survey Delmarva Peninsula designs for regional ground
water monitoring (Chapters 6 and 7); the U.S. Geological Survey site
xi
In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
specific monitoring (Chapter 14); and the minimum cost sample alloca
tion (Chapter 5).
Despite the increased allocation of research dollars toward groundwa
ter research, wise husbandry of these resources is demanded to ensure the
attainment of Congress's goal of protecting and improving our water sup
ply.
We would like to thank all the authors, the two ACS divisions that
sponsored the symposium, the numerous reviewers, our employers, and
ACS Books for making this publication possible.
RALPH G. NASH
EPL Bio-Analytical Services, Inc.
Decatur, IL 62525
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In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Chapter 1
Groundwater Residue Sampling
Overview of the Approach Taken by Government Agencies
Ralph G. Nash1, Charles S. Helling2, Stephen E. Ragone3,
and Anne R. Leslie4
1EPL Bio-Analytical Services, Inc., Box 1708, Decatur, IL 62525
2Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Beltsville, MD 20705
3Office of the Assistant Director for Research, U.S. Geological Survey,
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oc systems. These multiphase and multicomponent systems have
wnlubli their own hydrogeologic and minéralogie characteristics
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Therefore, the time it takes contaminants to reach and
move throughout the system can vary from days to
centuries. The pathways through which contaminants are
transported also vary and, depending on conditions, may
move between groundwater and surface water or from one
aquifer to another. Contaminants may also transfer
between the aqueous phase and the solid and gaseous
phases. These factors may also affect the contaminant's
ultimate fate by determining the reaction types or extent
that can cause alteration (Ragone, S.E. Water-Quality
Contamination: A Systems Approach Towards Its Protection
and Remediation. In Proc. of the Conf. The Environment:
Global Problem - Local Solutions Hofstra Univ. Long
Island, New York, June 7-8, 1990).
0097-6156/91/0465-0001$06.00A)
© 1991 American Chemical Society
In Groundwater Residue Sampling Design; Nash, R., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.