Gregor Mendel: And the Roots of Genetics (Oxford Portraits in Science)

109 Pages·1999·7.98 MB·English

by  Edward Edelson

Gregor Mendel
And the Roots of Genetics

Owen Gingerich
General Editor
Gregor Mendel
And the Roots of Genetics
Edward Edelson
Oxford University Press
New York • Oxford
Oxford University Press
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Copyright © 1999 by Edward Edelson
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
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Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
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Design: Design Oasis
Layout: Leonard Levitsky
Picture research: Lisa Kirchner
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Edelson, Edward
Gregor Mendel / Edward Edelson.
p. cm. — (Oxford Portraits in Science)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Explores the life of Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk whose
experiments with pea plants became a foundation for modern genetics.
ISBN 0-19-512226-7 (hardcover); 0-19-515020-1 (paperback)
1. Mendel, Gregor, 1822-1884—-Juvenile literature. 2. Geneticists—Austria—Biogra-
phy—-Juvenile literature. [1. Mendel, Gregor, 1822—1884. 2. Geneticists.]
I. Tide. II. Series.
QH31.M45E34 1999
576.5'092—dc21 98-37541
[b] CIP
AC
98765432
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
On the cover Gregor Mendel in the days of his experiments; Inset Mendel as Abbot
Frontispiece: Medal commemorating the 100th anniversary of Mendel's papers on heredity.
Contents
Chapter 1: Mendel is Discovered 8
Sidebar. Heredity before Mendel 11
Sidebar: Mendel and Communism 16
Chapter 2: Young Mendel Chooses the Monastic Life 18
Chapter 3: Mendel Begins Plant Experiments 40
Sidebar. Mendel and Darwin 50
Chapter 4: Mendel Becomes the Abbot 58
Chapter 5: Mendel's Last Years 70
Chapter 6: Mendel Rediscovered 78
Sidebar: Did Mendel Cheat? 84
Chapter 7: Mendel's Legacy 88
Sidebar: The Human Genome Project 96
Chronology 99
Further Reading 101
Index 103
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Charles Babbage
Alexander Graham Bell
Nicolaus copernicus
Francis Crick
& James Watson
Marie Curie
Enrico Fermi
Thomas Edison
Albert Einstein
michael Faraday
Enrico Fermi
Benjamin Franklin
Sigmund Freud
Galileo Galilei
William Harvey
Joseph Henry
Edward Jenner
Johannes Kepler
Othniel Charles Marsh
& Edward Drinker Cope
Margaret Mead
Gregor Mendel
Isaac Newton
Louis Pasteur
Linus Pauling
Ivan Pavlov
Members of the Augustianian monastery in Brno in the early 1860s. Gregor Mendel is standing at the far right,
holding a fuchsia bloom.
CHAPTER
1
Mendel is
Discovered
In January 1884, the local newspaper in the city of Brno
(then called Brunn and in the Austro-Hungarian Empire,
today in the Czech Republic) noted the death of the
beloved abbot of the Brno monastery. The obituary said
that the abbot, Gregor Mendel, was an enthusiastic scientif-
ic researcher, spending many hours on studies in meteorol-
ogy and beekeeping, and growing different kinds of flowers,
"especially a full and beautiful fuchsia." It also briefly men-
tioned "his observations of plant hybrids, which he grew in
large numbers." A hybrid is a new kind of plant created by
crossing two distinctly different species or varieties of plants.
A quarter of a century later, in 1910, thousands of peo-
ple gathered in the square outside the monastery to honor
Gregor Mendel. The crowd included a number of re-
nowned scientists, from every country in Europe. A statue
commemorating Mendel was unveiled, and the square was
renamed in his honor.
Mendel was being honored for the work with plant
hybrids that had not seemed very important during his life.
One speaker, a German scientist named Erich Tschermak,
said that Mendel's experiments in which he crossed plants
9