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ISSN 2278 – 0149 www.ijmerr.com
Vol. 1, No. 3, October 2012
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Research Paper
GREEN MANUFACTURING AND USE
OF ANALYTICAL NETWORK PROCESS (ANP)
DECISION TOOL IN GREEN MANUFACTURING
Manish Bansal1*, Raj Kumar Duhan1 and Snadeep Deshwal2
*Corresponding Author: Manish Bansal,[email protected]
Today the increasing industrialization creates huge pressure on environment and due to this
industrialization many environmental related problems arises daily. The global warming, air,
water and noise pollution, ozone layer depletion are some of the major problems. With the
global awareness of environmental risk as well as market pressure to get maximum benefits,
manufacturing system requires new development and Green manufacturing or Environmental
Conscious Manufacturing (ECM) is the only solution for these problems. Multinational and
domestic corporations all around the world are adopting environmental manufacturing. The growth
of green manufacturing is rapid over the last few decades but the change due to green
manufacturing will not happen overnight but over times. It is matter of continuous improvement
and the industries itself cannot bring about the changes; government also has to play a very
important role of creating the right environment which support the environmental manufacturing.
Keywords: ANP software, Green manufacturing parameters
INTRODUCTION introduce the mass production techniques
Manufacturing plays a very strategic role in which revolutionized manufacturing
an organization, especially to build processes. Over the years the need for
competitive advantage and improve meeting individualistic customer demands
performance. With rapid changes in without compromising productivity or quality,
technology, customer needs and brought about the introduction of flexible and
globalization, manufacturing itself is constantly mass customization techniques. The
transforming and evolving. The beginning of Figure 1 below shows this change in
the century saw the automobile industry manufacturing philosophies with time.
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDM College of Engineering (Bahadurgarh), Jhajjar, Haryana, India.
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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Manish Bansal et al., 2012
Figure 1: Change in Manufacturing Philosophies
PROBLEM STATEMENT the environment but the time limit do not allow
studying all those factors and so limited
The term green manufacturing was coined to
numbers of factors are choosing and then
reflect the new manufacturing paradigm that
decision tool is applied on them to find out the
employs various green strategies and
result. Let us first discuss about the factors on
techniques to become more eco-efficient.
which the whole ECM process depends.
These strategies include creating products/
systems that consumes less material and
FACTORS DESCRIPTION
energy, substituting input materials (e.g., non-
As the ultimate goal here is to achieve the
toxic for toxic, renewable for non-renewable),
environment conscious manufacturing and for
reducing unwanted outputs and converting
achieving this target, the factors which affects
outputs to inputs (recycling). Although interest
the ECM have to known and their impact on
in green manufacturing is increasing more and
the environment have to be known. So the
more within the research and industrial
selection and classification of the factor is the
communities, a clear description of what is
first basic step to advance the study further.
meant by this term is becoming more essential.
Also the selection of factor for ECM affects
So until and unless the decision tools are not
the whole efficiency of the plant so selection
applied in the results the accuracy can never
of factors plays a very crucial role in ECM and
be achieved so the use of integrated decision
one should have to select and choose the factor
tools will improve the findings base.
tactfully and carefully otherwise the efficient
There are numerous factors which affect the result can’t be achieved. The factor are chosen
environment and the selection of these factors from the research papers after studying them
is critical criteria for any organization if it wants and it is found that there are numerous factors
to implement green manufacturing. Here in this which affects the environment and then a total
work five major categories are selected of 31 factors are selected from all available
namely research and product design, waste factors and their brief description is given here
control, packaging control, manufacturing one by one. These factors are divided into five
control and quality control for the evaluation of major categories which are further divided into
the green manufacturing. These five major 31 other factors and all of them are listed in
factors are subdivided into 31 factors on which Table 1 shown below and these factors are
green manufacturing depends. However there coded into short form to make them
are many other factors which are also affecting compactable with the software used.
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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Manish Bansal et al., 2012
Table 1: Factors Description
Goal Dimensions Assessment Factors Code
Green Manufacturing Research and Design Process Energy Savings of Products E S O P
Health and Safety H S
Proportion of Product Reuse P O P R
Proportion of Product Recycling P O P R C
Conformity with Eco-Concept C W E C
Simplification and Standardization SS
Reliability and Durability RD
Staff with Eco-Awareness S W E A
Waste Control Pollution from Product P F P
Proportion of Waste Renewable Products P O W R P
Ability to Minimize Waste and Maximize A T M W A M T U
the Utility
Management of Waste Classification M O W C
Waste Reduction Rate of Production W R R P F
Facilities
Application of Foolproof Devices A O F D
Production Automation P A
Packaging Control Packaging Simplification P S
Ease of Disintegration E O D I
Application of Product Intensified A O P I P
Packaging
Proportion of Non-Packaging P O N P
Additional Processing of Packaging A P O P M
Materials
Inspection Pass Rate of Green Part I P R O G P
Green Procurement Capabilities G P C
Manufacturing Control Environmental Pollution During Production EPDP
Environmental-Related Injury to Operator ERITP
Capabilities of Pollution Prevention COPPDP
During Production
Waste Reduction Capabilities WRC
Energy Efficiency During Production EEDP
Quality Control Ability to Obtain Green Certification ATOGC
Customer Satisfaction with Respect to CSWRTGD
Green Demand
Ability to Identify Flawed Green Product ATIFGP
Compliance with Outsourcing CWORFGD
Regulations for Green Products
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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Manish Bansal et al., 2012
SELECTION OF TOOL during our course of study. Their inconsistency
index is also mentioned in the fig with desired
The Analytical Network Process (ANP) is
value. This priority table help the researchers
selected here for solving the present problem.
to judge the relative importance between all
The ANP is used because there is
these factors and based on the judgement the
interdependency between the factors and to
decision is made for environmental
make the necessary computation. As there is
manufacturing. The priority defer from category
number of factors on which environment
to category as the expectation/desires differs
conscious manufacturing depends and it is
from person to person, category to category
very confusing to select or priorities them
therefore the priorities for the different
depending upon some criteria and to also it
categories are discussed below one by one.
takes lots of time to find out correct priority
Also the priority for entire group/model is
without any using any tool so ANP is used here
discussed.
to solve the present problem. The process and
method to priorities the factors is discussed Result/Priority for Research and
in the next part of the study. Design Process
The result for the research and design process
RESULT
is shown in the Figure 2 shown below and it is
As it is well known that different factors
observe from the result that Reliability and
possess different priorities with relation to the Durability (RD) is most important factor among
environmental conscious manufacturing so in this cluster and Proportion of Product Reuse
order to have a wider reach over them, the (POPR) is second most important factor while
priorities are easily predicted using the super Simplification & Standardization (SS) is least
decisions software. The inputs to the priorities importance factor among the research and
are filled by various questionnaire prepared design processes.
Figure 2: Result for Research and Design Process
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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Manish Bansal et al., 2012
Result/Priority for Waste Control stage the product is manufactured and it is tough
to reduce its impact on the environment. Also
The Figure 3 shows the result for this category
the importance for other factor can be easily
and it is observed from the result that ability to
calculated from the result and these factors can
minimize waste and maximize the utility Pollution
also be ranked accordingly.
from Product (PFP) is most important factor in
this category and than Waste Reduction Rate Result/Priority for Packaging Control
of Production Facilities (WRRPF) is second The result for the packaging control cluster is
most important factor while Production shown in the Figure 4 and it is observed here
Automation (PA) is least important as at this that Inspection Pass Rate of Green Part
Figure 3: Result for Waste Control
Figure 4: Result for Packaging Control
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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Manish Bansal et al., 2012
(IPROGP) is most importance factor in this Capabilities of Pollution Prevention During
cluster and then Additional Processing of Production (COPPDP) and Environmental
Packaging Materials (APOPM) and Pollution During Production (EPDP) is most
Proportion of Non-Packaging (POPN) comes important factor and all other factor are having
next in the priority while Packaging almost equal importance.
Simplification (PS) is least importance factor
Result/Priority for Quality Control
in this cluster.
The result of quality control is shown in the
Result/Priority for Manufacturing Figure 6 and it is observed here Ability to
Control Identify Flawed Green Product (ATIFGP) is
The result for manufacturing control is shown most important factor here and all other factors
in the Figure 5 and it is seen here that are almost equally important.
Figure 5: Result for Manufacturing Control
Figure 6: Result for Quality Control
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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Manish Bansal et al., 2012
Figure 7: Combined Results
Result/Priority for Entire Model
Table 2: Relative Importance
The result for the entire model can be measured
Category Rank Percentage Importance
based upon the priority of all the factors and it
Waste Control 1st 38.23%
is shown in the Figure 7 and the priority of the
Research and Design
Process 2nd 20.38% entire category can be judged from the figure.
Packaging Control 3rd 14.04% The priority Table 2 shown below for the
Manufacturing Control 4th 13.93% entire sample is based on the result obtained
Quality Control 5th 13.40% from the software and it is used to give relative
Figure 8: Priority for Different Categories
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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Manish Bansal et al., 2012
importance between different factors. The Green Engineering”, Engineering
percentage importance of different factors is Management Review, IEEE, Vol. 35,
also shown in the table and it can be used to No. 3, pp. 16-18.
give relative importance/priority between the
3. Baoju H and Jian L (2011), “Virtual Green
factors selected (Figure 8).
Manufacturing and its Application in
Manufacturing”, International Conference
CONCLUSION
on Advanced Manufacturing Technology
Based on considerable data from ECM
New Requirements to China’s
practices and feasible industrial methods,
Manufacturing, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 244-248.
while incorporating comments from experts in
4. Francis F (2009), “Environmentally
relevant fields, this work here developed
Conscious Quality Function
assessment model and evaluate factors,
Deployment— A New Approach for Green
followed by a calculation the weights of
Manufacturing”, International Conference
evaluating factors via ANP. Finally, the model
on Advances in Computational Tools for
is used for extracting successful factors of
Engineering Applications, Vol. 10, July
implementing ECM in any organizational
15-17, pp. 340-343.
system. Based on the results of this study, the
following conclusion points can be drawn: 5. Fresner J and Jantschgi J (2006), “The
Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
• The proposed model contains 5 strategic
(TRIZ) as Option Generation Tool
factors, i.e., research and design process,
Within Cleaner Production Projects”,
waste control, packaging control,
Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 18,
manufacturing control and quality control and
pp. 128-136.
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6. Gary G B and Paul R M (2009), “Lean
• It is observed that Waste control process
Manufacturers’ Transcendence to Green
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Manufacturing”, Industrial Engineering
conscious manufacturing and then
Research Conference, Vol. 23, No. 5,
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and these two are having almost equal
“Analytic Network Process in Supplier
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Selection: A Case Study in an Electronic
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Description:Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDM College of Engineering (Bahadurgarh), Jhajjar, Haryana, . Manufacturing”, International Conference.
