Table Of Contentmore information - www.cambridge.org/9781107034365
green governance
Thevastmajorityoftheworld’sscientistsagree:wehavereachedapointinhistory
where we are in grave danger of destroying Earth’s life-sustaining capacity. But
our attempts to protect natural ecosystems are increasingly ineffective because
ourveryconceptionoftheproblemislimited;wetreat“theenvironment”asits
own separate realm, taking for granted prevailing but outmoded conceptions of
economics, national sovereignty, and international law. Green Governance is a
directresponsetothemountingcallsforaparadigmshiftinthewayhumansrelate
tothenaturalenvironment.Itopensthedoortoanewsetofsolutionsbyproposinga
compellingnewsynthesisofenvironmentalprotectionbasedonbroadernotionsof
economicsandhumanrightsandoncommons-basedgovernance.Goingbeyond
speculativeabstractions,thebookproposesanewarchitectureofenvironmental
lawandpublicpolicythatisaspracticalasitistheoreticallysound.
Burns H. Weston is the Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law
EmeritusandSeniorScholaroftheCenterforHumanRightsatTheUniversity
of Iowa. A longtime – now honorary – member of the Board of Editors of the
AmericanJournalofInternationalLawandaFellowoftheWorldAcademyofArt
andScience,hehasauthored,co-authored,andco-editedmanybooksandarticles,
especiallyininternationalhumanrightsandrelatedinternationallawfields.He
alsoisknownasan“engagedscholar,”andforhisactivismandscholarshipbridging
human rights and environmental law he was awarded the honorary degree of
DoctorofLaws(LL.D.)byVermontLawSchoolin2009.
DavidBollierisanauthor,activist,andindependentscholarofthecommons.He
is the author or editor of twelve books, including four on various aspects of the
commons.Heisco-founderoftheCommonsStrategiesGroup,aninternational
consultingproject,andco-founderofPublicKnowledge,aWashingtonadvocacy
group for the public’s stake in copyright and Internet policies. Bollier is also
Senior Fellow at the Norman Lear Center at the USC Annenberg School for
Communication and Journalism, winner of the Bosch Prize in Public Policy at
the American Academy in Berlin (Fall 2012), and a longtime rapporteur for the
AspenInstitute.
Green Governance
ecological survival, human rights, and the
law of the commons
BURNS H. WESTON
TheUniversityofIowaCollegeofLaw
DAVID BOLLIER
CommonsStrategiesGroup
cambridgeuniversitypress
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Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107034365
(cid:2)C BurnsH.WestonandDavidBollier2013
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2013
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Weston,BurnsH.,1933–
Greengovernance:ecologicalsurvival,humanrights,andthelawofthecommons/BurnsH.
Weston,DavidBollier.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferences(p.)andindex.
isbn978-1-107-03436-5(hardback)
1.Environmentallaw–Philosophy. 2.Humanrights–Environmentalaspects.
3.Commons. 4.Globalcommons. 5.Environmentallaw,International–Philosophy.
6.Environmentalprotection–Internationalcooperation. 7.Environmentaljustice.
I.Bollier,David. II.Title.
k3585.w476
344.04(cid:3)6–dc23 2012029091
isbn978-1-107-03436-5Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurlsfor
externalorthird-partyInternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguarantee
thatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
Toourchildrenandtheirfamilies
Timothy,Leah,andEmma
Rebecca,Eduardo,Elijah,andIsabella
MalinandJohn
Martin,Linda,Olivia,andCecilia
Johannes,Cathrine,Sima,andJoar
SamuelandThomas
andallotherchildrenandgrandchildren
whowillhavetocontend
withtheAnthropoceneAge
Contents
Acknowledgments pageix
Prologue xiii
part i
1 TrendsThatPointTowardaNewSynthesis 3
A. TheTragedyoftheMarket 6
B. NewGovernanceModelsontheInternet 15
C. ImaginingNewTypesofGovernanceThatGoBeyond
MarketandState 20
2 TheHumanRighttoaCleanandHealthyEnvironment 27
3 TheQuestforaNewRights-BasedPathway 50
A. IntergenerationalEnvironmentalRights 51
B. Nature’sRights 57
C. FourSystemicComplications 68
4 MakingtheConceptualTransitiontotheNewParadigm 77
A. ThePowerofHumanRights 87
B. ThePotentialofVernacularLaw 104
C. TheNecessityofSelf-OrganizedGovernanceand
CollaborationinComplexAdaptiveSystems 112
part ii
5 TheCommonsasaModelforEcologicalGovernance 123
A. TheCharacteristicsofCommons 124
vii
viii Contents
B. ABriefHistoryofCommonsLawandtheRighttothe
Environment 131
C. SocialScientistsRediscovertheCommons 146
6 TheRiseoftheCommonsMovementGlobally 155
A. SalientContemporaryCommons 158
B. TensionsbetweenModernStateLawandtheCommons 173
7 ImaginingaNewArchitectureofLawandPolicytoSupport
theEcologicalCommons 179
A. InternalGovernancePrinciplesofCommons 181
B. Macro-PrinciplesandPoliciestoGuidetheState/Market
inSupportingtheCommonsSector 191
C. TheSpecialChallengeofLarge-ScaleEcological
Commons 204
8 CatalyticStrategiesforAchievingGreenGovernance 226
A. VernacularLawCommons 229
B. “PrivateLawWork-Arounds” 230
C. LocalismandMunicipalLawasaVehicleforProtecting
Commons 233
D. FederalandProvincialGovernmentsasSupportersof
CommonsFormationandExpansion 236
E. ExpandingandStrengtheningthePublicTrustDoctrine 238
F. StateTrusteeCommons 242
G. Eco-DigitalInnovations:Crowdsourcing,Participatory
Sensing,Wikis,andMore 243
H. EstablishingCommonsTruststoManageCommonAssets
andDistributeRevenues 245
I. StateCharteringofNewTypesofCommonsTrusts 248
J. NewTypesofMultilateralFrameworksThatCanManage
Large-ScaleCommon-PoolResources 252
Epilogue 261
Appendix:UniversalCovenantAffirmingaHumanRightto
Commons-andRights-BasedGovernanceofEarth’sNatural
WealthandResources 269
Addendum:TheInternationalLegalStatusoftheHumanRighttoa
CleanandHealthyEnvironment 285
BibliographyofPertinentBooks 337
Index 355
