Green gene technology: research in an area of social conflict

300 Pages·2007·5.32 MB·English

by  Arthur Einsele (auth.)

107
Advances in Biochemical
Engineering/Biotechnology
SeriesEditor:T.Scheper
EditorialBoard:
W.Babel·I.Endo·S.-O.Enfors·A.Fiechter·M.Hoare·W.-S.Hu
B.Mattiasson·J.Nielsen·H.Sahm·K.Schügerl·G.Stephanopoulos
U.vonStockar·G.T.Tsao·C.Wandrey·J.-J.Zhong
AdvancesinBiochemicalEngineering/Biotechnology
SeriesEditor:T.Scheper
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Green Gene Technology
ResearchinanAreaofSocialConflict
Volume Editors: Armin Fiechter · ChristofSautter
Withcontributionsby
P.Aerni·N.Arrigo·H.Bauser·J.B.vanBeilen
F.Bigler·H.Brunner·A.Einsele·F.Felber·C.Gessler
R.Guadagnuolo·F.Kessler·G.Kozlowski·M.Leisola
N.Malgras·M.P.Oeschger·A.Patocchi·M.-L.Plissonnier
Y.Poirier·J.Romeis·O.Sanvido·C.Sautter ·T.Schlaich
A.Schrell·C.E.Silva·B.Urbaniak·P.-A.Vidi·F.Widmer
123
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LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007922570
ISSN0724-6145
ISBN978-3-540-71321-0SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
DOI10.1007/978-3-540-71323-4
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VolumeEditors
Prof.Dr.ArminFiechter PDDr.ChristofSautter
InstituteofBiotechnology InstituteofPlantScience,
EidgenössischeTechnischeHochschule SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich
ETH-Hönggerberg Universitätsstr.2
8093Zürich,Switzerland 8092Zürich,Switzerland
ae.fi[email protected] [email protected]
EditorialBoard
Prof.Dr.W.Babel Prof.Dr.M.Hoare
SectionofEnvironmentalMicrobiology DepartmentofBiochemicalEngineering
Leipzig-HalleGmbH UniversityCollegeLondon
Permoserstraße15 TorringtonPlace
04318Leipzig,Germany London,WC1E7JE,UK
[email protected] [email protected]
Prof.Dr.S.-O.Enfors Prof.Dr.I.Endo
DepartmentofBiochemistryand SaitamaIndustrialTechnologyCenter
Biotechnology 3-12-18,KamiaokiKawaguchi-shi
RoyalInstituteofTechnology Saitama,333-0844,Japan
Teknikringen34, [email protected]
10044Stockholm,Sweden
[email protected] Prof.Dr.A.Fiechter
InstituteofBiotechnology
EidgenössischeTechnischeHochschule
ETH-Hönggerberg
8093Zürich,Switzerland
ae.fi[email protected]
VI EditorialBoard
Prof.Dr.W.-S.Hu Prof.Dr.J.Nielsen
ChemicalEngineering CenterforProcessBiotechnology
andMaterialsScience TechnicalUniversityofDenmark
UniversityofMinnesota Building223
421WashingtonAvenueSE 2800Lyngby,Denmark
Minneapolis,MN55455-0132,USA [email protected]
[email protected]
Prof.Dr.K.Schügerl
Prof.Dr.B.Mattiasson
InstituteofTechnicalChemistry
DepartmentofBiotechnology UniversityofHannover,Callinstraße3
ChemicalCenter,LundUniversity 30167Hannover,Germany
P.O.Box124,22100Lund,Sweden [email protected]
[email protected]
Prof.Dr.U.vonStockar
Prof.Dr.H.Sahm
LaboratoiredeGénieChimiqueet
InstituteofBiotechnolgy
Biologique(LGCB),DépartmentdeChimie
ForschungszentrumJülichGmbH
SwissFederalInstitute
52425Jülich,Germany
ofTechnologyLausanne
[email protected]
1015Lausanne,Switzerland
urs.vonstockar@epfl.ch
Prof.Dr.G.Stephanopoulos
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering Prof.Dr.C.Wandrey
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
InstituteofBiotechnology
Cambridge,MA02139-4307,USA
ForschungszentrumJülichGmbH
[email protected]
52425Jülich,Germany
[email protected]
Prof.Dr.G.T.Tsao
ProfessorEmeritus
PurdueUniversity
WestLafayette,IN47907,USA
[email protected]
[email protected]
Prof.Dr.J.-J.Zhong
Bio-Building#3-311
CollegeofLifeScience&Biotechnology
KeyLaboratoryofMicrobialMetabolism,
MinistryofEducation
ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity
800Dong-ChuanRoad
Minhang,Shanghai200240,China
[email protected]
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Preface
Greengenetechnology(GGT),understoodasapartofmodernbiotechnology,
has been on a steady, triumphal progression over the last ten years (ISAAA
2007,seethecontributionbyEinseleinthisissue).Thisvolume,jointlyedited
byProf.Fiechterandme,dealswithsomeactualscientificandsocio-economic
aspects with regard to genetically modified plants (GMP). Worldwide more
than 100 million hectares of agronomicalland are covered by GMP. This in-
cludes some prominent industrialised Western countries like the USA and
Canada,aseriesofthresholdcountrieslikeArgentina,Brazil,IndiaandChina,
andanumber ofdeveloping countries. Clearly, someofthesecountrieshave
todealwithcropplantproductionandhumannutritioninaverypragmatic
waysince,forexample, Indiahastofeedabouta1/5oftheworldpopulation
on about 3% of the arable land. In contrast, the situation in Europe appears
verydifferent. Foodsupply ismorethansufficient andcomparablyinexpen-
sive. This surplus of food is on one hand convenient, since starvation has
beenlargelyunknowninEuropeforabout50years,withonlycomparatively
fewexceptionsofsociallyperipheralindividuals. Ontheotherhanditmakes
thepopulationcarelessaboutthefuturefoodsupply.Evenbeyondmerefood
supply,Europegaineditsculturalvaluesfromitsagriculturalsuccessoverthe
centuries.Asinglefarmerbecameabletofeedmoreandmorepeoplemaking
themfreetoworkoutsideofagricultureasacraftsman,artist,poet,scientist,
engineer,mayor,administrativeofficial,priest,philosopher,orsoldier–togive
onlyafewexamples.Inthepublicperceptionthisconnectionbetweenagron-
omyandculturalwelfareisnotsufficientlyappreciatedinEurope.Switzerland,
geographicallyin the centre ofEurope (although not a member of the polit-
ical union) has the same cultural tradition, only somewhat shifted towards
themoreconservativemoodcommontomountainpopulations.Insummary,
amajorityofEuropeans,andtheSwisspopulationinparticular,arereluctant
tonewmethodsinagronomy.
Switzerlandisprobablytheonlycountryworldwidethathasamoratorium
onthecommercialgrowthofgeneticallymodifiedplantsinitsconstitution.In
contrast,themoratoriumforGMPintheEuropeanUnionbetween 1999and
2004 was not legally binding. In Switzerland it was thepopulation itself that
establishedthismoratoriumintofundamentallawbymeansofareferendum.
Moreover,allSwisslegislationaboutgenetechnology,theso-called“Genlex”,