Green Building : Project Planning and Cost Estimating

466 Pages·2011·43.74 MB·English

by  Staff

Green
Building:
Project Planning
& Cost Estimating
Third Edition
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2011 by RSMeans. All rights reserved.
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ISBN 978-0-87629-261-7
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ix
About the Contributors xi
Foreword xvii
Introduction xxi
Part 1: Green Building Concepts 1
Chapter 1: Green Building Approaches 3
Resource Effi ciency 6
Demolition/Construction Practices 13
Recycling 14
Environmental Sensitivity 14
Water/Landscape 18
Sewage Treatment 19
Designing for People: Health & Productivity 19
Green Building Hurdles 23
Conclusion 23
Chapter 2: Introduction to Green Building Materials & Systems 27
Green Material Alternatives by CSI Division 31
Alternative Materials 63
Conclusion 64
Chapter 3: Building Deconstruction 69
What Exactly is Deconstruction? 70
Who Performs Deconstruction? 71
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The Deconstruction Process 72
Economic Benefi ts 75
Cost Considerations 77
Conclusion 80
Chapter 4: Effi cient Use of Energy & Other Resources 83
Understanding Occupants’ Needs & Expectations 83
The Building Envelope & Systems Interactions 84
Energy Effi ciency Strategies 90
Electrical Power Generation 112
Renewable Energy & Distributed Generation Technologies 113
Water Conservation 115
Conclusion 119
Chapter 5: Solar Energy Systems 121
Background: Energy, Economics, Environment,
Health & Security 123
Energy Use in Different Types of Buildings 125
The Solar Resource 127
Passive Solar Heating 129
Cooling Load Avoidance 136
Photovoltaics 137
Solar Water Heating 145
Solar Ventilation Air Heating 151
Conclusion 154
Chapter 6: Wind Power 157
Applications & Concerns: An Overview 160
Other Considerations 161
Basic Criteria for Using a Wind System 161
Small Wind System Components 162
Evaluating the Local Wind Resource 163
Estimating the Cost of Wind Systems 163
Obstacles & Incentives 165
Building Permit Issues 166
Connecting Wind Systems to Utility Grids 168
Conclusion 170
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Chapter 7: Health, Comfort & Productivity 171
Indoor Air Quality 172
Thermal Comfort 182
Quality of Light 183
Water Quality 195
Noise Management 198
Furniture & Furnishings 200
Flooring & Wall Finishes 203
Carpeting, Rugs & Mattresses 203
Conclusion 204
Part 2: Designing, Specifying & Commissioning the
Green Building 207
Chapter 8: The Green Design Process & Associated Costs 209
Technology & Information Sharing 210
Team Building & Goal Setting 210
Cost of a LEED® Rating 211
The Design Team 211
The Building Program 214
Design Team Selection Criteria 216
Design Team Statement of Work 216
Costs of Energy Modeling 219
Schematic/Preliminary Design 220
Design Development 224
Construction Documents 226
Bid Solicitation & Contract Award 226
Construction 228
Operations & Maintenance 229
Measurement & Verifi cation 229
Establishing a Green Team in an Existing Facility 230
Conclusion 231
Chapter 9: Rating Systems, Standards & Guidelines 233
Whole Building Multiple Attribute Ratings 236
Whole Building Single Attribute Ratings 248
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Building Product Labels 251
Measurement & Management Standards 257
Conclusion 262
Chapter 10: Budgeting & Financing Construction 265
Initial Costs 267
Future Costs 268
Low-Cost Green Strategies 269
Cost Estimating Overview 274
Financial Analysis Introduction 282
Financing Options 283
Incentive Programs 286
Conclusion 292
Chapter 11: Specifying Green Products & Materials 295
Building Product Manufacturers & Green Products 296
What Are Green Products? 298
Who Selects Green Building Products? 301
When Are Green Products Selected? 302
A Green Product Checklist 303
Greening Your Firm 304
Conclusion 305
Chapter 12: Commissioning the Green Building 317
The Programming Phase 320
The Design Phase 320
The Construction Phase 326
The Acceptance Phase 330
The Post-Acceptance Phase 332
Conclusion 333
Part 3: Analyzing Economic & Environmental Impacts 335
Chapter 13: Economic Analysis & Green Buildings 337
Economic Effi ciency 338
Discounting 340
Study Period 341
Uncertainty & Risk 341
Measures of Economic Evaluation 341
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Supplementary Measures of Economic Evaluation 343
Basic Steps in LCC Analysis 344
Selection Criteria for Supplementary Measures 351
Computer-Supported LCC Analysis 352
Conclusion 354
Chapter 14: Evaluating Products Over Their Life Cycle 357
Measuring Environmental Performance 358
Measuring Economic vs Environmental Performance 364
Overall Performance: Economic & Environmental 367
Conclusion 371
Chapter 15: Evaluation, Analysis & Data Tools 375
Building Information Modeling 376
Whole Building Energy Evaluation 377
Energy-10™ 380
EnergyPlus™ 380
SPARK 380
HOT3000TM 381
Green Footstep 381
Building Systems Evaluation 381
Codes & Standards Compliance Evaluation 382
Life Cycle Analysis 383
Case Studies & Databases 384
Creating Project Cost Databases 385
Conclusion 386
Chapter 16: The Greening of Commercial Real Estate 387
The Role of Government 388
Owner/Investor Interests 390
Tenant Expectations 394
Factors Limiting the Adoption of Green 395
Green Investment Instruments 397
Conclusion 397
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Part 4: Case Studies 399
Appendix 413
Appendix A: HVAC Equipment Effi ciency Tables 413
Appendix B: Additional Information on
Standards & Guidelines 419
Resources 429
Glossary 439
Index 451
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Acknowledgments
T
he preparation of this book involved a team of
experts, support from industry organizations,
and input from a number of individuals. The
primary and contributing authors and reviewers are listed in the
“About the Contributors” section following these acknowledgments.
Others who provided guidance and assistance during various stages of
the book’s development are listed below.
We would like to particularly thank Building Design & Construction
and David Castelli of Design Cost Data for allowing permission to
reprint case studies originally published in the magazines. We also want
to express our gratitude to the National Association of Home Builders
Research Center for granting us permission to use information from
their organization.
We are grateful to the following organizations for allowing us to reprint
logos representing their green building standards and guidelines: the
American Lung Association, Building Green Inc., the Climate Neutral
Network, the Collaborative for High Performance Schools, the Forest
Stewardship Council, the Global Ecolabelling Network, the Green
Building Initiative, Greenguard, Green Seal, the International Living
Building Institute, the National Association of Home Builders, Natural
Resources Canada, the Natural Step, Rate It Green, TerraChoice
Environmental Marketing Inc., the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, and the U.S. Green Building Council.
Finally, we would like to acknowledge the many organizations and
businesses that granted us permission to reprint photographs of their
green projects, including: Abundant Renewable Energy in Newberg,
Oregon, and Marty Aikens, Business Agent at IBEW, Boston,
Massachusetts, for their wind turbine photos; Ann Grimes of the City
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of Dallas Offi ce of Economic Development for brownfi eld rejuvenation
photos; Pat Bellestri of Soledad Canyon Earth Builders for photographs
of the company’s rammed earth homes; Sarnafi l for refl ective roof
photos; Whitman-Hanson Regional High School and Selectman Jim
Armstrong for allowing us to photograph the school; the International
Dark-Sky Association for photographs representing responsible
nighttime lighting; and the landscape architect of Chicago City Hall’s
living roof, the Conservation Design Forum, for providing images
of that project. Special thanks to the Federal Energy Management
Program (FEMP) for their effi ciency recommendations tables, and
James Ziobro, PE, of Griffi th & Vary Engineers for his rainwater
recovery system drawing.
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