Table Of ContentPraiseforGrayHatHacking:TheEthicalHacker’sHandbook,SecondEdition
“GrayHatHacking,SecondEditiontakesaverypracticalandappliedapproachtolearning
howtoattackcomputersystems.TheauthorsarepastBlackHatspeakers,trainers,and
DEF CON CtF winners who know what they are talking about.”
—Jeff Moss
Founder and Director of Black Hat
“ThesecondeditionofGrayHatHackingmoveswellbeyondcurrent‘introtohacking’
booksandpresentsawellthought-outtechnicalanalysisofethicalhacking.Although
thebookiswrittensothateventheuninitiatedcanfollowitwell,itreallysucceedsby
treatingeverytopicindepth;offeringinsightsandseveralrealisticexamplestoreinforce
eachconcept.Thetoolsandvulnerabilityclassesdiscussedareverycurrentandcanbe
used to template assessments of operational networks.”
—Ronald C. Dodge Jr., Ph.D.
Associate Dean, Information and Education Technology, United States Military Academy
“An excellent introduction to the world of vulnerability discovery and exploits. The
toolsandtechniquescoveredprovideasolidfoundationforaspiringinformationsecu-
rity researchers, and the coverage of popular tools such as the Metasploit Framework
gives readers the information they need to effectively use these free tools.”
—Tony Bradley
CISSP, Microsoft MVP, About.com Guide for Internet/Network Security,
http://netsecurity.about.com
“GrayHatHacking,SecondEditionprovidesbroadcoverageofwhatattackingsystemsis
allabout.Writtenbyexpertswhohavemadeacomplicatedproblemunderstandableby
eventhenovice,GrayHatHacking,SecondEditionisafantasticbookforanyonelooking
to learn the tools and techniques needed to break in and stay in.”
—Bruce Potter
Founder, The Shmoo Group
“Asasecurityprofessionalandlecturer,Igetaskedalotaboutwheretostartinthesecu-
rity business, and I point them to Gray Hat Hacking. Even for seasoned professionals
whoarewellversedinonearea,suchaspentesting,butwhoareinterestedinanother,
likereverseengineering,Istillpointthemtothisbook.Thefactthatasecondeditionis
coming out is even better, as it is still very up to date. Very highly recommended.”
—Simple Nomad
Hacker
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Download-from-harks/124201754417002
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
ShonHarris,MCSE,CISSP,isthepresidentofLogicalSecurity,aneducatorandsecurity
consultant.SheisaformerengineeroftheU.S.AirForceInformationWarfareunitand
has published several books and articles on different disciplines within information
security.Shonwasalsorecognizedasoneofthetop25womenininformationsecurity
byInformation Security Magazine.
Allen Harper, CISSP, is the president and owner of n2netSecurity, Inc. in North
Carolina.HeretiredfromtheMarineCorpsafter20years.Additionally,hehasservedas
a security analyst for the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service,
Computer Security Incident Response Center (IRS CSIRC). He speaks and teaches at
conferences such as Black Hat.
ChrisEagleistheassociatechairmanoftheComputerScienceDepartmentattheNaval
PostgraduateSchool(NPS)inMonterey,California.Acomputerengineer/scientistfor
22years,hisresearchinterestsincludecomputernetworkattackanddefense,computer
forensics,andreverse/anti-reverseengineering.HecanoftenbefoundteachingatBlack
Hat or playing capture the flag at Defcon.
Jonathan Ness, CHFI, is a lead software security engineer at Microsoft. He and his
coworkers ensure that Microsoft’s security updates comprehensively address reported
vulnerabilities. He also leads the technical response of Microsoft’s incident response
processthatisengagedtoaddresspubliclydisclosedvulnerabilitiesandexploitstarget-
ingMicrosoftsoftware.Heservesoneweekendeachmonthasasecurityengineerina
reserve military unit.
Disclaimer:TheviewsexpressedinthisbookarethoseoftheauthorandnotoftheU.S.govern-
mentortheMicrosoftCorporation.
About the Technical Editor
Michael Baucom is a software engineer working primarily in the embedded software
area.Themajorityofthelasttenyearshehasbeenwritingsystemsoftwareandtoolsfor
networkingequipment;however,hisrecentinterestsarewithinformationsecurityand
morespecificallysecuringsoftware.Heco-taughtExploiting101atBlackHatin2006.
Forfun,hehasenjoyedparticipatingincapturetheflagatDefconforthelasttwoyears.
Gray Hat
Hacking
TheEthicalHacker’s
Handbook
Second Edition
Shon Harris, Allen Harper, Chris Eagle,
and Jonathan Ness
New York • Chicago • San Francisco • Lisbon
London • Madrid • Mexico City • Milan • New Delhi
San Juan • Seoul • Singapore • Sydney • Toronto
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Download-from-harks/124201754417002
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as
permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form
or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
0-07-159553-8
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149568-1.
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a
trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of
infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate
training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212)
904-4069.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to
the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store
and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative
works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s
prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly
prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR
WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED
FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA
HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your
requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you
or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom.
McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall
McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that
result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This
limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or
otherwise.
DOI: 10.1036/0071495681
Professional
Want to learn more?
We hope you enjoy this
McGraw-Hill eBook! If
you’d like more information about this book,
its author, or related books and websites,
please click here.
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Download-from-harks/124201754417002
To my loving and supporting husband, David Harris,
who has continual patience with me as I take
on all of these crazy projects!—Shon Harris
To the service members forward deployed around the world.
Thank you for your sacrifice.—Allen Harper
To my wife, Kristen, for all of the support she has given me
through this and my many other endeavors!—Chris Eagle
To Jessica, the most amazing and beautiful person
I know.—Jonathan Ness
This page intentionally left blank
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Download-from-harks/124201754417002
CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
Part I Introduction to Ethical Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1 Ethics of Ethical Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 2 Ethical Hacking and the Legal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 3 Proper and Ethical Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Part II Penetration Testing and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Chapter 4 Using Metasploit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Chapter 5 Using the BackTrack LiveCD Linux Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Part III Exploits 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Chapter 6 Programming Survival Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Chapter 7 Basic Linux Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Chapter 8 Advanced Linux Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Chapter 9 Shellcode Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Chapter 10 Writing Linux Shellcode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Chapter 11 Basic Windows Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Part IV Vulnerability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Chapter 12 Passive Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Chapter 13 Advanced Static Analysis with IDA Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Chapter 14 Advanced Reverse Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Chapter 15 Client-Side Browser Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Chapter 16 Exploiting Windows Access Control Model for
Local Elevation of Privilege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Chapter 17 Intelligent Fuzzing with Sulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Chapter 18 From Vulnerability to Exploit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Chapter 19 Closing the Holes:Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
vii
Gray Hat Hacking:The Ethical Hacker’s Handbook
viii
Part V Malware Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Chapter 20 Collecting Malware and Initial Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Chapter 21 Hacking Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Download-from-harks/124201754417002
