Gravel-Bed Rivers: Processes, Tools, Environments

585 Pages·2012·14.674 MB·English

G -
RAVEL BED RIVERS
G - :
RAVEL BED RIVERS
, ,
PROCESSES TOOLS
ENVIRONMENTS
Edited by
Michael Church Andre´ G. Roy
DepartmentofGeography De´partement de ge´ographie
The Universityof British Columbia Universite´ de Montre´al
Vancouver, British Columbia,Canada Montre´al, Que´bec, Canada
Pascale M. Biron
DepartmentofGeography,Planning
and Environment, ConcordiaUniversity
Montreal,Quebec, Canada
with Associate Editors
Peter Ashmore Thomas Buffin-Be´langer
DepartmentofGeography De´partement de biologie, chimie et
University of Western Ontario ge´ographie,Universite´ de Que´bec
London,Ontario,Canada a` Rimouski,Rimouski, Que´bec,Canada
Normand Bergeron Colin Rennie
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Departmentof Civil Engineering
Centre Eau-Terre-Environnement, St.Foy, University ofOttawa
Que´bec,Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Gravelbedrivers:processes,tools,environments/editedbyMichaelChurch,
PascaleBiron,Andre´G.Roy;withassociateeditorsPeterAshmore...[etal.].
p.cm.
ISBN978-0-470-68890-8(cloth)
1. Riverchannels. I.Church,MichaelAnthony,1942-II.Biron,Pascale.
III.Roy,Andre´G.IV.Ashmore,Peter.
TC175.G7652012
551.48’3–dc23 2011025981
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Setin9.25/11ptTimesNewRomanbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India
FirstImpression2012
Contents
ListofContributingAuthors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
SECONDARY FLOWS IN RIVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 SecondaryFlowsinRivers:TheoreticalFramework,RecentAdvances,
andCurrentChallenges,VladimirNikoraandAndre´ G.Roy. . . . . . . . 3
2 SecondaryFlowsinRivers:TheEffectofComplex
Geometry,BruceMacVicar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 AspectsofSecondaryFlowinOpenChannels:ACriticalLiterature
Review,Athanasios(Thanos)N.Papanicolaou . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4 GravelTransportinGranularPerspective,PhilippeFrey
andMichaelChurch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5 OnGravelExchangeinNaturalChannels,JudithK.Haschenburger . . . . 56
MODELLING MORPHODYNAMICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6 MorphodynamicsofBarsinGravel-bedRivers:BridgingAnalytical
ModelsandFieldObservations,GuidoZolezzi,WalterBertoldi,
andMarcoTubino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
7 FieldObservationsofGravel-bedRiverMorphodynamics:Perspectives
andCriticalIssuesforTestingofModels,NicolaSurian . . . . . . . . 90
8 MorphodynamicsofBarsinGravel-bedRivers:CouplingHydraulic
GeometryandAnalyticalModels,RobertG.Millar . . . . . . . . . . 96
9 ModellingSedimentTransportandMorphodynamics
ofGravel-bedRivers,ErikMosselman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
10 ThePotentialofusingHigh-resolutionProcessModelstoInform
ParameterizationsofMorphodynamicModels,RichardJ.Hardy . . . . . 116
11 TheImportanceofOff-channelSedimentStoragein1-D
MorphodynamicModelling,J.WesleyLauer . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
RIVER RESTORATIONAND REGULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
12 StreamRestorationinGravel-bedRivers,PeterR.Wilcock . . . . . . . 137
vi CONTENTS
13 RiverRestoration:WideningPerspectives,NicholasJ.Clifford . . . . . . 150
14 RestoringGeomorphicResilienceinStreams,NoahP.Snyder . . . . . . 160
15 TheGeomorphicResponseofGravel-bedRiverstoDams:Perspectives
andProspects,GordonE.Grant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
16 MitigatingDownstreamEffectsofDams,DavidGaeuman . . . . . . . 182
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GRAVEL-BED RIVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
17 RiverGeomorphologyandSalmonidHabitat:SomeExamples
IllustratingtheirComplexAssociation,fromReddtoRiverscape
Scales,MichelLapointe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
18 IncorporatingSpatialContextintotheAnalysisofSalmonid–Habitat
Relations,ChristianE.Torgersen,ColdenV.Baxter,JosephL.Ebersole,
andRobertE.Gresswell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
19 AnimalsandtheGeomorphologyofGravel-bedRivers,StephenP.Rice,
MatthewF.Johnson,andIanReid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
20 GeomorphologyandGravel-bedRiverEcosystemServices:Workshop
Outcomes,NormandBergeronandJoannaEyquem . . . . . . . . . . 242
TOOLS FOR STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
21 RemoteSensingoftheHydraulicEnvironmentinGravel-bed
Rivers,W.AndrewMarcus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
22 LiDARandADCPUseinGravel-bedRivers:Advances
SinceGBR6,DavidJ.MilanandGeorgeL.Heritage. . . . . . . . . . 286
23 RemotelySensedTopographicChangeinGravelRiverbedswithFlowing
Channels,D.MurrayHicks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
24 ModernDigitalInstrumentsandTechniquesforHydrodynamic
andMorphologicCharacterizationofRiverChannels,MarianMuste,
DongsuKim,andVenkateshMerwade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
25 MappingWaterandSedimentFluxDistributionsinGravel-bedRivers
UsingADCPs,ColinD.Rennie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
STEEP CHANNELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
26 RecentAdvancesintheDynamicsofSteepChannels,FrancescoComiti
andLucaMao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
27 ExaminingIndividualStepStabilitywithinStep-pool
Sequences,JoannaCroweCurran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
28 AlluvialSteepChannels:FlowResistance,BedloadTransportPrediction,
andTransitiontoDebrisFlows,DieterRickenmann. . . . . . . . . . 386
SEMI-ALLUVIAL CHANNELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
29 Semi-alluvialChannelsandSediment-Flux-DrivenBedrock
Erosion,JensM.Turowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
30 TransportCapacity,BedrockExposure,andProcess
Domains,ThomasE.Lisle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
31 Nomenclature,Complexity,Semi-alluvialChannelsand
Sediment-flux-drivenBedrockErosion,LyubovV.Meshkova,PaulA.Carling,
andThomasBuffin-Be´langer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
CONTENTS vii
RIVER CHANNEL CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
32 ChangesinChannelMorphologyOverHuman
TimeScales,JohnM.Buffington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
33 ChannelResponseandRecoverytoChangesinSediment
Supply,MarwanA.HassanandAndre´ E.Zimmermann. . . . . . . . . 464
34 AlluvialLandscapeEvolution:WhatDoWeKnowAboutMetamorphosis
ofGravel-bedMeanderingandBraidedStreams?,Franc¸oisMe´tivier
andLaurieBarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
35 DifferencesinSedimentSupplytoBraidedandSingle-Thread
RiverChannels:WhatDotheDataTellUs?,JohnPitlick,ErichR.Mueller,
andCatalinaSegura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
36 CanWeLinkCauseandEffectinLandscapeEvolution?,ThomasJ.Coulthard
andMarcoJ.VanDeWiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
ICEIN GRAVEL-BED RIVERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
37 River-IceEffectsonGravel-BedChannels,RobertEttema
andEdwardW.Kempema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
38 IsThereaNorthernSignatureonFluvialForm?,JamesP.McNamara . . . 541
39 Long-termandLarge-scaleRiver-iceProcessesinCold-region
Watersheds,EtienneBoucher,YvesBe´gin,DominiqueArseneault,
andTahaB.M.J.Ouarda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
List of Contributing Authors
Note:Bold names indicate the corresponding authors
DominiqueArseneault
(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:3)
Departement de biologie,chimie etgeographie, UniversiteduQuebeca Rimouski,
(cid:2)
Rimouski,Quebec, [email protected]
Laurie Barrier
Institut du Physique du Globe de Paris, Jussieu, Paris, France. [email protected]
Colden V.Baxter
Idaho StateUniversity, Pocatello,Idaho, USA. [email protected]
(cid:2)
YvesBegin
InstitutNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,CentreEau-Terre-Environnement,St.Foy,
(cid:2)
Quebec, [email protected]
Normand Bergeron
(cid:2)
Institutnationaldelarecherchescientifique,CentreEau-Terre-Environnement,Quebec,
Canada [email protected]
Walter Bertoldi
School ofGeography,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK and
Dipartimentodi Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, University of Trento, Trento Italy.
[email protected]
Pascale M. Biron
DepartmentofGeography, Planning and Environment,ConcordiaUniversity,
Montreal,Quebec, Canada
Etienne Boucher
(cid:2)
CEREGE, EuropoleMediterraneen de l’Arbois,Aix-en-Provence,France.
[email protected]
x LISTOFCONTRIBUTINGAUTHORS
(cid:2)
Thomas Buffin-Belanger
(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:3)
Departement de biologie,chimie etgeographie, UniversiteduQuebeca Rimouski,
(cid:2)
Rimouski,Quebec, [email protected]
John M. Buffington
USDA Forest Service, Rocky MountainResearch Station, Boise, Idaho,USA.
[email protected]
Paul A.Carling
Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
[email protected]
Michael Church
DepartmentofGeography, The Universityof British Columbia,Vancouver, British
Columbia, [email protected]
Nicholas J.Clifford
DepartmentofGeography, King’s College, London,UK. [email protected]
Francesco Comiti
FacultyofScienceandTechnology,FreeUniversityofBozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy.
[email protected]
Thomas J. Coulthard
DepartmentofGeography, University of Hull, Hull, UK. [email protected]
Joanna Crowe Curran
DepartmentofCiviland EnvironmentalEngineering, Universityof Virginia,
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [email protected]
Joseph L. Ebersole
USEnvironmental ProtectionAgency,National Health andEnvironmental
Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis,Oregon,USA.
[email protected]
Robert Ettema
Civil andArchitectural Engineering Department, Universityof Wyoming,Laramie,
Wyoming USA. [email protected]
JoannaEyquem
ParishGeomorphicLtd.,Mississauga,Ontario,[email protected]
Philippe Frey
(cid:2)
CEMAGREF,Unite de recherche Erosion Torrentielle,Neigeet Avalanches,
(cid:3)
Saint-Martin-d’Heres,France. [email protected]
David Gaeuman
Trinity River Restoration Program, Weaverville California, USA. [email protected]
LISTOFCONTRIBUTINGAUTHORS xi
Gordon E. Grant
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvalllis, Oregon, USA.
[email protected]
Robert E.Gresswell
USGeologicalSurvey,NorthernRockyMountainScienceCenter,Bozeman,Montana,
USA. [email protected]
Richard J. Hardy
DepartmentofGeography,DurhamUniversity,Durham,[email protected]
Judith K.Haschenburger
DepartmentofGeologicalSciences,UniversityofTexasatSanAntonio,SanAntonio,
Texas, USA. [email protected]
Marwan A. Hassan
DepartmentofGeography, The Universityof British Columbia,Vancouver, British
Columbia, [email protected]
George L.Heritage
JBAConsulting, The Bank QuayHouse, Sankey St., Warrington,UK.
[email protected]
D.Murray Hicks
NIWA, Christchurch,New Zealand. [email protected]
Matthew F.Johnson
DepartmentofGeography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire,
UK. [email protected]
Edward W.Kempema
Civil andArchitectural Engineering Department, Universityof Wyoming, Laramie,
Wyoming USA. [email protected]
Dongsu Kim
DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,DankookUniversity,Kyunggido,
Korea. [email protected]
Michel Lapointe
(cid:2)
DepartmentofGeography, McGill University, Montreal,Quebec, Canada.
[email protected]
J.Wesley Lauer
DepartmentofCiviland EnvironmentalEngineering, Seattle University, Seattle,
Washington, USA. [email protected]
Thomas E. Lisle
USDA Forest Service, Redwood SciencesLaboratory, Arcata,California, USA.
[email protected]
xii LISTOFCONTRIBUTINGAUTHORS
Bruce MacVicar
DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,
Ontario,[email protected]
Luca Mao
FacultyofScienceandTechnology,FreeUniversityofBozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy.
[email protected]
W. Andrew Marcus
DepartmentofGeography, University of Oregon,Eugene, Oregon, USA.
[email protected]
James P. McNamara
DepartmentofGeosciences, Boise StateUniversity, Boise, Idaho, USA.
[email protected]
Venkatesh Merwade
School ofCivil Engineering,Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana,USA.
[email protected]
Lyubov V. Meshkova
Geographyand Environment,University ofSouthampton, Southampton, UK.
[email protected]
Franc¸ois Me´tivier
Institut du Physique du Globe de Paris, Jussieu, Paris, France. [email protected]
David J. Milan
DepartmentofNaturalandSocialSciences,UniversityofGloucestershire,Cheltenham,
Gloucestershire, UK. [email protected]
Robert G. Millar
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,TheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver,British
Columbia, [email protected]
ErikMosselman
InlandWaterSystemsUnit,DeltaresandFacultyofCivilEngineeringandGeosciences,
Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. [email protected]
Erich R.Mueller
GeographyDepartment, University ofColorado, Boulder,Colorado, USA.
[email protected]
Marian Muste
IIHR-Hydroscience&EngineeringandCivil&EnvironmentalEngineeringDepartment,
The Universityof Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,USA. [email protected]