Grammatica Serica recensa

171 Pages·1957·23.02 MB·English

by  Bernhard Karlgren

BERNHARD KARLGREN
GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA
REPRINTED FROM
THE MUSEUM OF F AB EASTERN ANTIQUITIES, BULLETIN 29
STOCKHOLM 1957
/6 7 .~· ,_)
BERNHARD KARLGREN
GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA
\
1.
l
REPRINTED FROM
THE l\IUSEUlU OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES, BULLETIN 29
STOCiiHOLM 1957
..
GRAMMATA SERICA RECEN SA
BY
BERNHARD KARLGREN
INTRODUCTION
It was in the Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 12, 1940, that
the Grammata Serica was first published. This edition is now exhausted, and it
has seemed desirable to issue a new edition.l)
For several reasons, however, a mere reprint was out of the question; a thorough
revision, embod:ying a multitude of new facts, has been found indispensable. In
fact, the presen_t version is to a large extent a new work; hence the new title:
Grammata Serica Recensa. It has been included in our Bulletin 29 in order to
furnish all subscribers to our Bulletins with the new work, which is to supplant
the older one, now obsolete in certain respects. The principal modifications are
of two kinds.
In the first place, the classical texts contain a great number of words and phrases
the m.eanings of which are in dispute and have been the subject of many learned
discussions by Chinese philologists. In giving my definitions of meanings in the
G. S. of 1940 I could follow neither Couvreur nor Legge. Couvreur accepted
slavishly the interpretations of the Sung school, although these have very often
been conclusively refuted by eminent Ts'ing scholars. Legge picked out at random
his interpretations from various commen_taries of Sung, Yiian rtnd Ming times
with almost as little consideration of the Ts'ing philology as Couvreur's. The
Chinese dictionaries gave just as little help. The K'ang hi tsi tien as well as the
modern Ts''i yuan merely repeated the ordinary orthodox glosses without regard
to the brilliant Chinese researches of the 18th and 19th centuries.2
)
I had, in 1940, no other expedient than to follow faithfully the Han time scholars
and commentators, nearest in time (and thus in tradition) to the creative Chou
era. In the years since 1940, however, I have published the results of extensive
1) In the very same year (1940) that the Grmnmata Serica was published in Sweden, a pirated edition
of it (a photographic reprint) was published in Peking without my permission or knowledge.
2) The more recent Ts'i hai is somewhat better in this respect, but only occasionally does it draw
upon the foremost Ts'ing scholars, ancl it is thus far from satisfactory; to a large extent it repeats
uncritically word definitions from various early glossists refuted long ago by the best Chinese philo
logists.
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BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA
researches in the earliest Chinese classical texts (Shi: king and Shu king),!) On gives erroneous information even in this respect). Ts''i ylian is deplorably faulty
scores of moot points my conclusions (based on a discussion of the best Ts'ing in regard to the readings. Ts'1 hai is somewhat better, but like its predecessors it
researches on the one hand and on linguistic arguments of my own on the other) draws, in its readings, upon all kinds of heterogeneous sources quite uncritically,
have led me to reject the traditional interpretations and introduce different ones. not realizing the necessity of keeping within one school of tradition, with the
A new edition of the G. S. had necessarily to take these results of mine into account, readings based on one and the same ancient pronunciation, for instance that of
and so the definitions of meanings in the dictionary often diverge radically from the Capital as opposed to that of dialectal areas, in order to obtain a consistent,
those in the first edition. I have found it useful to give full references to the systematic result.1
)
argumentations in my critical works on the Shi: and the Shu.2) Fortunately it is possible to obtain a perfectly consistent set of readings for all
I always indicate the source of a meaning given (Shi:, Shu, Lunyii etc.) These the words occurring in the classics, in their various meanings. This is because we
data are necessarily brief, and the student who wishes fuller references has to have two excellent sources: firstly the Ts'ie yiin dictionary published in 601 A. D.,2)
turn, in the first place, to the excellent Index works published by the Harvard and secondly the King tien shi: wen by Lu Te-ming (died about 630 A. D.). These
Yenching Institute, and, secondly, to the Shuo \Will t'ung hun ting sheng by Chu two sources are based on one and the same ancient pronunciation, that of the
Tsun-sheng or similar works. Capital Ch'ang-an, and they supplement each other exceedingly well. In our
In the second place, I have filled a serious void in the first version. vVe can present GSR. we keep strictly within the Ts'ie_yiin-Shi:wen tradition, and we do
know very little of the tones in Archaic Chinese, and since my primary interest not mix up with data of these consistent and precious sources any extraneous
in 1940 was to show what a fine key the archaic pronunciation gives to the phonetic matter from unrelated sources like the Tsi yiin of Sung time, or the Cheng yiin
compounds (h i e she n g) of the script, despite our ignorance of the tones; I of early ~fing time, as all previous lexicographers, both Chinese and Western, have
left the words bare of any tone marks at all. To every linguist, however, it is of done.
great interest to find registered what we really do know about the tones, and as The letters used in our GSR. for designating Arch. and Anc. Chin. sounds are
far as Ancient Chinese (the language of the Ts'ie ylin, around 600 A. D.) is as follows:
concerned, we have a detailed knowledge of them. Consequently, I have inserted
here the Anc. Ch. tones of every character, not only its tone with its principal
Consonants:
meaning, such as is recorded in the Ts'ie y1in (with T'ang y1in and Kuang yiin),
but also the tone variations it has undergone when used with other shades of
Voiceless: Voiced:
meaning or as k i a t s i e (phonetic loan character). In order to obtain all these
Gutturals k, Tc', X g, g', ng, y
facts I have had to refer constantly to the passages in the classics where it occurs Palatals t, t ', s, ts, ts' a, a·, n, j, z, di', nz
and from there to the sound glosses of Lu Le-min.g (in the King tien shl wen, here
Dentals t, t', s, ts, ts' d, d', n, l, r, z, dz, dz'
called Sruwen).
On the whole, a great amount of work has been devoted to the Ancient and Supradentals ~' t~, t~' d(
Labials p, p' b, b', m, w
Archaic readings generally, not only their tones. Curiously enough, there is not a
Laryngals · ('iu) 0 (iu).
Chinese or V\Testern dictionary which, in regard to the readings, has not mixed
up data of the most heterogeneous kinds. They are all, therefore, misleading on K', g' etc. are aspirates; X= Germ. ach, y =North-German g in wagen (fricative); t
numerous points. You cannot draw indiscriminately on the Kuang yiin, the Tsi
etc. are formed like the Ital. c in citta with the predorsum against the alveoli; the laryngal
yiin, the Yiin huei and the Cheng ylin, as all predecessors have done. The safest of '('j1t) is the ))Knacklaut)> in Germ. 'Eclce; no initalletter: 0 (i_u) is a smooth vocalic ingress,
them all is, to this day, the K'ang hi ts'i tien, since it at least indicates from which as in Engl. aim.
mediaeval dictionary it has borrowed each separate reading (though sometimes it
1) A single example: for i]i 'slice of meat' (Liki: Shao yi) Ts'i hai gives the reading fN: ~ zid . e. J'fiip
1) Bernhard Karlgren, Glosses on the Kuo feng Odes, Bull. 14, 1942; Glosses on the Siao ya Odes (c he), whereas the correct reading, according to the authoritative King tien shiwen, is ~ id. e.
Bull. 16, 1944; Glosses on theTa ya and Sung Odes, Bull. 18, 1946; Glosses on the Book of Documents t#iip ( c he). For its aberrant reading {l'i_iip it bases itself upon Cheng tsi t'ung (a dictionary first
Bull. 20, 1948; Glosses on the Book of Documents II, Bull. 21, 1949.
published in 1705 A. D.!) quoted in K'ang hi tsi tien.
•) My Glosses on these works (see the preceding note) are numbered in a continuous sequence, so
2) With its enlarged versions T'ang ytin and Kuang yiin. The useful compilation Shi yiin huei pien
that a reference here such as »Gl. 155>) ( = Gloss 155) or >)Gls. 306, 892» ( = Glosses 306 and 892) will contains various important Ts'ie yiin and T'ang yiin fragmentary manuscripts and the complete
take the reader who has these available directly to the gloss or glosses in question.
Kuang yful.
2
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BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERIGA REGENSA
Vowels: the simple expedient of leaving even-tone words without any tone mark at all
c1 as in French pate; (e. g. )... {izien), and .to indicate rising tone by a colon after the word (ii kno:) and
a as in French patte;
lf = short d; the falling tone by a hyphen (fi,~ tdi-).
a as e in Germ. Knabe;
e as in French ete; With the aid of the An c. Chin. tones the modern Mandarin tones can be concluded
a as in Germ. Biir; in a majority of cases, according to the following rules:
E a still more open, slack ii-sound (Engl. man); A. Unmarked Anc. forms (i. e. p' in g she n g) give Mandarin Tone 1, if
·D as in Engl. b7d;
the Anc. form had a voiceless initial (see p. 3 above), but Mand. Tone 2, if the
i as ee in Engl. bee;
o as in Genu. Sommer; Anc. form had a voiced initial:
o
as in French beau; :Oii *to I tno / t u1 u;JJ *d'o I d'uo 1t ' u2
9 = short 6; r!J.i t'ang 1t 'ling 1t ' an g1 f.lf *d'dng I d'dng f t' an g2
t1!1 a=s iann Eonpgeln. ova aluse ;i n Engl. law; ~fl *sf.ang Jsjang I s i an g1 ~ *dziang / zjang / s i a n g2
~~ as in Engl. Tude;
il, e, 0 =short ft, e, o; B. Anc. forms marked with a hyphen (k' ii she n g) always give Mand. Tone 4.
~' ~' ~ =subordinate vowels in diphtongs or triphtongs. :k *t'ad 1t 'di- 1t ' a i1
Ji!. *kian / kien- I k i e n4
For each reading of a character in the dictionary we give a triple form:
A *n1"en l1iiien I j e n C. Anc. forms marked with a colon (shan g she n g) give Mand. Tone 3,
t; *ko f kuo: f k u if they l1ad a voiceless initial (seep. 3 above) or ng-, n-, j-, n-, l-, m-; but they give
7.W *tad 1t ui- 1t a i ]\{and. Tone 4, if they had the remaining voiced initials (i. e. voiced explosiYes,
affricates and fricatives):
The first, with the asterisk, is the Archaic form (early Chou); the middle one is i; *ko ( lnw: 1k ua fi *g'o I yuo: I h u4
Ancient Chin. (the language of Ch'ang-an around 600 A. D.); the third is modern :fifl *pwo / puo: I Jl u3 fti~ *b'o I b'uo: I p u1
1\'I:andarin. ~M tsfan / tsfJin-: I t s i e n3 ~ *dz'jan J dz'iiin: / t s i e n4
The reader may well ask: how do we know how the words were pronounced in *:1!1 * t' an 1 t'un: 1t ' a n3 1!! *d'an d'dn: f t a n4
Arch. and Anc. Chinesd The answer is given in my work Compendium of Phonetics ih'f= **us~iiann- 1(I 1s~iiaein.-: (/ sm i ej3 n3 ¥;Jf&. **dd'iiaonr di!'iiieni:: fI ts ih4 a n4
in Ancient and Archaic Chinese, BMFEA 26, 1954, pp. 211-367.1) In that extensive 1t! *lfag f lji: jl i3 jjl~ *dziJg zi: 1s 14
paper I have given the proofs for my reconstructions, step by step, and in no single ix *n1·o j1iiwo: j n iP 1JI *g'io / g'jwo: I k ii4
case is a reconstruction propounded without a reason being clearly stated. The
reason given may sometimes seem not to be an absolutely conclusive proof, but, How the Anc. forms ending in -p, -t, -lc (j u she n g words) have been distributed
at least, no mndom guesses about >>ancient sounds>> are made in my reconstructive over the :Mandarin tones cannot be read of£ in this book.
system (as they are in so many other attempts). The best confirmation of my The Chinese script of our time is a technically modified version of the so-called
Archaic system is that it allows of a natural and organic evolutionary scheme s i a o chua n >>Small Seal» style made obligatory in 213 B. C. (in the present
from Arch. to Anc. Chinese; and that this Anc. Chin. of Ts'ie yiin was a true mirror 'vork simply called >>Seal>>). The earlier script forms of the Yin and Chou eras
·Of a living language (that of Ch'ang-an) and not an artificially established compromise known tln-ough inscriptions on tortoise shell, bone and bronze are frequently very
between various dialects of Suei time is proved by the fact that the great majority different from the Seal forms, and one and the same graph was often varied widely
·Of the widely divergent modern dialects can be systematically and logically derived in its details. I have quoted here only a small selection of such early forms, and
from it as their ancient mother language'. exclusively such as are of direct interest as prototypes of the later Seal forms and
In Anc. Chin. there was the tone distinction between JJ' in g she n g (even modern normalized characters. A great many of the most important bronze
tone): s h a n g s h eng (rising tone): k' ii she n g (falling tone). I have used inscriptions can be dated within fairly narrow limits (see B. Karlgren, Yin and
Chou in Chinese Bronzes, BMFEA 8); hence it has been possible to assign an
1) .·Uso available as a separate book. approximate date to the pre-Han graphs cited. The signum Chou I for an Archaic
5
BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA
BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES
graph means that it is attested in an inscription from the period 1027 - circa Chengsung Cheng sung t'ang tsi ku yi wen;
Chengts'iu Cheng ts'iu kuan ki kin t'u;
900 B. C.; Chou II means c. 900 - c. 770; Chou III means c. 770 - c. 450; Chou The George Eumorfopoulos collection of Chinese and Korean Bronzes
Eumorf.
IV means c. 450-c. 250 B. C. In other cases we have to be satisfied with wider .... 1929, 1930;
limits: Chou Ifii means that the inscription in question falls within the period Huaimi Huai mi shan fang ki kin t'u;
K'i ku shi k i kin wen shu;
1027-c. 770, and so forth. 1>Chom> (no.t followed by Roman figures) means that K'i
K'ia chai tsi ku lu;
we can only know that it falls within the Chou era, and l>pre-Ham> that it is anterior K'ia
Kiin Ki.in ku lu kin wen;
to the normalization of the script in 213 B. C.
:Mengwei Meng wei ts'ao t'ang ki kin t'u;
Faoyiin. Pao yi.in lou yi k'i t'u lu;
Santai San tai ki kin wen ts'1m;
ARCHAIC GRAPHS Senolm Senoku seisho (Surnitomo cat.);
Shan Shan chai ki kin lu;
Sh'ierkia Shi er kia ki kin t'u lu;
In the dictionary below archaic graphs will be quoted according to the following Sh'iku Shi ku shu ki (stone drums);
system. .,- Siaokiao Siao kiao king ko kin shi: wen tsi;
0 r a c I e i n s c r i p t i o n s. Sung chai, sii Sung chai ki kin si.i lu;
T'ao T'ao chao ki kin lu;
Yin time graphs on tortoise shell and bone will be quoted directly, by k ii a n Tsunku Tsun ku chai so kien ki kin t'u;
and page in one or other of the following repertories, represented, for brevity's T'ulu Liang Chou kin wen ts'i ta hi t'u lu;
Wuying Wu ying tien yi k'i t'u lu.
sake, by capital letters:
A = Yin k'ii shu k'i ts'ien pien; List of inscriptions quoted:
B = Yin k'ii shu k'i hou pien;
Yin:
C = Yin k'ii shu k'i sii pien;
D Yin k'ii shu k'i tsing hua; 1. Chengsung 2: 24 28. K'ia 6:8
E T'ie yiin ts'ang kuei; 2. Chengsung 2: 41 29. Ki.in 2/1 20
F = T'ie yiin ts'ang kuei chi yii; 3. Chengsung 2: 44 30. Ki.in 2/1: 41
G Tie yiin ts'ang kuei shi yi; 4. Chengsung 4: 12 31. Kiin 2/1: 49
H Kuei kia shou ku wen tsi; 5. Chengsung 4: 43 32. Ki.in 2/3: 86
I Tsien shou t'ang so ts'ang Yin k'ii wen tsi; B. Chengsung 7: 18 33. T'ao 1: 25
K Yin k'i pu ts'i; 7. Chengsung 8: 23 34. Chengsung 2: 9
L Yin k'ii wen tsi ts'un chen; 8. Chengsung 8: 24 35. Chengsung 8: 14
M Sin huo pu ts'i sie pen; 9. Chengsung 8: 28 36. Chengsung 8: 18
N - T'ien ye k'ao ku pao kao I; 10. Chengsung 8: 31 37. Chengsung, si.i shang 19
0 Yin k'i tsuei pien; 11. Chengsung, sii sang 26 38. Chengsung, sii hia 10
P Yin k'i yi ts'un. 12. Chengsung, sii chung 4 39. Chengsung, pu shang 19
13. Chengsung, sii chung 8 40. Chengsung, pu shang 22
14. Chengsung, sii chung 9 41. Chengsung, pu chung 18
Thus, for instance, an entry like this: A 5: 40,5 means that the graph in question 15. Chengsung, sii chung 19 42. Chengsung, pu chung 21
is to be found in Lo Chen-yii's Yin k'i.i shu k'i ts'ien pien, k i.i an 5, p. 40, shell 16. Chengsung, sii chung 24 43. Chengsung, pu chung 29
(or bone) no. 5. 17. Chengsung, pu shang 18 44. K'ia 7: 16
18. Chengsung, pu chung 9 45. Siaokiao 4: 51
19. K'i 2:1 46. Siaokiao 2: 34
B r o n z e a n d s t o n e i n s c r i p t i o n s. 20. K'i 3:20 47. Siaokiao 2: 48
The inscriptions upon which I have drawn I register here in a numbered series, 21. K'i 3:20 48. Siaokiao 3: 70
and in the dictionary an entry like this: Chou I 57 means that the graph in question 22. K'i 5: 12 49. Siaokiao 4: 46
23. K'i 13:13 50. Siaokiao 5: 20
is to be found in our inscription 57 below, which is an inscription of the period Chou 24. K'i 16: 3 51. Siaokiao 5: 94
I (cf. the introduction above). In our list of inscriptions here, the repertories are 25. K'i 16: 4 52. Shierkia 4: 12
indicated by the following abbreviations: 26. K'i 16: 6 53. Shan 5: 44
27. K'ia 6: 5
7
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BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA
Chou I (1027-c i rca 900 B. C.). 142. K'ia 15: 18, T'ulu 112 173. K'i 2: 7, T'ulu 90
5-!. Chengsm1g 6: 6, T'ulu 9 94. Chengsung, pu shang 12, T'ulu 14 143. Chengsung 6: 44, T'ulu 116 I74. K'ia II: 9, T'nlu I29
55. Chengsung 4: 47, T'ulu 11 95. K'i 2: 51 144. Chengsung 6: 9, T'ulu 116 175. Chengsung 6: 10, T'u1u 74
56. Shan 2: 8I, T'u1u 12 96. K'i I6: 7 145. K'i 2: I5, T'ao I: 40, T'u1u 118 176. Chengsung 3: 35, T'u1u 75
57. K'i 16: 9, Kiin 3/I: I4 97. K'i I6: 36, T'ulu 64 146. K'i 9: 30, T'ulu 118 l 77. K'i 4: 22, T'u1u 76
58. Chengsung, pu shang 29, Shan 8: 98 98. K'i 6: I4 147. K'i 8: 21, T'ulu 127 178. Chengsung 6: 42, T'u1u 144
59. Chengsung 4: 48, T'ulu 12 99. Chengsung 4: 5, Shan 3: 19 148. Chengsung 1: 9, T'ulu 93 179. K'i 2: IO, T'ulu 143
60. Chengsung 3: I8, Kiin 2/3: 22, T'u1u 4 100. K'i 6: I5 149. Chengsung 3: 22 180. K'i 2: 41, T'ulu 131
61. Kiin 1/2: 47 101. K'i 2:3 150. Kii.n 3/2:25, T'ulu 133 181. K'i IS: 25, T'ulu ll7
62. Chengsung 3: I5, Paoyiin 8, T'ulu 15 102. Chengsung 3: 29, Shan 2: 79 151. K'i 4: 27, T'ulu 135 182. K'i 4: 25, T'ulu I35
63. Chengsung 4: 48, Eumorf. I: 26, T'ulu I03. Chengsung 3: I6, T'ulu 266 I 52. K'i 9: 17, T'ulu 140 183. K'ia 5: 7, T'ulu 63
20 ' 104. lVIengwei 1: 24, Chou kin wen ts'un I 53. Chengsung 6: 17, T'u1u I46 184. Kiin 3/2: 56, T'ulu 25
6-!. Chengsung 8: 42, T'ulu 21 3: 109 I 54. Chengsung 6: 20 185. K'ia II: 23, T'ulu I37
65. K'i 2: 35, Kiin 3/3: 31, T'ulu 18 105. K'i I6: 13, T'ulu I4 155. Chengsung, pu shang 39, T'ulu 8! 186. Kiin 3/2: 49, T'ulu 36
66. Chengsung, pu chung 12, T'ulu 24 106. ~Kiin 2J3: 10 156. K'ia 9: 17, T'ulu 137 187. K'i 5: 19, T'ulu .'58
67. Ktin 3/3: 42, T'ulu 19 107. K'ia 4: 2I, T'u]u 31 157. K'i 8: 15, T'ulu 88 188. Kiin 3/1: 32, T'ulu 67
68. K'i 7: 30, T'ulu 24 108. Kiin 2J3: 6I, T'u1u 35 I 58. K 'ia 15: 16, T'ulu 79 189. K'i 8: 19, T'ulu I34
69. Chengsung 6: ll, T'ulu 2 109. K'ia II: 5, T'u1u 27 159. K'i 16: 10, T'ulu 99 190. Chengsung 6: 3, T'ulu 27
70. Chengsung 4: 49, T'ulu 2-3 110. Kiin 2J3: 36 160. T'ao 2: 10, T'ulu IOI 191. K'i 4:4
71. Chengsung 7: I7, T'ulu 4 111. Chengsung, pu shang 34 161. Kii.n 3/2:21, T'ulu 99 192. K'i 4:7, T'ulu 69
72. Ktin 2/3: 82, T'ulu 13 112. Chengsung 4: 44 162. K'ia ll: 6, T'ulu I02 193. K'ia 13: 9, T'ulu 70
73. Ktin 2/3 80, T'ulu 12 113. K'ia 11: 25, T'ulu 234 163. Chengsung 6:5, T'ulu 43 194. T'ao 2: 16, T'ulu 130
7 4. Chengsung, sti chung 23, T'ulu 16 ll4. K'i 1: I3, Mengwei I: 9 I6J. Chengsung 3: 36, T'u1u -!5 195. Chengsung 6: 2
7 5. Chengsung 3: 25, T'ulu 17 ll5. Chengsung 8: 23 I65. Kiin 1/3:62 196. K'i I6: 33, Chengsung 6: 4.
76. K'i 6: 15, T'ulu 86 116. Chengsung 4: 45, T'ulu 2II 166. Chengsung, pu shang I4, T'ulu 71 197. Chengsung 1: 18, T'ulu 124
77. T'ulu 23 117. Kun 2J2: 5, Chengts'iu 27 167. K'i 9: 11 198. Chengsung 5: 23.
7 8. Chengsung, pu chung I2, T'ulu 36 ll8. K'ia 9: 7, T'ulu 264 168. Chengsung, pu shang I6 199. K'ia 16: 25, Kiin 2/2: ll
79. K'i 17: I7, T'ulu 38 119. Chengsung 9: 27 169. Chengsung 6: 7, T'ulu 73 200. Kiin 3/l: 15, T'ulu 92
80. Kiin 1/3: 42 I20. Chengsung, pu shang IO 170. K'i 4: 29, T'ulu 73 201. K'i 16: 6, T'ulu 282
81. K'i 17:7, T'ulu 33 121. K'i 6: 30 171. Chengsung 5:25, T'u1u 90 202. K'ia 5: 11, T'ulu 29
8.').. . Chengsmig 4: 21, T'ulu 32 122. Shan 9: 32 172. K'i 4: 30, T'ulu 89
83. K'ia 6: ll, T'ulu 31 I23. Shan 8: 48
84. T'ao 2: 39, T'ulu 33 124. K'i 5: 6 Chou IJI I (10:27-c i rca 770 B. C.).
85. Senoku II: 105, T'u1u 34 125. Chengsung 2: 35, Shierkia 6: 3
86. K'i 4: 16, T'u1u 35 203. Kiin 2/3:74, T'ulu 80 210. Chengsung 3: 23
126. Burlington Mag. Apr. 1937
87. Kiin 3/I 15, T'ulu 32 127. K'i 18: 8, T'ulu 225 204. K.'i 16: 32, T'ulu 79 211. Kiin 2/2: 61
88. K'ia 4: 28, Shan 2: SO 128. T'ao 2: 38 205. K'ia, 14: 13, T'ulu 80 212. K'i 3: 15
89. K'i 16: 5, T'ulu 8 129. Shan 3: 33 206. Chengsung 3:16 213. Siaokiao 3: 22
90. Chengsung 7: I9, T'ulu 5 130. K'i 6: 23 207. T.'u1u 24: 2I4. Siaokiao 3: 26
91. K'ia I9: 22, T'u1u 5 131. K'i 6: 8 208. K'i 4: I, T'ulu 30 2I5. Siaokiao 3: 98
9.'.). . K'ia I9: 3, T'u1u 21 131 a. Tsunku I: 36 209. K.'i 4: 2
93. K'i 2: 5, T'ulu l4 131 b. Sungchai, sii 37
C h o u III (circa 770-c i r c a 450 B. C.).
Chou I I (circa 900-c i r c a 770). 2I6. Chengsung, sii chung I 222. Chengsung 1: 5
217. Chengsung 1:16, Kiin3J1: 38, T'ulu 223. Chengsung 3:21, T'ulu 164
132. K'i 2: 21, T'ulu 83 137. Chengsung 3: 33, T'ulu 62 213 224. K'ia 2: I9, T'ulu 165
133. K'ia 4: 26, T'ulu 61 138. K'i 4: 15, T'ulu 60 218. Kiin 3/2: 6, T'ulu 216. 225. K'i 9: 14, T'ulu I72
13-!. K'ia 11: 7, T'ulu 58 139. K'ia 5: I, T'ulu IIO 2I9. Chengsung 11: 3, T'ulu 203 226. K'i 17: 35, T'ulu 170
135. Chengsung 3: 30, T'ulu 38 140. Chengsung 3: 34, T'u1u ll3 220. Chengsung, sii shang I, T'ulu 227 227. K'i 17: 36, T'ulu 170
136. Chengsung 3: 3I, T'ulu 39 141. Chengsung 6: 3, T'ulu 107 221. Kiin 1j3: 38, T'ulu 206 228. K'i 18: 21, T'ulu 239
8
9
BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF' FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES BERNHARD KARLGREN: GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA
229. Chengsung 6: 13, T'ulu 288 235. Kiin 2/1: 29 :311. Chengsung 7: 34, T'ulu 266 322. Siaokiao 1: 13
230. Chengsung 1: 13, T'ulu 152 236. K'i 17: 19 :312. Chengsung 12: 20, T'ulu 279 323. Shiku: Wu kii
231. K'i 18: 23, T'ulu 182 237. Burlington Mag. Jan. 1937 :313. T'ao 2: 48 324. Shiku: K'ien yi
232. Shan 2:69 238. Kiin 3j3: 28, T'ulu 268 31±. Shan: 9: 7 325. Shiku: T'ien kii
233. Chengsung 11: 8, T'ulu 211 239. BurlingtonMag. 1930 315. Chengsung 1:21 326. Shiku: Luau kii
234. K'i 18:16, T'ulu 255, Huaimi, hia 16 316. K'ia 2: 17 327. Shiku: Ling yii
317. Chengsung 4: 46 328. Shiku: Yu tso
Chou II/I I I (circa 900-c i r c a 450 B. C.). 318. Chengsung 7: 14 329. Shiku: Er shi
240. Chengsung 10: 39, T'ulu 205 261. K'i 1: 28 aw. K'i 8: 11 330. Shiku: T'ien
241. Shan 8:78 262. K'i 8: 34, T'ulu 204 320. Chengsung, J>U shang 2 331. Shiku: W u shuei
242. K'ia 14: l4 263. Kiin 3/l: 9, T'ulu 203 321. Santai 1: 2 332. Shiku: Wu jen
243. Chengsung 6: 31, T'ulu 237 264. K'i 17: 34
Chou.
244. Chengsung 6: 29 265. Chengsuhg 5: 27
245. Ktin 2/2: SO 266. Chengsung 6: 33 3:33. Kiin 2/2: 74, T'ulu 182 365. K'i 17: 29
246. Ktin 2/2: lO 267. ~hengsung 10: 27 3:34. T'ulu 186 366. K'i 18: 13
247. Shan 2:70 268. K'ia 15: 19 335. K'i 5: 18, T'u1u 191 367. K'i 18: 19
248. Chengsung 3: 5, and 5: 19 269. Kiin 2/2: 77 336. Chengsm1g, sii shang 24, T'ulu 191 368. K'ia 11: 13
249. Ktin 2/2: 70 270. K'i 16: 33, Shan 8: 82 337. T'ulu 200 369. K'ia 19: 25
250. K'i 16: 34, T'ulu 226 271. K'ia 8: 15, Huaimi, hia 22 3:38. Kiin 2/1: 65, T'ulu 222 370. Kiin 2/1: 57
251. Chengsung 10: 35 272. Chengsung 5: 22 3:39. Kiin 2/3: 5, T'ulu 286 371. Kiin 2/1: 58
252. Ktin 2j3: 18 273. Sh!erkia 5: 6 3-!0. Chengsung 2:42 372. Kiin 3/1: 16
253. K'ia 16:20 274. T'ao, sti shang 18 3-!l. Chengsung 2:42 373. Santai 3: 36
254. Ktin 2/2: 58, T'ulu 224 275. Shan 8: 47 3-!2. Chengsung 3: 14 374. Santai 6: 51
255. T'ao 2: 18, T'ulu 190 276. Chengsung 3: 6 :3-!3. Chengsung 3: 18 375. Siaokiao 1: 7
256. T'ao 1: 29, T'ulu 190 277. K'ia 12: 6, Shan 8: 65 :3-!4. Chengsung 3: 20 376. Siaokiao 1: 13
257. Chengsung 7: 33, T'ulu 208 278. Chengsung 5: 37 3-!5. Chengsung 3: 23 377. Siaokiao 1: 18
258. K'i 5: 26, T'ulu 207 279. T'ulu 165 :3-!6. Chengsung 5: 41 378. Siaokiao 2: 89
259. K'i 3:18 280. Wuying 100 :3-!7. Chengsung 6: 26 379. Siaokiao 2: 92
260. K'i 5: 22, T'ao 2: 46 281. Shan 4: 51 3-!8. Chengsung 6: 27 380. Siaokiao 3: 96
:349. Chengsung 6: 38 381. Siaokiao 9: 29
Chou IV (circa 450-c i rca 250 B. C.). :3:30. Chengstmg 6: 39 382. K'i 8: 10
:351. Chengsung 6: 40 383. Siaokiao 9: 79
282. K'ia 1: 21, T'ulu 217 288. T'ulu 261, BMFEA 7, p. 26 :352. Chengsung 6: 41 384. Chengsung 2: 33
283. Shan 4: 54, T'ulu 181 289. Kiin 2/3: 77, T'ulu 179 3.53. Chengstmg 7: 32 385. K'ia 11: 18
284. Chengstmg 5: 42, T'ulu 258, Pao 290. K'i 6: 35, T'ulu 262 :354. Chengstmg 10: 29 386. see Ku wen sheng hi, cheng 1
yiin 74, Wuying 79 291. K'i 17: 26, T'ulu 257 ;~5.5. Chengsung 10: 32 387. see Ku wen sheng hi, yu 7
285. Chengsung 6: 33 292. Kiin 2/3: 40, T'ulu 257 356. Chengsung 10: 41 388. Chengsung 2: 4 7
286. K'i 4: 13, T'ulu 260 293. Kiin 2/3: 66, T'ulu 266 J57. Chengsung, pu shang 37 389. Kiin 2/1: 50
287. Ktin 3/1: 21, T'ulu 257
:J58. Chengsung, pu ch ung 29 390. Chengsung 3: 17
v :J.'iH. K'i l: 25 391. Kiin 2/2:65
chou I II/I (circa 770-circa 250 B. C.). :360. K'i 3:30 394. see Shuo wen ku chou san pu 7: 7
294. K'i 5: 26, T'ulu 194 302. K'i 3: 14, Shan 8: 62 :361. K'i 5:31 395. K'i 8: 11
295. Chengsung 1: 18, Eumorf. 1: 29, 303. Kiin 2/1: 55 :362. K'i 16: 1 396. K'ia 12: 9
T'ulu 269 304. Kiin 2/3: 64, T'ulu 156 36:3. K'i 16 23 397. Chengsung 11: 6
296. Chengsung 3: 24, T'ulu 282 305. Kiin 3/1: 12, T'ulu 158 :364. K'i 17: 23 398. see Slmo wen ku chou pu pu
297. K'ia 5: 15, T'ulu 205 306. K'ia 1: 2, T'ulu 167
298. K'i 3: 29, T'ulu 254 307. Chengsung 1: 20, T'ulu 175 Pre-Han.
299. K'i 8: 14, T'ulu 253 308. Kiin 3/1:8, T'ulu 187 399. Wuying 63 402. Chengsung 2: 35
300. K'i 8: 12, T'ulu 238 309. T'ulu 187 400. Shan 2: 45 403. Chengsung 3: 14
301. K'ia2: 21, T'ulu 251 310. Chengsung 1: 15, T'ulu 194 401. Chengsung 2: 32 404. Chengsung 4: 43
10 11
n
+
M\.r
BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF FAR EASTERN ANTIQUITIES 1~-_k~~ 2.1 !.\=1+ S3 SlfL -@-
405. Chengsung 4: 44 434. see Ku wen sheng hi, yu 8 2 oJl)( }t_ ~~ J.$ ?t\"f ~ S'·T.&. T1/t-l .·M~*.. ..' / A'- 6t!:J~C
440067.. CChheennggssuunngg 44::4475 443356.. sseeee KKuu wweenn sshheenngg hhii,, yyaanngg 41 5 3 1t ~w 19 .~..:;:;- W\:1f { 5Ti1tiz;:__
408. Chengsung 5: 10 437. Kun 1/2: 33 1rt
409. Chengsung 7: 10 438. K'ia 23: 14 4 ~p ~~ 30 8 it~ Jb ~$ jj~
410. Chengsung 7: 13 439. see Ku wen sheng hi, siao 5 t
411. Chengsung 7: 15 440. K'ia 11: 27 S(c]~ 31M~~~ 57 o/(~ )~£4
rt tz
441123.. CChheennggssuunngg 87:: 3256 4444•1~). . CYhine nwgseunn gt,s 'usini , shhiaan g3 12 7 </o P~I~~:. /i;!;17 ~~ 32 /5.. !k~ sa )JL =J-
±1±. Chengsung, pu chung ll 443. see Ku wen sheng hi, yii 13 *-- t
±15. K'i 5: 9 444. see Ku wen sheng hi, yii 19 7 ,§ 33 ~__. ~~ )~ /j, @i ~
±16. K'i 16:8 445. Kun 2j2: 56 1-
±17. K'i 17: 13 446. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi 1 2 '$1 \~ 34 ~~ (;0 ~ ~/R_
±18. K'i 18: ll 447. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi 3
±19. K'ia 3:12 448 . .,.Chengsung 4: 35 9 ~n 6 3J; fGj$ ,§ c1 A. ;fL ~rt­
±20. K'ia 5: l4 449. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi 12
±21. K'ia 6: 13 450. K'ia 22: 2 10 -iff $ \~ 3b})Rg bt.fw~..._1f... .. ~
-!22. K'ia 17: 14 451. K'i 1: 19
±23. Kiin 1/2:47 452. Chengsung 8: 41 11 M'- ,~ 37 -{t 1 ~ ;fl4 ~3 %J ~ ~~
±2-i. !Gin 1/2:52 453. see Ku wen sheng hi, ts'i 1 fr
425. Kiin 1/3: 52 454. see Kin wen pien 2: 9 38 i-ll C.:. ~'' 4j ;:j?; C.;(~
426. !Gin 2/1:79 455. K'i 7:30
427. Santai 3: 18 456. Kun 2/1: 5 31) '1, ~- A,_ ~ ~tf
e
428. K'ia 6: 13 457. Kun 1/3: 52 4o :>t !X 1$ cr; _1.
429. K.'ia 14: 23 458. K'i 1: 17
430. K'i 1: 9 459. K'i 18: 7
431. Chengsung 9: 9 460. Chengsung 8: 42 15"' A:. J sdr7 41 }, ~ (,7 /J'- j;, ~
432. T'ao 3:7 461. see Ku wen sheng hi, chi l. 42 1- 's
433. K'i 7: 19 1~~\~ ~ ~ ~ 'f- ~
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