Grammar Practice Workbook - Teacher's Annotated Edition - Glencoe

56 Pages·2001·0.83 MB·English

Grammar and Composition
Grammar Practice
Workbook
Teacher’s Annotated Edition
Grade 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 079 04 03 02 01 00
ii
Contents
Unit 10 Parts of Speech
10.1 Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
10.2 Pronouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
10.3 Action Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
10.3 Linking Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
10.4 Adjectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
10.5 Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
10.6 Prepositions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
10.7 Conjunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Unit 11 Parts of the Sentence
11.3 Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11.5 Indirect Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11.5 Object Complements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11.5 Subject Complements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Unit 12 Phrases
12.1 Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12.2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12.3 Participles and Participial Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
12.3 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12.3 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Unit 13 Clauses and Sentence Structure
13.3 Simple and Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
13.5 Adjective Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
13.6 Adverb Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
13.7 Noun Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
13.8 Four Kinds of Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
13.9 Sentence Fragments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
13.10 Run-on Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Unit 15 Verb Tenses and Voice
15.2 Regular and Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
15.4 Perfect Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
15.7 Voice ofVerbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement
16.2 Agreement with Linking Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
16.4–5 Agreement with Special and Compound Subjects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
iii
Contents
Unit 17 Using Pronouns Correctly
17.1 Case of Personal Pronouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
17.2 Pronouns with and as Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
17.3 Pronouns After Thanand As . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
17.5 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
17.6 Clear Pronoun Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Unit 18 Using Modifiers Correctly
18.2 Irregular Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
18.4 Incomplete Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
18.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Unit 20 Capitalization
20.1 Capitalization of Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
20.2–3 Capitalization of Proper Nouns and Adjectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Unit 21 Punctuation,Abbreviations, and Numbers
21.1–3 End Punctuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
21.4 The Colon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
21.5 The Semicolon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
21.6 Commas and Compound Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
21.6 Commas and Coordinate Adjectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
21.6 Commas with Parenthetical Expressions and Conjunctive Adverbs. . . . . . 45
21.6 Commas with Direct Address and Tag Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
21.6 Misuse of Commas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
21.7–8 The Dash and Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
21.9 Quotation Marks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
21.10 Italics (Underlining) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
21.11 The Apostrophe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
21.12–13 The Hyphen and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
iv
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.1 Nouns
Key Information
Nouns name people, places, things, or ideas. Proper nouns name particular people, places,
things, or ideas. Proper nouns are always
grandfather peacock
capitalized.
kitchen vegetarianism
William Loman Islam
Concretenouns identify objects that are tangible
Zaire Machu Picchu
or can be identified through the senses.
Collective nouns name groups. The singular
hoof yawn
form is sometimes considered singular and
fog melodies
sometimes considered plural.
Abstract nouns name ideas, qualities, or
committee choir
characteristics.
(a) pride (of lions)
fear spirit
love kindness
(cid:2) A. Categorizing Nouns
Place each of the nouns listed below in the appropriate column.Many nouns may be listed in
more than one column.
crew democracy orchestra
theory clan aroma
Leontyne Price Pythagoras Caracas
hesitation elation Buddhism
Concrete Abstract Proper Collective
__c_r_e_w_____________ __t_h_e_o_ry____________ __L_e_o_n_t_yn_e_ _P_ri_c_e______ __c_r_e_w_____________
__L_e_o_n_t_yn_e_ _P_ri_c_e_____ __h_e_s_it_a_t_io_n_________ __P_y_t_h_a_g_o_ra_s_________ __c_l_a_n_____________
c.
n
es, I __c_l_a_n_____________ __d_e_m__o_cr_a_c_y________ __C__ar_a_c_a_s___________ __o_r_c_h_e_st_r_a_________
ni
pa __P_y_t_h_a_g_o_ra_s________ __e_l_a_ti_o_n___________ __B_u_d_d_h_i_s_m__________ __________________
m
o
Hill C __o_r_c_h_e_st_r_a_________ __B_u_d_d_h_i_s_m_________ ___________________ __________________
w- __a_r_o_m_a____________ __________________ ___________________ __________________
a
Gr
Mc __C_a_r_a_c_a_s__________ __________________ ___________________ __________________
e
h
T
© (cid:2) B. Identifying Nouns
ht
yrig Underline all nouns in the following sentences.Write whether each noun is concrete (C),
op abstract (A),proper (P),or collective (CL).
C
C,CL A C
1. The audienceshowed its approvalwith a standing ovation.
C,P C C,P
2. Meccais a holy cityfor all Muslims.
A C,CL
3. The idealsof the teamwere very high.
C C C,P A
4. The urban designsof architectI.M.Peihave won him international acclaim.
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 9,Unit 10 1
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.2 Pronouns
Key Information
Pronouns can take the place of nouns, groups Relative pronouns introduce subordinate
of words acting as nouns, or other pronouns. clauses.
Interrogative pronouns are used to form Rene, who is from Paris, drives a Porsche.
questions.
The house thatwe spoke about has
Who is the best athlete on the team? been sold.
Whatever do you mean? Give the trophy to whomever you choose.
(cid:2) A. Identifying Pronouns
Underline all interrogative and relative pronouns in the following sentences.Write whether
each is interrogative (I)or relative (R).
I R
1. Whowas the woman thatI saw you with at the movies?
R
2. The singer for whomthe rock opera was written married the director.
R
3. You should do whateveryou think is best.
I R
4. Whatis the name of the song thathe wrote?
(cid:2) B. Using Relative Pronouns
Combine the following sentences,changing one sentence of each pair to a subordinate clause.
Introduce each subordinate clause with a relative pronoun.
Example: Some people are glad when winter is over. They do not like cold weather.
People who do not like cold weather are glad when winter is over.
1. Mary McLeod Bethune is a famous black educator.She lived from 1875 to 1955.
c.
_M_a_r_y_ ._._._e_d_u_c_a_to_r_ _w_h_o_ _li_ve_d_ _f_ro_m__ 1_8_7_5_ _to_ _1_9_5_5_.__________________________________________ es, In
_________________________________________________________________________________ ani
p
m
2. In the early part of the twentieth century,Bethune founded a school for girls.The school Co
eventually merged with a boys’school and became Bethune-Cookman College. Hill
w-
_In_ _th_e_ _e_a_rl_y_ ._._._f_o_r _g_ir_ls_,_w_h_i_c_h_ e_v_e_n_t_u_a_ll_y _m__er_g_e_d_._._._.______________________________________ Gra
c
M
_________________________________________________________________________________ e
h
T
3. Bethune worked closely with Franklin D.Roosevelt.She served as the Special Advisor on ©
Minority Affairs. ght
yri
_B_e_th_u_n_e_,_w_h_o_ _s_e_rv_e_d_ _a_s _t_h_e_ S_p_e_c_ia_l_ A_d_v_i_s_o_r _o_n_ M__in_o_r_it_y_ A__ff_a_ir_s_,w__o_r_ke_d_._._._._____________________ op
C
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Bethune was an observer for the State Department at the UN Conference in 1945.
Bethune had spent many years in public service.
_B_e_th_u_n_e_,_w_h_o_ _h_a_d_ _sp_e_n_t_ ._._._s_e_r_v_ic_e_,_w_a_s_ a_n_ _o_b_s_e_rv_e_r_._._..____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 9,Unit 10
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.3 Action Verbs
Key Information
Action verbsdescribe physical or mental action. Intransitive verbs are also action verbs, but
they are not followed by words that answer
jog think
what? or whom?
smile worry
point Condors live in the Andes. [The intransitive
verb live is followed by the words in the
Transitive verbs are action verbs followed by
Andes, which tell where, not what or
words that answer what? or whom?
whom.]
Jack madehis own wedding cake. [The
words wedding cakefollow the transitive
verb madeand answer the question
made what?]
(cid:2) A. Identifying Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
The following excerpt is from The Waves,a novel by British writer Virginia Woolf.Write
whether each of the boldface action verbs in the excerpt is transitive (T)or intransitive (I).If
the verb is transitive,underline the word or words following it that answer the question what?
or whom?
Literature Model
I
T he light struckupon the trees in the garden,making one leaftransparent and then another.One
I T
bird chirpedhigh up;there was a pause;another chirped lower down.The sun sharpenedthe
I T
wallsofthe house,and restedlike the tip ofa fan upon a white blind and madea blue fingerprintof
I
shadow under the leafby the bedroom window.The blind stirredslightly,but all within was dim
c. T
n and unsubstantial.The birds sangtheir blank melodyoutside....
es, I
ni T T T
pa The waves brokeand spreadtheir watersswiftly over the shore.One after another they massed
m
o I T
C themselvesand fell;the spray tosseditselfback with the energy oftheir fall.
Hill
w-
a Virginia Woolf,The Waves
Gr
c
M
e
Th (cid:2) B. Using Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
©
ght Write five sentences about yourself.Identify each action verb you use as transitive (T)
pyri or intransitive (I). Sentences will vary.
o
C
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 9,Unit 10 3
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.3 Linking Verbs
Key Information
Linking verbsconnect the subject of a sentence Oro is the Spanish word for gold.
with words or groups of words that identify or
Below are some other common linking verbs.
describe it.
seem remain feel
All forms of the verb be can function as linking
appear smell look
verbs.
become taste sound
Tomorrow will be bright and sunny.
(cid:2) A. Identifying Linking Verbs
Underline all linking verbs in the sentences below.
1. She said that she feelsconfident about the success of the plan.
2. Thai food often tastesexotic to those who have never tried it.
3. That isthe year Maria wasborn.
4. Herbs grow well if the soil issandy and the drainage isadequate.
5. The President lookedtired and frustrated.
6. The world’s tallest trees areCalifornia redwoods.
7. All the actors wereproud of their performances.
8. The food smelleddelicious from two blocks away.
9. I amtired because I did not sleep well last night.
10. A stubborn person,he remainscertain that he isright.
(cid:2) B. Using Linking Verbs c.
n
Write five sentences about your family and friends,using at least one linking verb in each nies, I
sentence.Underline each linking verb. Sentences will vary. pa
m
o
1. ______________________________________________________________________________ Hill C
2. ______________________________________________________________________________ w-
a
Gr
3. ______________________________________________________________________________ Mc
e
h
4. ______________________________________________________________________________ T
©
5. ______________________________________________________________________________ ht
g
yri
p
o
C
4 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 9,Unit 10
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.4 Adjectives
Key Information
Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns. sharp, sharper, sharpest
eerie room psychic, more psychic, most psychic
some people The adjectives a, and, and the are called articles.
latest fad Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns
and are always capitalized.
Many adjective have comparative and superla-
tive forms. Italian opera Buddhist thought
hot, hotter, hottest Dutch tulips
(cid:2) A. Identifying Adjectives
Underline all of the adjectives,except articles,in the following passage.
Along the foot of a tiltedredrock a porcupine came....It broke open a tinyshelter of
sticks and some meagerround-earedcreature,all eyes and bonylimbs,fled across the stones.
The porcupine,ignoring it,was about to devour the beetles...when suddenly it paused,raised
itshead and listened.As it remained motionlessa brown,mongoose-likecreature broke
quickly through the bushes and disappeared down itshole.From farther away came the sound
of scoldingbirds.
Shardik,Richard Adams
(cid:2) B. Forming Adjectives
c. Write an adjective form of each of the words listed below.Use a dictionary only if you have to.
n
nies, I elegance __e_l_e_g_a_n_t_______________________ furor __f_u_r_io_u_s_______________________
a
mp deceive __d_e_c_e_p_t_iv_e_,_d_ec_e_i_vi_n_g_______________ fog __f_o_g_g_y__________________________
o
C
Hill nobility__n_o_b_l_e__________________________ width__w__id_e_________________________
w-
a harm__h_a_r_m_f_u_l,_h_a_r_m_l_e_ss___________________ inspire __i_n_s_p_ir_a_ti_o_na_l_;_in_s_p_ir_in_g_,_i_n_sp_i_re_d____
Gr
c
e M flattery__f_la_t_t_er_in_g_,_f_la_t_te_r_e_d_________________ grit__g_r_it_t_y__________________________
h
T
©
ht
g
yri
p
o
C
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 9,Unit 10 5
Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date................................
10.5 Adverbs
Key Information
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other to what degree? completely
adverbs.
Adverbs always precede the adjectives and other
run quickly deeply embarrassed adverbs they modify.
quite nicely rather handsome
Adverbs answer the questions when? where? just barely
how? and to what degree?
Their position in relation to verbs can vary.
when? soon
I disagree with you completely.
where? there
I completely disagree with you.
how? carefully
I disagree completely with you.
(cid:2) A. Finding Adverbs
Underline the seven adverbs in the following sentences.Then identify the word each adverb
modifies by underlining it twice.
1. Hans Christian Andersen was born in Denmark in almostcompletepoverty.
2. At the age of fourteen,he bravelylefthis home to seek his fortune in Copenhagen.
3. As a child he sangbeautifullyand oftenpretendedhe was performing for the Emperor
of China.
4. It was muchlaterthat he began to write the fairy tales for which he has become famous.
5. “The Ugly Duckling,”his mostfamousstory,is oddlyautobiographical.
(cid:2) B. Using Adverbs c.
n
Using the adverbs in parentheses,rewrite each of the following sentences. nies, I
a
p
1. Because he does not like crowds,he does not go to concerts.(seldom) m
o
C
B_e_c_a_u_s_e_ ._._._c_r_o_w_d_s_,_h_e_ s_e_l_d_o_m_ _g_o_e_s _t_o_ c_o_n_c_e_rt_s_.__________________________________________ Hill
w-
2. He took her hand.(timidly) a
Gr
c
T_i_m_i_d_ly_,_h_e_ t_o_o_k_ h_e_r_ _h_a_n_d_._(T_im__id_l_y_c_o_u_l_d_ b_e_ _p_la_c_e_d_ a_f_t_er_ _h_e_o_r_ h_a_n_d_._)__________________________ e M
h
T
3. The movie was unbelievable.(completely) ©
ht
T_h_e_ _m_o_v_i_e_ w_a_s_ _c_o_m_p_l_e_te_l_y _u_n_b_e_li_e_v_a_b_le_._________________________________________________ yrig
p
o
4. Melba sings nicely.(rather) C
M__e_lb_a_ _s_in_g_s_ _ra_t_h_e_r _n_ic_e_l_y._____________________________________________________________
5. Robbie will not eat his pizza with anchovies.(never)
R_o_b_b_i_e_ w__il_l _n_e_v_e_r _e_a_t _h_is_ _p_iz_z_a_ w__it_h_ a_n_c_h_o_v_i_es_.____________________________________________
6 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook,Grade 9,Unit 10