Grade 11 Chemistry: A Foundation for Implementation

654 Pages·2006·3.2 MB·English

Cover Coloured.qxp 8/29/2006 8:12 AM Page 1
Grade 11 Chemistry
A Foundation for
Implementation
GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY
A Foundation for Implementation
2006
Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth
Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth Cataloguing in Publication Data
530.0712 Grade 11 chemistry : a foundation for implementation
ISBN 0-7711-3438-X
1. Chemistry—Study and teaching (Secondary)—
Manitoba. 2. Chemistry—Curricula. 3. Chemistry—Study
and teaching (Secondary). I. Manitoba. Manitoba
Education, Citizenship and Youth.
Copyright © 2006, the Crown in Right of Manitoba as represented by the Minister of Education,
Citizenship and Youth. Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth, School Programs Division,
1970 Ness Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J 0Y9.
Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law.
If cases are identified where this has not been done, please notify Manitoba Education,
Citizenship and Youth. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Sincere thanks
to the authors and publishers who allowed their original material to be adapted or reproduced.
This document is also available on the Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth website at
<http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/science/scicurr.html>.
GRADE11 CHEMISTRY• Acknowledgements
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the
following individuals in the development of Grade 11 Chemistry: A Foundation for Implementation.
Principal Writer
George D. Bush Consulting Science Educator Winnipeg, Manitoba
Chemistry Education and Senior Curriculum Advisor
Brian Lewthwaite Faculty of Education University of Manitoba
Members of the Manitoba Development Team for
Grade 11 Chemistry:AFoundation for Implementation
Madeleine Asselin Collège Louis-Riel Division scolaire franco-
manitobaine
George D. Bush Consulting Science Educator Winnipeg, Manitoba
Kelly Choy Minnedosa Collegiate Rolling River S.D.
Kris Coulter St. John’s High School The Winnipeg S.D.
Claude Garand Education Program The University of Winnipeg
(until January 2004)
Leona Groot Gimli High School Evergreen S.D.
Jennifer Kirk Balmoral Hall School Independent Schools
Kent Lewarne Pilot Mound School Prairie Spirit S.D.
Angela Russenholt J.H. Bruns Collegiate Louis Riel S.D.
Rick Wiebe John Taylor Collegiate St. James-Assiniboia S.D.
Graphics Design
Rick Wiebe John Taylor Collegiate St. James-Assiniboia S.D.
Kindergarten to Grade 12 Science Steering Committee
Ron Banister Manitoba Teachers’ Society The Winnipeg S.D.
Sharon Burns Manitoba Association of
Parent Councils
Randy Cielen Springfield Collegiate Sunrise S.D.
Paul D. Cuthbert Manitoba Association of
School Superintendents Evergreen S.D.
J. David Graham Health and Applied Sciences Red River College
Kay Harvey Manitoba Association of
School Trustees Sunrise S.D.
Veronica Klassen Wapanohk-Eastwood Mystery Lake S.D.
Community School (until June 2003)
Derrick Pokrant Science Teachers’ River East-Transcona S.D.
Association of Manitoba (since October 2002)
iii
Acknowledgements • GRADE11 CHEMISTRY
Kindergarten to Grade 12 Science Steering Committee (continued)
G. Gordon Robinson Faculty of Science University of Manitoba
(until September 2002)
Rick Skarban Councils for School
Leadership Mystery Lake S.D.
Deb Spelchak Glenlawn Collegiate Division scolaire Louis-Riel
Dawn L. Sutherland Education Program The University of Winnipeg
(until June 2003)
School Programs Division Staff
Lee-Ila Bothe Coordinator Document Production Services
Instruction, Curriculum and
Assessment Branch
Diane Cooley Acting Director Instruction, Curriculum and
Assessment Branch
Sandra Drummond Administrative Assistant Development Unit
Instruction, Curriculum and
Assessment Branch
Lynn Harrison Desktop Publisher Document Production Services
Instruction, Curriculum and
Assessment Branch
Susan Letkemann Publications Editor Document Production Services
Instruction, Curriculum and
Assessment Branch
John James Murray Project Leader Development Unit
Instruction, Curriculum and
Assessment Branch
Aileen Najduch Project Manager Development Unit
Instruction, Curriculum and
Assessment Branch
Bureau de l’éducation française Division Staff
Jean-Vianney Auclair Director Bureau de l’éducation française
(until January 2006)
Danièle Dubois-Jacques Consultant Bureau de l’éducation française
iv
GRADE11 CHEMISTRY• Contents
C
ONTENTS
Acknowledgements iii
Introduction 1
Background 1
Vision for Scientific Literacy 1
Goals for Canadian Science Education 2
Beliefs about Learning, Teaching, and Assessing Science 2
Changing Emphases in Science 3
Processes That Engage Students in Science Learning 5
Section 1: Manitoba Foundations for Scientific Literacy 1
The Five Foundations 3
Nature of Science and Technology 4
Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment (STSE) 6
Scientific and Technological Skills and Attitudes 9
Essential Science Knowledge 12
The Unifying Concepts 13
Kindergarten to Grade 10 Science Topic Chart 15
Section 2: Implementation of Grade 11 Chemistry 1
The Senior Years Student and the Science Learning Environment 3
Effective Teaching in Chemistry: What the Research Says to Teachers 14
Unit Development in Chemistry 17
A View of Chemistry Education: Toward Modes of Representation 18
The Modes of Representation 18
Toward an Instructional Philosophy in Chemistry 25
Section 3: Assessment in Grade 11 Chemistry 1
Classroom Assessment 3
Planning for Assessment 3
Characteristics of Effective Assessment 4
Managing Classroom Assessment 8
Changing Emphases in Assessment 10
Types of Assessment 11
Section 4: Document Organization 1
Document Organization and Format 3
Guide to Reading the Learning Outcomes and the Document Format 3
Sample Two-Page Layout 6
General Learning Outcomes 8
Cluster 0: Skills and Attitudes Outcomes 10
Specific Learning Outcomes 13
v
Contents • GRADE11 CHEMISTRY
Grade 11 Chemistry 1
Topic 1: Physical Properties of Matter 1
Topic 2: Gases and the Atmosphere 1
Topic 3: Chemical Reactions 1
Topic 4: Solutions 1
Topic 5: Organic Chemistry 1
Appendices 1
Topic 1 Appendices 1
Appendix 1.1: Demonstrating Diffusion on the Overhead Projector 3
Appendix 1.2: A “Real” Water Fountain 5
Appendix 1.3: Popping the Kernel: Modelling the States of Matter 6
Appendix 1.4: Kinetic Energy Distribution 10
Appendix 1.5: Bond Types and Conductivity 11
Appendix 1.6: Chemistry Review Form 15
Appendix 1.7: Making Fingerprints Visible 16
Appendix 1.8: Probeware Investigation: Determining Melting Points 17
Appendix 1.9: Vapour Pressure with Pop 22
Appendix 1.10: Measuring the Vapour Pressure of a Liquid 24
Appendix 1.11: Forces between Particles 27
Appendix 1.12: Freezing by Boiling 31
Appendix 1.13: Gas Laws: Temperature and Pressure Changes 32
Appendix 1.14: Chemistry Is Super: “Bingo” Review Game 36
Topic 2 Appendices 1
Appendix 2.1: Can You Vacuum Pack a Person? 3
Appendix 2.2: A Historical Timeline of the Measurement of Pressure 4
Appendix 2.3: The Drinking Bird 7
Appendix 2.4: Make Your Own Cartesian Diver 10
Appendix 2.5: Charles’s Law: The Temperature-Volume Relationship in
Gases 14
Appendix 2.6: Charles’s Law 16
Appendix 2.7: Charles’s Law Lab 17
Appendix 2.8: Applications of Gases in Our Lives 19
Appendix 2.9: Review Game 22
Topic 3 Appendices 1
Appendix 3.1: Calculating Average Atomic Mass 3
Appendix 3.2: Don’t Be an Isodope: Get the Facts on Isotopes 5
Appendix 3.3: Isotopes Used in Medicine and Climatology 9
Appendix 3.4: The Importance and Application of Isotopes 10
Appendix 3.5: Names, Formulas, and Charges of Some Common Ions 18
Appendix 3.6: Ionic Name Game 19
Appendix 3.7: Stoichiometry: The Formula of a Precipitate 20
Appendix 3.8: Indications of Chemical Reactions 26
Appendix 3.9: Determining the Molar Mass of a Gas 31
Appendix 3.10: Gas Density Table 35
Appendix 3.11: Creative Mole: Writing Activity 36
vi
GRADE11 CHEMISTRY• Contents
Appendix 3.12: The Stoichiometry of Gasoline: Internet Research
Activity 37
Appendix 3.13: How to Solve a Limiting Reactant Problem 38
Appendix 3.14: The Behaviour of Solid Copper Immersed in a Water
Solution of the Compound Silver Nitrate 39
Appendix 3.15: A Quantitative Investigation of the Reaction of a Metal with
Hydrochloric Acid 43
Appendix 3.16: Stoichiometry: Reactants, Products, and Enthalpy
Changes 48
Topic 4 Appendices 1
Appendix 4.1: Polar and Non-polar Substances 3
Appendix 4.2: Why Don’t Water and Oil Mix? 7
Appendix 4.3: Constructing a Solubility Curve 8
Appendix 4.4: Unsaturated, Saturated and Supersaturated Solutions 13
Appendix 4.5: Crystals and Crystal Growing 15
Appendix 4.6: Solubility Curve 17
Appendix 4.7: The Effects of Salt and Antifreeze on the Melting
Point of Ice 18
Appendix 4.8: The Effect of Antifreeze on the Boiling Point of Water 19
Appendix 4.9: Heat Transfer: I Scream, You Scream, We All Scream for
Ice Cream 20
Appendix 4.10: The Effect of Salt on the Melting Point of Ice 22
Appendix 4.11: A WebQuest for Solubility Units 25
Appendix 4.12: Solutions: A Scavenger Hunt 26
Topic 5 Appendices 1
Appendix 5.1: Underwater Fireworks 3
Appendix 5.2: Preparation of Esters 6
Appendix 5.3: Organic Model-Building Presentation 9
Appendix 5.4: Esters: Flavours and Fragrances 10
General Appendices 1
Appendix 6: Scientific Communication 3
Appendix 7: Research 11
Appendix 8: Assessment 17
Appendix 9: Developing Assessment Rubrics in Science 23
Appendix 10: Assessment Rubrics 29
Appendix 11: General and Specific Learning Outcomes 39
Bibliography 1
vii

GRADE11 CHEMISTRY• Introduction
I
NTRODUCTION
Background
Grade 11 Chemistry: A Foundation for Implementation presents student learning
outcomes for Grade 11 Chemistry. These learning outcomes are the same for
students in the English, French Immersion, Français, and Senior Years Technology
Education Programs, and result from a partnership involving two divisions of
Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth: School Programs Division and Bureau
de l’éducation française Division.
Student learning outcomes are concise descriptions of the knowledge and skills [and
attitudes] that students are expected to learn in a course or grade in a subject area
(Manitoba Education and Training, AFoundation for Excellence 14).
Manitoba’s student learning outcomes for Grade 11 Chemistry are based, in part,
on those found within the Common Framework of Science Learning Outcomes K to 12:
Pan-Canadian Protocol for Collaboration on School Curriculum (Council of Ministers of
Education, Canada) and on those developed as components of the 1998 Manitoba
Transitional Curricula. The former, commonly referred to as the Pan-Canadian
Science Framework, was initiated under the Pan-Canadian Protocol for Collaboration
on School Curriculum (1995). It was developed by educators from Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, the Yukon
Territory, Ontario, and the Atlantic Provinces.
Grade 11 Chemistry: A Foundation for Implementation provides the basis for learning,
teaching, and assessing chemistry in Manitoba. This document also serves as a
starting point for future development of curriculum support documents, related
teacher support materials, learning resources, assessment tools, and professional
learning for teachers. This document also complements the Pan-Canadian Science
Framework by providing support for its implementation, including suggestions for
instruction and assessment.
Vision for Scientific Literacy
Factors such as global interdependence, rapid scientific and technological
innovation, the need for a sustainable environment, economy, and society, and the
pervasiveness of science and technology in daily life reinforce the importance of
scientific literacy. Scientifically literate individuals can more effectively interpret
information, solve problems, make informed decisions, accommodate change, and
achieve new understandings. Science education makes possible the development of
the foundations necessary to develop a functional scientific literacy and assists in
building stronger futures for Canada’s young people.
Introduction – 1