Table Of ContentGOVERNANCE IN MODERN SOCIETY
Library of Public Policy and Public Administration
Volume 4
General Editor:
DICK W.P. RUITER
Faculty of Public Administration and Public Policy,
University ofTwente,
Enschede, The Netherlands
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
GOVERNANCE IN MODERN
SOCIETY
Effects, Change and Formation of Government Institutions
Edited by
Oscar van Heffen
Center for Higher Education Policy Studies,
University of Twente,
Netherlands Institute of Government
Walter J .M. Kickert
Faculty of Social Sciences,
Erasmus University Rotterdam
and
Jacques lA. Thomassen
Faculty of Public Administration and Public Policy,
University of Twente,
Netherlands Institute of Government
••
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-5594-1 ISBN 978-94-015-9486-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-9486-8
Printed on acid-free paper
AlI Rights Reserved
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2000
No part ot the matenal protectea oy thlS copyngnt notIce may De reproouceo or
utilized in any fonn or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any infonnation storage and
retrieval system, without written pennission from
the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface 1
Introduction: multi-level and multi-actor governance 3
Oscar van Heffen, Walter Kickert and Jacques Thomassen
1. Some developments in politico-administrative systems 3
2. Structure of the book 6
3. References 10
Part I Effects of Government Institutions 13
The comitology game:
European policymaking with parliamentary involvement 15
Bernard Steunenberg and Dieter Schmidtchen
1. Introduction 15
2. Analyzing policymaking under different arrangements: general framework 17
3. Commission policies under the current implementation procedures 21
4. Strategic power under the current implementation procedures 22
5. Alternative procedures with parliamentary involvement 26
6. The balance of power under the new arrangements 27
7. Conclusion 29
8. References 30
9. Appendix. Structure and solutions to the games discussed 31
Institutional change in the emerging European polity 35
Kees van Kersbergen, Robert H. Lieshout and Bertj an Verbeek
1. Introduction 35
2. Some preliminary remarks on sovereignty 37
3. Institutional change at the constitutional level: making history 38
4. Institutional change at the level ofEU policy arenas:
setting and shaping policy 45
5. Institutional change at the national level: setting and shaping policy 51
6. Conclusion 57
7. References 58
The secret and cost of success: institutional change and policy change 61
Michiel S. de Vries
1. Introduction 61
2. The theory of policy generations 64
3. Fifty years of national policy making in the Netherlands 65
4. The secret of success 81
VI
5. Reflection and conclusion 83
6. References 85
The swamp of Dutch politics: how the impact of modernization on political
behavior is modified by institutional context 87
Kees Aarts, Jacques Thomassen and Pieter van Wijnen
1. Introduction 87
2. Social and political changes: the theory of modernization 88
3. Political interest and sense of efficacy 89
4. Electoral participation 96
5. Party choice 101
6. The quality of democracy 106
7. References 107
Interactive decision making and representative democracy:
institutional collisions and solutions 109
Erik-Hans Klijn and Joop F.M. Koppenjan
1. Introduction 109
2. Interactive decision making: A new trend? 110
3. Interactive decision making and democratic perspectives 118
4. Interactive policy making and representative politics:
The case of the BijImermeer 121
5. Reconciling two democratic traditions: Institutional redesign 128
6. Redefining primacy of politics: the probability of a change in political roles 132
7. References 133
Is mediation a suitable alternative to court trials?
An assessment of institutional effects on the processing of disputes 135
Mirjan Oude Vrielink
1. Introduction 135
2. Institutions 136
3. Institutional structure of court trials and mediation 137
4. Institutional effects on the processing of disputes 142
5. Democratic values and standards 145
6. The Dutch governmental reorientation assessed 148
7. Summary and conclusion 150
8. References 152
Institutionalism: state models and policy processes 153
Oscar van Heffen and Pieter-Jan Klok
1. Introduction 153
2. Theories of the state 154
3. An outline of three alternative state models 161
4. Institutional and actor orientated approaches 166
5. State models, institutions and instrumental tactics 175
6. References 176
CONTENTS VII
Part II Change of government institutions 179
Restructuring a corporatist welfare state:
managed liberalization and the role of the state, the social partners and the
market in Dutch social security and labor market policy 181
Romke van der Veen
1. Introduction 181
2. Restructuring the Dutch welfare state: an institutional approach 182
3. The pitfalls ofa regulated market for social policy 186
4. Managed liberalization 188
5. An institutional deadlock and a reversal of the process of managed
liberalization? 193
6. Paradoxical results of the process of managed liberalization 197
7. References 200
Administrative conditions to institutional politics:
federalism in an unitary state 203
Theo A.J. Toonen
1. Introduction 203
2. Regional paradoxes in a unitary state: a call for constitutional analysis 204
3. Institutional transformation:
consensual governance in the development of the Dutch state 207
4. The administrative condition of politics:
the mobilization of consociationalism 210
5. The political condition of institutional administrative development:
'pillarization' as regional governance 213
6. Conclusion: consequences for contemporary institutional development 218
7. References 220
Public governance in Europe: a historical-institutional tour d'horizon 223
Walter J.M. Kickert and Jan L.M. Hakvoort
1. Introduction 223
2. History of states 226
3. History of administrations 229
4. Legal systems compared: public or common law 232
5. Public governance in small continental European states:
consensus democracy and corporatism 236
6. Public governance in small continental European states:
four illustrative examples 240
7. Conclusions and discussion: public governance in Europe 249
8. References 253
viii
Information and communication technology and the redefinition of the
functional and normative boundaries of government 257
Victor 1.I.M. Bekkers
1. Introduction 257
2. Organizational jurisdictions and legal boundaries 258
3. Other organizational models and other organizational boundaries 260
4. About the nature of organizational boundaries 264
5. Interorganizational information processing 265
6. Re-defining organizational boundaries 267
7. The management of organizational boundaries and changing
organizational jurisdictions: an institutional perspective 273
8. References 277
Part III Formation of government institutions 279
The mobilization of bias revisited: institutional design, cultural bias
and policy-oriented learning 281
Frank Hendriks
1. Introduction 281
2. Cultural biases and policy-oriented learning 281
3. Excursion: policy making for the motor car in Munich and Birmingham 285
4. Douglasian cultural theory and the institutional factor 286
5. Shaping identities: formative aspects of institutional design 288
6. Arranging interaction: relational aspects of institutional design 290
7. Excursion: institutional design and policy making
in Munich and Birmingham 293
8. Conclusion 295
9. References 296
Interactive policy making as a serious alternative:
Balancing between an open and closed approach 299
Monique Esselbrugge
1. Introduction 299
2. Redesigning decision making: the interactive approach 301
3. Typology of open and closed approaches 305
4. Process management: balancing between an open and closed structure 308
5. References 311
Process Management 313
Hans de Bruijn and Ernst ten Heuvelhof
1. Introduction 313
2. Process management as institutional design 313
3. Advantages and disadvantages of process management 315
4. Five aspects of process management 317
CONTENTS ix
5. Lessons: demands on a process approach 323
6. Conclusion 327
7. References 328
Managing public-private partnerships: influencing processes
and institutional context of public-private partnerships 329
Erik-Hans Klijn and Geert R. Teisman
1. Introduction: public-private partnerships as a governance strategy 329
2. The context for pUblic-private partnerships:
The development of a network society 330
3. The difference between partnership and contracting out 333
4. Transparency and trust as preconditions in creating quality 339
5. Managing pUblic-private partnerships: three types of strategy 341
6. Conclusion: the combination of management strategies 345
7. References 346
Legal institutions as systems of legal norms 349
Dick W.P. Ruiter
1. Introduction 349
2. Legal institutions: systems of rules 350
3. Constitutive, institutive, terminative, and consequential rules 352
4. Relations between legal powers and legal institutions 355
5. Creating legal norms 357
6. Norms in a wide sense 361
7. The nature oflegal institutions 363
8. A classifications oflegal institutions 363
9. Conclusion 365
10. References 366
Contributors 367
Index 373
PREFACE
This book is the immediate result of the co-operation of a great number of scholars
in the Netherlands Institute of Government (NIG). NIG is an interuniversity research
school. As such it has a double task. In addition to offering a Ph.D program to
students in Public Administration it also is a research institute in which a great
number of scholars from seven Dutch universities participate and work on a
common research program.
The chapters in this book are all products of the research program that started in
1995. This program had the ambition to explore the frontiers of the discipline in two
respects. First by studying a number of recent developments in society and their
consequences for the functioning of government. These consequences can be
summarised as the development of a system of multi level and multi actor
governance. Second, by contributing to the knowledge of institutions, both by
studying what factors are most important in the formation and change of institutions
and by studying the effects of institutions on the behaviour of actors in different
political and administrative settings.
Most contributions to this volume either have their origin in conferences organized
by the NIG or were published as an NIG working paper. We are grateful to Marcia
Clifford and Connie Hoekstra who prepared the final version of the manuscript, to
Ian Priestnall who took care of the language editing and to an anonymous reviewer
whose comments were gratefully used.
Enschede and Rotterdam, July 2000
Oscar van Heffen
Walter Kickert
Jacques Thomassen
