Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Molecules and Receptors

345 Pages·2002·26.873 MB·English

by  Ishwar S. Parhar (Eds.)

PROGRESSINBRAINRESEARCH
VOLUME141
GONADOTROPIN-RELEASINGHORMONE:MOLECULESANDRECEPTORS
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PROGRESSINBRAINRESEARCH
VOLUME141
GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE:
MOLECULES AND RECEPTORS
EDITEDBY
ISHWARS.PARHAR
DepartmentofPhysiology,NipponMedicalSchool,
Tokyo113-8602,Japan
ELSEVIER
AMSTERDAM–BOSTON–LONDON–NEWYORK–OXFORD–PARIS
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Gonadotropin-releasinghormone:moleculesandreceptors/editedbyIshwarS.
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Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-444-50979-8(alk.paper)--ISBN0-444-80104-9(series)
1.Luteinizinghormonereleasinghormone.2.Luteinizinghormonereleasing
hormone--Receptors.3.Neurochemistry.I.Parhar,IshwarS.,1958-II.Series.
[DNLM:1.Gonadotropins--physiology.2.Receptors,Gonadotropin--physiology.WK
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v
List of Contributors
Y.Arai,DepartmentofHumanSciences,UniversityofHumanandArts,Iwatsuki,Saitama
339-8539,Japan
L. Asarian, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and
Surgeons,NewYork,NY10032,USA
M. Blomenröhr, Department of Experimental Zoology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8,
3584CHUtrecht,TheNetherlands
J. Bogerd, Department of Experimental Zoology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584
CHUtrecht,TheNetherlands
P.-M.Bouloux,CentreforNeuroendocrinology,RoyalFreeandUniversityCollegeMedical
School,LondonNW32QG,UK
J.P. Chang, Departmentof BiologicalSciences,Universityof Alberta,CW 405 Biological
SciencesCentre,Edmonton,ABT6G2E9,Canada
G.Childs,DepartmentofAnatomy,UniversityofArkansasforMedicalSciences,4301W.
MarkhamStreet,SlotNo.510,LittleRock,AK72205,USA
A.D’Aniello,StazioneZoologica,VillaComunale,80100Napoli,Italy
W.L.Dees,DepartmentofVeterinaryAnatomyandPublicHealth,TexasA&MUniversity,
UniversityDrive,CollegeStation,TX77843,USA
M.M.DiFiore,DepartmentofLifeSciences,SUN,ViaVivaldi43,81100Caserta,Italy
H.L.Eisthen,DepartmentofZoology,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,MI48824,
USA
M. Fiorentino, Department of Zoology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocan-
none8,80134Napoli,Italy
A.Franchi,CentrodeEstudiosFarmacólogicosyBotánicosCONICET,Serrano669,1414
BuenosAires,Argentina
T. Funabashi, Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine,
3-9Fukuura,Kanazawa-ku,Yokohama236-0004,Japan
K. Gen, Inland Station, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research
Agency,224-1,Hiruta,Tamaki,Watarai,Mie519-0423,Japan
H.Goos,DepartmentofExperimentalZoology,UtrechtUniversity,Padualaan8,3584CH
Utrecht,TheNetherlands
A.C.Gore,KastorNeurobiologyofAgingLaboratories,Mount SinaiSchoolofMedicine,
Box1639,1425MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10029,USA
H.R. Habibi, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive,N.W.Calgary,ABT2N1N4,Canada
J.Han,SchoolofBiologicalSciences,SeoulNationalUniversity,Seoul,151-742,Korea
F.Hirahara,DepartmentofGynecologyandObstetrics,YokohamaCityUniversitySchool
ofMedicine,3-9Fukuura,Kanazawa-ku,Yokohama,236-0004,Japan
vi
Y.Hu,CentreforNeuroendocrinology,RoyalFreeandUniversityCollegeMedicalSchool,
LondonNW32QG,UK
L. Iela, Department of Zoology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8,
80134Napoli,Italy
L.Jennes,DepartmentofAnatomy andNeurobiology, Universityof Kentucky, Collegeof
Medicine,430HealthScienceResearchBuilding,Lexington,KY40536,USA
H.Kagawa,NationalResearchInstituteofAquaculture,FisheriesResearchAgency,422-1,
Nakatsuhamaura,Nansai,Watarai,Mie516-0913,Japan
S.S.Kakar,DepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofLouisville,Louisville,KY40202,USA
S. Karanth, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400
PerkinsRoad,BatonRouge,LA70808-4124,USA
K.L. Keen, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, 1223 Capital Court, Madison,
WI53715-1299,USA
M. Khalil, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University,
CollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons,NewYork,NY10032,USA
H.H. Kim, Department of Obstetricsand Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5839 South
MarylandAvenue,MC5053,Chicago,IL60637,USA
K.Kim,SchoolofBiologicalSciences,SeoulNationalUniversity,Seoul,151-742,Korea
F.Kimura,DepartmentofPhysiology,YokohamaCityUniversitySchoolofMedicine,3-9
Fukuura,Kanazawa-ku,Yokohama236-0004,Japan
C. Klausen, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive,N.W.Calgary,ABT2N1N4,Canada
N. Kumakura, Department of Aquatic Biosciences,Tokyo Universityof Fisheries,Tokyo,
108-8477,Japan
S. Lakhlani, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, College
ofMedicine,430HealthScienceResearchBuilding,Lexington,KY40536,USA
M. Lasaga, Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Fac. Medicine, UBA, Buenos
Aires,Argentina
R. Leurs, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Free University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081
HVAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
W. Lin, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, College of
Medicine,430HealthScienceResearchBuilding,Lexington,KY40536,USA
A. Lomniczi, Centro de Estudios Farmacólogicos y Botánicos CONICET, Serrano 669,
1414BuenosAires,Argentina
G. MacColl, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Royal Free and University College Medical
School,LondonNW32QG,UK
M.T. Malik, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202,
USA
C.A. Mastronardi, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University,
6400PerkinsRoad,BatonRouge,LA70808-4124,USA
S.M. McCann, Pennington Biomedical ResearchCenter, Louisiana State University, 6400
PerkinsRoad,BatonRouge,LA70808-4124,USA
B.Miller,DepartmentofAnatomyandNeuroscience,UniversityofTexasMedicalBranch,
301UniversityBoulevard,MRB10104,Galveston,TX77555-1043,USA
D.Mitsushima,DepartmentofPhysiology,YokohamaCityUniversitySchoolofMedicine,
3-9Fukuura,Kanazawa-ku,Yokohama236-0004,Japan
C. Mohn, Centro de Estudios Farmacólogicos y Botánicos CONICET, Serrano 669, 1414
BuenosAires,Argentina
vii
A. Mori, Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Tokyo,
108-8477,Japan
S. Murakami, Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Hongo,
Tokyo,113-8421,Japan
T.J.Nakamura,DepartmentofPhysiology,YokohamaCityUniversitySchoolofMedicine,
3-9Fukuura,Kanazawa-ku,Yokohama236-0004,Japan
Y. Oka, MisakiMarine BiologicalStation,Graduate School of Science,The Universityof
Tokyo,Kanagawa,238-0225,Japan
K.Okuzawa,InlandStation,NationalResearchInstituteofAquaculture,FisheriesResearch
Agency,224-1,Hiruta,Tamaki,Watarai,Mie519-0423,Japan
I.S.Parhar,DepartmentofPhysiology,NipponMedicalSchool,Tokyo113-8602,Japan
D.W. Pfaff, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230
YorkAvenue,Box275,NewYork,NY10021,USA
S. Radovick, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, 5839 South Maryland
Avenue,MC5053,Chicago,IL60637,USA
R.K.Rastogi,DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofNaplesFedericoII,ViaMezzocannone
8,80134Napoli,Italy
V. Rettori,Centro de EstudiosFarmacólogicosyBotánicos CONICET, Serrano669, 1414
BuenosAires,Argentina
T.A. Richter,Wisconsin National Primate ResearchCenter, 1223 Capital Court, Madison,
WI53715-1299,USA
E.F.Rissman,DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularGenetics,UniversityofVirginia
MedicalSchool,P.O.Box800733,Charlottesville,VA22908,USA
Y.Sakuma,DepartmentofPhysiology,NipponMedicalSchool,Sendagi1,Bunkyo,Tokyo
113,Japan
M. Schwanzel-Fukuda, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller Uni-
versity,1230YorkAvenue,Box275,NewYork,NY10021,USA
C. Scorticati, Centro de Estudios Farmacólogicos y Botánicos CONICET, Serrano 669,
1414BuenosAires,Argentina
T.Seki,DepartmentofAnatomy,JuntendoUniversity,SchoolofMedicine,Hongo,Tokyo,
113-8421,Japan
J.Y. Seong, Hormone ResearchCenter,Chonnam NationalUniversity, Kwangju, 500-757,
Korea
K. Shinohara, Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine,
3-9Fukuura,Kanazawa-ku,Yokohama236-0004,Japan
R.Silver,DepartmentofPsychology,BarnardCollege,NewYork,NY10032,USA
A.-J. Silverman,DepartmentofAnatomy andCell Biology, Columbia University,College
ofPhysiciansandSurgeons,NewYork,NY10032,USA
G.H.Son,SchoolofBiologicalSciences,SeoulNationalUniversity,Seoul,151-742,Korea
S. Sower, Departmentof Biochemistryand MolecularBiology, Universityof New Hamp-
shire,46CollegeRoad,Room310,Durham,NH03824,USA
S. Srinivasan, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University
MedicalCenter,Box3497,028CARLBuilding,Durham,NC27710,USA
K.Suyama,DepartmentofPhysiology,YokohamaCityUniversitySchoolofMedicine,3-9
Fukuura,Kanazawa-ku,Yokohama236-0004,Japan
J.L.Temple,DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofVirginia,P.O.Box400328,275Gilmer
Hall,Charlottesville,VA22903,USA
viii
E. Terasawa,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison,
WI53715-1299,USA
T. Uemura, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fujisawa City Hospital, 2-6-1
Fujisawa,Fujisawa251-0052,Japan
P. Vissio, Centro de Estudios Farmacólogicos y Botánicos CONICET, Serrano 669, 1414
BuenosAires,Argentina
W.C.Wetsel,DepartmentsofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciences,DukeUniversityMedical
Center,Box3497,028CARLBuilding,Durham,NC27710,USA
A.F. Wiechmann, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences
Center,940S.L.YoungBoulevard,OklahomaCity,OK73104,USA
S.J. Winters, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202,
USA
C.R. Wirsig-Wiechmann, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health
SciencesCenter,940S.L.YoungBoulevard,OklahomaCity,OK73104,USA
A.Wolfe,DepartmentofPediatrics,UniversityofChicago,5839SouthMarylandAvenue,
MC5053,Chicago,IL60637,USA
S. Yamaguchi, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresources Science, Faculty of
Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka
812-8581,Japan
W.H. Yu, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400
PerkinsRoad,BatonRouge,LA70808-4124,USA
ix
Preface
Gonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH,previouslycalledluteinizing-hormonereleas-
ing hormone = LHRH) represents the first step in a cascade of events coordinating the
complex physiology of reproduction and reproductive behavior in vertebrates. It was
initially assumed that GnRH occurred as a single molecular form, in the septo-preoptic
area of the vertebrate brain, and that it served a single function. However, over the last
decade, 13 structurally distinct forms of GnRHs have been isolated from different ver-
tebrate species. Recent research has also demonstrated the existence of GnRH receptor
subtypes,whichhaveevolvedinconjunctionwithdistinctGnRHligands.Themultiplicity
of GnRH moleculesand receptors has recentlyexpanded with the discovery of chickenII
GnRH in the brain of humans and other mammals. It has become increasingly clear that,
all vertebratespecies investigatedto date possess two or three different GnRH genes, and
that GnRH has multiple functions in addition to stimulatingthe release of gonadotropins.
Non-mammalianvertebratespecieshaveplayedacentralroleinthediscoveryofmolecular
diversity of GnRHs. Furthermore, comparative studies using different vertebrate models
show remarkable similarity in the distribution pattern of GnRH neurons. The embryonic
originofGnRHneuronsfromtheolfactoryplacodeandtheirsubsequentmigrationintothe
septo-preoptic area is unique among brain cells,which is evolutionarilyconserved among
vertebratespeciesrangingfromfishtohumans.
This volume summarizes the evolution and physiology of GnRH molecules and recep-
tors,andprovidesinsightastohowsocialbehaviorinfluencescellularandmolecularevents
in the brain from a comparative perspective. The chapters in this volume are divided into
three major sections: Development and Cell Migration, GnRH Receptors, and Physiology
andRegulation.Thereviewpapersaroseprimarilyfrom presentationsmadeattheSecond
InternationalSymposiumontheComparativeBiologyofGnRH,heldinPenang,Malaysia,
June2–4,2001;asatellitesymposium inconjunctionwiththeXIVInternationalCongress
of Comparative Endocrinology, Sorrento, Italy. In addition, leading neuroscientists doing
cutting-edge researchin the field of GnRH were invitedas authors to make this volume a
valuablereference.
I would like to acknowledge the cooperation and support received from the authors. I
am indebted to those who helped in organizing the symposium, in particular Dr. Tengku
SifzizulTengkuMuhammad,Dr.MalikMumtaz,andMs.DiljitKaurfromUniversitiSains
Malaysia. The assistance given by Maureen Twaig and Tom Merriweather at the Elsevier
officeismostgratefullyacknowledged.
IshwarS.Parhar
Tokyo,Japan