Gold Nanoparticles in Analytical Chemistry

618 Pages·2014·32.36 MB·English

by  Miguel Valcárcel and Ángela I. López-Lorente (Eds.)

Advisory Board
Joseph A. Caruso
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Hendrik Emons
Joint Research Centre, Geel, Belgium
Gary Hieftje
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Kiyokatsu Jinno
Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
Uwe Karst
University of Mu¨nster, Mu¨nster, Germany
Gyro¨gy Marko-Varga
AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden
Janusz Pawliszyn
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada
Susan Richardson
US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
Gold Nanoparticles in
Analytical Chemistry
Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry
Volume 66
Edited by
Miguel Valca´rcel and A´ngela I. Lo´pez-Lorente
Department of Analytical Chemistry
University of Co´rdoba
Co´rdoba, Spain
AMSTERDAMlBOSTONlHEIDELBERGlLONDONlNEWYORKlOXFORD
PARISlSANDIEGOlSANFRANCISCOlSINGAPORElSYDNEYlTOKYO
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Contributors to Volume 66
Mar´ıa Jesu´s Almendral Parra, Departamento de Qu´ımica Anal´ıtica, Nutricio´n y
Bromatolog´ıa,UniversityofSalamanca,PlazadelaMerceds/n,Salamanca,Spain
Vincenzo Amendola, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova,
Padova,Italy
PedroBaptista,CIGMH,DepartamentodeCieˆnciasdaVida,FaculdadedeCieˆnciase
Tecnologia,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa, Caparica,Portugal
Encarnacio´n Caballero-D´ıaz, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of
Co´rdoba,Co´rdoba,Spain
ShaoweiChen,DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofCalifornia,
SantaCruz,CA,USA
Han-Wen Cheng, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at
Binghamton,Binghamton,NY,USA
Jose´ M. Costa-Ferna´ndez, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry,
UniversityofOviedo,Oviedo,Spain
Patricia Crespo, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado and Dpto. F´ısica de Materiales,
UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid,Madrid,Spain
Elizabeth R. Crew, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at
Binghamton,Binghamton,NY,USA
JorgeRuizEncinar,DepartmentofPhysicalandAnalyticalChemistry,Universityof
Oviedo,Oviedo,Spain
Alfredo de la Escosura-Mun˜iz, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia
(ICN2),Bellaterra (Barcelona),Spain
SaraFigueiredo,CIGMH,DepartamentodeCieˆnciasdaVida,FaculdadedeCieˆncias
eTecnologia,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa, Caparica,Portugal
Ricardo Franco, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e
Tecnologia,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa, Caparica,Portugal
Miguel Angel Garc´ıa, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado and Dpto. F´ısica de Mate-
riales,UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid,Madrid,Spain
Ineˆs Gomes, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de
Cieˆncias,UniversidadedoPorto,Porto,Portugal;InstitutodeMedicinaMolecular,
FaculdadedeMedicinadaUniversidadedeLisboa, Lisboa,Portugal
Yan Guo, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of
InformationScienceandTechnology,Nanjing,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Departmentof
ChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,CA,USA
xv
xvi ContributorstoVolume66
AntonioHernando,InstitutodeMagnetismoAplicadoandDpto.F´ısicadeMateriales,
UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid,Madrid,Spain
DominikHu¨hn,FachbereichPhysik,PhilippsUniversita¨tMarburg,Marburg,Germany
Christine Kranz, Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of
Ulm,Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89081Ulm,Germany
BernhardLendl,InstituteofChemicalTechnologiesandAnalytics,ViennaUniversity
ofTechnology,Vienna,Austria
A´ngelaInmaculadaLo´pez-Lorente,DepartmentofAnalyticalChemistry,University
ofCo´rdoba,Co´rdoba,Spain
Jin Luo, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton,
Binghamton,NY,USA
MorenoMeneghetti,DepartmentofChemicalSciences,UniversityofPadova,Padova,
Italy
Arben Merkoc¸i, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra
(Barcelona), Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats (ICREA),
Barcelona,Spain
Boris Mizaikoff, Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of
Ulm,Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89081Ulm,Germany
Sara Sa´nchez Paradinas, Departamento de Qu´ımica Anal´ıtica, Nutricio´n y Broma-
tolog´ıa,UniversityofSalamanca,PlazadelaMerceds/n,Salamanca,Spain;Institut
fu¨r Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universita¨t Hannover,
Schneiderberg,Hannover,Germany
Wolfgang J. Parak, Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universita¨t Marburg, Marburg,
Germany
LuciaPasquato,DepartmentofChemicalandPharmaceuticalSciences,Universityof
Trieste,Trieste,Italy
Miguel Peixoto de Almeida, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica,
FaculdadedeCieˆncias,UniversidadedoPorto,Porto,Portugal
Paolo Pengo, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Trieste,Trieste,Italy
Eula´liaPereira,REQUIMTE,DepartamentodeQu´ımicaeBioqu´ımica,Faculdadede
Cieˆncias,UniversidadedoPorto,Porto,Portugal
Rosario Pereiro, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of
Oviedo,Oviedo,Spain
Josefina Pons, Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Science Faculty,
AutonomousUniversityofBarcelona,Barcelona, Spain
GeorgRamer,InstituteofChemicalTechnologiesandAnalytics,ViennaUniversityof
Technology,Vienna,Austria
Lourdes Rivas, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra
(Barcelona), Spain; Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Science
Faculty,AutonomousUniversityofBarcelona, Barcelona,Spain
AlfredoSanz-Medel,DepartmentofPhysicalandAnalyticalChemistry,Universityof
Oviedo,Oviedo,Spain
ContributorstoVolume66 xvii
ShiyaoShan,DepartmentofChemistry,StateUniversityofNewYorkatBinghamton,
Binghamton,NY,USA
Zakiya R. Skeete, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Bing-
hamton,Binghamton,NY,USA
LeonorSoares,REQUIMTE, Departamento deQu´ımicaeBioqu´ımica, Faculdade de
Cieˆncias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de
Qu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
Caparica, Portugal
Mauro Stener, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Trieste,Trieste,Italy
Laura Trapiella-Alfonso, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Univer-
sity ofOviedo,Oviedo,Spain
Marek Trojanowicz, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland and
Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and
Technology,Warsaw,Poland
Miguel Valca´rcel, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Co´rdoba,
Co´rdoba,Spain
Chuan-Jian Zhong, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at
Binghamton,Binghamton,NY,USA
Series Editor’s Preface
“Nanotechnology has been defined as the technology of the twenty-first
century,anditisexpectedthatthebroadrangeofnanomaterialstogetherwith
their applications on theglobal market will constantlyincrease in the coming
years.”ThissentencewaswrittentwoyearsagointheprefacetoVolume59of
Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Analysis and Risk of Nanomaterials in
Environmental and Food Samples, edited by myself and Dr M. Farre.
It is then obvious that there is a need for the Comprehensive Analytical
Chemistryseriestolookfornewbooksinthefieldofnanomaterials.Thistask
was relatively easy. In one of my regular telephone conversations with Prof.
MiguelValca´rcel,anoldfriendandwell-knownexpertinanalyticalchemistry,
he suggested editing a book on gold nanoparticles. I accepted immediately.
The book that you have in your hands contains 14 chapters. The first five
cover general aspects such as an introduction to analytical nanoscience and
nanotechnology, the synthesis, characterization, and toxicity of gold nano-
particles. In the second part, gold nanoparticles are considered as target ana-
lytes, with emphasis on their characterization and determination, including
spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, and separation techniques. Part three
describes the use of gold nanoparticles as analytical tools. They can be
incorporatedinelectrodes,andusedas(bio)chemicalsensorsaswellaslateral
flow biosensors.
With the comprehensive information on this type of nanoparticles, this
multipurpose book with novel applications in biology, the environment, and
foodisauseful addition tothe series andwillbeofgreat benefit tothe broad
nanoscience and nanotechnology community.
Finally I would like to thank both editors of this book, Miguel Valca´rcel
andA´ngelaI.Lo´pez-Lorente,fortheamountofwork,time,andexpertisethat
theydevotedtoit.Iwouldliketoacknowledgeaswellthevariouswell-known
authorsfortheircontributionsincompilingsuchaworld-classandtimelybook
that willbeofhelp tonewcomers,PhDstudents,and thosesenior researchers
whoconsidernanotechnologyasoneoftheemergingchallengesintheyearsto
come.
D. Barcelo´
IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, and ICRA, Girona
July 10, 2014
xix
Volume Editor’s Preface
Today we are immersed in a full expansion of Nanoscience and Nanotech-
nology (N&N). Analytical Science is an integral part of N&N since reliable
information about the nanoworld is crucial in order to make well-founded
scientific and technical decisions in this area. Two key facets of Analytical
NanoscienceandNanotechnology(AN&N)canbenoted:ontheonehand,the
consideration of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials as tools for the
innovationandimprovementof(bio)chemicalmeasurementprocesses,and,on
the other hand, their consideration as objects (analytes). The use of nano-
materialsasanalyticaltoolsisthemoredevelopedfield,however,thebalance
isboundtochangeoverthenextfewyearsduetothegrowingsignificanceof
thecharacterizationofnanomaterialsandthedevelopmentofnewinstruments
based on nanotechnological approaches.
Among the wide variety of nanoparticles commonly used in AN&N,
namely carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, gra-
phene, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, etc., semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum
dots), or metallic nanoparticles (i.e., silver, titanium oxide, or magnetic
nanoparticles),thisbookfocusesonnanoparticlesofaspecificnature:gold.In
thissense,thebookisuniqueasitpresentsasystematicreviewonthedifferent
aspects of gold nanoparticles in analytical chemistry. Without doubt, gold
nanoparticles are among the most relevant nanoparticles, having analytical
connotations at a similar level to carbon nanotubes.
The aim of this book is to bring gold nanoparticles closer to the reader
interestedinAN&N,providingacomprehensiveoverview.Althoughthefocus
isongoldnanoparticles, manyofthegeneralconclusionscan beextrapolated
to other nanoparticles. Those professionals working not only in AN&N but
also in different fields involving the use of gold nanoparticles, such as catal-
ysis,biologicalandmedicalapplications,canalsobenefitfromthebooksince
many of the exceptional properties of gold nanoparticles can be applied for
different purposes.
The 14 chapters are classified into three sections. First, basic aspects of
gold nanoparticles such as their synthesis, physicochemical properties, or
derivatization procedures are described in order to envisage their potential.
The second part of the book reviews the techniques employed for both the
characterization and determination of gold nanoparticles. The last part is
devoted to the improvement of analytical processes by using gold nano-
particles as tools in electrochemistry, spectroscopy, or biosensors.
xxi
xxii VolumeEditor’sPreface
The editors wish to express their gratitude to those who have helped to
bring this book to completion. We would like to thank to all the authors for
theircontributionsandtheexhaustiverevisions theyhaveperformed. Wealso
like to thank the cooperation of Elsevier and, for his technical support, Jose´
Manuel Membrives.
Miguel Valca´rcel
A´ngela I. Lo´pez-Lorente
July 2014
Chapter 1
Analytical Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology
A´ngela Inmaculada Lo´pez-Lorente and Miguel Valca´rcel*
DepartmentofAnalyticalChemistry,UniversityofCo´rdoba,Co´rdoba,Spain
*Correspondingauthor:E-mail:[email protected]
Chapter Outline
1. Contextualization 4 2.3 EvolutionandLimitof
1.1 Definitions 4 AnalyticalNanoscience
1.2 Classifications 5 andNanotechnology 17
1.3 SynthesisofNanoparticles 6 2.4 EthicalandSocial
1.4 TypesofNanoparticles 7 Implications 18
1.4.1 Organic 3. UseofNanoparticlesas Tools
Nanoparticles 9 inAnalytical Processes 19
1.4.2 Inorganic 3.1 Objectives 19
Nanoparticles 11 3.2 SampleTreatment:
1.4.3 Hybrid Purificationand
Nanoparticles 12 Preconcentration
1.5 Propertiesof ofAnalytes 20
Nanoparticles 12 3.3 Improvementof
2. IntroductiontoAnalytical Chromatographicand
Nanoscience Electrophoretic
andNanotechnology 13 Separations 22
2.1 FacetsofAnalytical 3.4 ImprovementofDetection
Nanoscienceand Processes 23
Nanotechnology 13 4. AnalysisofNanoparticles
2.2 TypesofAnalytical andNanostructuredMaterial 23
Systems 13 4.1 Informationfromthe
2.2.1 Nanometric Nanoworld 23
AnalyticalSystems 14 4.2 Determinationand
2.2.2 Nanotechnological Characterization of
AnalyticalSystems 15 Nanoparticles 24
2.2.3 Analytical 4.3 MicroscopicTechniques 25
Nanosystems 16 4.4 SeparationTechniques 26
GoldNanoparticlesinAnalyticalChemistry.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63285-2.00001-8
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