Table Of ContentGLOSSARY
for the
WORLDWIDE
TRANSPORTATION
of
DANGEROUS GOODS
HAZARDOUS
and
MATERIALS
Malcolm A. Fox
Springer
Acquiring Editor: Ken McCombs
Project Editor: William Heyward
Cover design: Dawn Boyd
Manufacturing: Carol Slatter
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fox, Malcolm (Malcom A.)
A glossary of terms for the worldwide transportation of dangerous goods
and hazardous materials 1 Malcom Fox.-1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-3-662-11892-4 ISBN 978-3-662-11890-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-11890-0
1. Hazardous substances - Transportation Dictionaries. I. Title.
T55.3.H3 F69 1999
604.7-dc21 99-36315
CIP
(Orders from outside the U.S.A. and Canada to Springer-Verlag)
ISBN 978-3-662-11892-4
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted
material is quoted with pennission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed.
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the
publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of ali materials or for the consequences of their use.
AII rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission of the publisher. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter
developed is forbidden.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and
are only used for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
© 1999 by Springer-Ve rlag Berlin Heidelberg
Originally published by CRC Press LLC in 1999
No claim to original U.S. Govemment works
International Standard Book Number 3-540-64822-4
Library ofCongress Card Number 99-36315
Printed on acid-free paper
To Odile
The tension before an explosion {as you already eknowsion)
Can cause a lot of commotion
And when the explosion occurs
Bang, crash. flash, and smash
There will be a lot of erosion
Hannah Fox, age 8
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... ix
Introduction ....................................................................................................... x
Regulatory Background .................................................................................. xii
How to Use the Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation ofD angerous
Goods and Hazardous Materials ............................................................ xiv
Adhesives .......................................................................................................... I
Aerosols ............................................................................................................ 3
Alcohols ............................................................................................................ 5
Alkaloids ........................................................................................................... 7
Ammunition ...................................................................................................... 8
Ammunition, Toxic ......................................................................................... 19
Antifreeze ....................................................................................................... 22
Antiknock Compounds ................................................................................... 23
Asbestos .......................................................................................................... 25
Batteries .......................................................................................................... 27
Bituminous Products ....................................................................................... 32
Bleach ............................................................................................................. 34
Carbon ............................................................................................................. 36
Castor Beans ................................................................................................... 3 8
Catalysts .......................................................................................................... 39
Chemical Kits and Samples ............................................................................ 40
Cleaning Liquids ............................................................................................. 42
.coal ................................................................................................................. 44
Corrosives and Class 8 .................................................................................... 47
Cosmetics and Perfumes ................................................................................. 52
Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials ................................................... 54
Dangerous When Wet Materials and Division 4.3 .......................................... 58
Drugs and Medicines ...................................................................................... 61
Dyes and Pigments .......................................................................................... 63
Elevated Temperature Materials ..................................................................... 65
Environmentally Hazardous Substances ......................................................... 67
Explosive Articles ........................................................................................... 69
Explosives and Class 1. ................................................................................... 74
Extracts ........................................................................................................... 86
Fertilizers ........................................................................................................ 8 8
Fibres and Fibrous Products ............................................................................ 90
Fire Extinguishers ........................................................................................... 94
Flammable Liquids and Class 3 ...................................................................... 96
Flammable Solids and Division 4.1 ................................................................ 99
Gases and Class 2 .......................................................................................... 10 4
Halogenated Polyphenyls ............................................................................. 111
vii
Table of Contents
Hazardous Waste .......................................................................................... 113
Infectious Substances and Division 6.2 ........................................................ 115
Initiating Explosives ..................................................................................... 119
Inorganic Compounds ................................................................................... 128
Leather .......................................................................................................... 132
Lifesaving Equipment ................................................................................... 134
Lighters ......................................................................................................... 137
Magnetized Materials .................................................................................... 139
Marine Pollutants .......................................................................................... 141
Matches ......................................................................................................... 143
Mercury ......................................................................................................... 145
Metallurgical By-Products ............................................................................ 147
Metals, Alloys ............................................................................................... 151
Metals, Elemental Products .......................................................................... 153
Metals, Inorganic Compounds ...................................................................... 156
Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (including Class 9) .................................. 158
Nitrocellulose Products ................................................................................. 161
Organic Compounds ..................................................................................... 164
Organometallics and Related Compounds .................................................... 167
Oxidizers and Class 5 .................................................................................... 170
Oxygen Generators ....................................................................................... 173
Paints and Coatings ....................................................................................... 175
Pesticides ...................................................................................................... 179
Petroleum ...................................................................................................... 183
Pine Products ................................................................................................ 188
Polymers and Resins ..................................................................................... 189
Pressurized Articles ...................................................................................... 193
Pyrotechnics and Signals .............................................................................. 194
Radioactive Materials and Class 7 ................................................................ 200
Refrigerants and Halocarbons ....................................................................... 215
Refrigerating Machines ................................................................................. 218
Self-Propelled Vehicles ................................................................................ 219
Solid Bulk Materials ..................................................................................... 221
Solvents ......................................................................................................... 224
Spontaneously Combustible Materials and Division 4.2 .............................. 226
Terminology ................................................................................................. 229
Tires .............................................................................................................. 254
Toxic Substances and Division 6.1 ............................................................... 255
Units ofMeasure ........................................................................................... 258
References ..................................................................................................... 263
Index of UN Numbers ................................................................................... 275
Index ofEntries ............................................................................................. 285
viii
Acknowledgements
The following international transportation authorities kindly granted per
mission to reprint portions of their standards related to dangerous goods
classification and identification:
o The United Nations, extracts from the Recommendations on the Trans
port of Dangerous Goods.
o The International Maritime Organization, extracts from the International
Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.
o The International Atomic Energy Agency, extracts from the Regulations
for the Safe Transport ofR adioactive Material.
o The International Civil Aviation Organization, extracts from the Tech
nical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.
o The International Air Transport Association, extracts from the Danger
ous Goods Regulations.
A number of individuals generously spared time to review and comment on
the text including Dick Elbourne, International Air Transport Association;
Marion Fox; Ralph Kummler, PhD, Associate Dean for Research and Direc
tor, Hazardous Waste Management Programs, College of Engineering,
Wayne State University; Jonathan Swindell, McLaren!Hart Inc.; and Dick
Wentworth, Hazardous Materials Coordinator, NAO Logistics, General Mo
tors Corporation. Thanks also to my students at Wayne State University and
elsewhere. From their questions I drew the inspiration for this book.
Labelmaster in Chicago, Illinois, gave me access to the latest revisions of the
above texts, and the following companies provided additional research Ill
formation:
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
0
Morton International, Inc.
0
The Ensign-Bickford Company
0
In order that readers of subsequent editions may benefit from your sugges
tions, comments related to omissions and shortcomings will be most wel
come.
ix
Introduction
Worldwide, 500,000 shipments of materials which pose chemical, physical,
or biological risks to human health, property, or the environment are made
each day by air, rail, road, sea, and inland waterways totalling over 3.6 bil
lion metric tons each year.1 To ensure safety during transportation, the
means by which these dangerous goods and hazardous materials2 are pack
aged and handled is prescribed by international authority including the
United Nations, the International Maritime Organization, the International
Atomic Energy Agency, the International Civil Aviation Organization, and
the International Air Transport Association, as well as national authorities
such as the Department of Transportation in the United States. In fact, the
United Nations establishes model regulations that function as recommenda
tions addressed to international organizations and national governments.
At the core of regulation lies hazard identification: once accurately identi
fied, the hazards of dangerous goods may be communicated and the material
safely packaged, segregated, transported, and handled by qualified personnel.
Incorrectly identified materials increase greatly the risk of explosion, fire,
poisoning, or some other mishap. To aid identification, each authority
maintains a list of the articles, substances, and materials it regulates compris
ing thousands of entries including chemical names, industry-specific terms,
tradenames, generic descriptions, and other specialized terms common to the
language of transportation. While much of this language is recognizable,
some is less well understood even to transportation, environmental, and
health professionals.
The Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation of Dangerous Goods and
Hazardous Materials (the Glossary) explains these specialized terms using
simple language, understandable to shippers around the world. Thereby, it
functions as a guide to all those with the fundamental responsibility to iden
tify the hazards and proper shipping names of regulated materials for domes
tic or international shipment. Specifically, the Glossary
Describes around 1400 entries3 in the lists of regulated dangerous goods
0
and hazardous materials maintained by major international and national
transportation authorities.
1KOE.
2 The term dangerous goods is used internationally; hazardous materials describes the
same materials and is used in the United States and other countries. The terms are used in
terchangeably in the Glossary.
3 The Glossary does not explain standard chemical names for which many excellent
chemical dictionaries are available (although many chemicals are used as examples to ex
plain certain generic entries).
X
Introduction
Sorts these entries into 75 related subjects to discuss them in context and
0
bring out subtle but critical differences between similar entries.
Explains why certain articles, materials, and substances are considered
0
dangerous.
Explains the language used in the regulatory lists to describe chemical
0
groups, chemical and physical phenomena, chemical processes, and
chemical nomenclature.
Presents side-by-side and for comparison regulatory defmitions provided
0
by the major transportation authorities.
Finally, the language of international transportation is English. The Glossary
is particularly intended to support the compliance and safety efforts of those
for whom English is not their flrst language.
As those involved in transportation understand, it is among the shipper's re
sponsibilities to ensure that dangerous goods and hazardous materials are
properly identified; the Glossary is not a substitute for the regulations in this
endeavour. Rather, the Glossary may serve to confirm a classification or as a
pointer for additional research. Ultimately, it is left to the discretion of the
reader to determine whether the descriptions and properties described in this
text match those of any particular material.
xi
