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Global Re-introduction
Perspectives: 2010
Additional case-studies from around the globe
Edited by Pritpal S. Soorae
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INTERNATIONALUNION s
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FORCONSERVATIONOFNATURE 2
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WORLDHEADQUARTERS 1
RueMauverney28 0
1196Gland,Switzerland
[email protected]
Tel+41229990000
Fax+41229990002 IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group (RSG)
www.iucn.org
IUCN
Founded in 1948, IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) brings
together States, government agencies and a diverse range of nongovernmental
organizations in a unique world partnership: over 1,000 members in all, spread across
some 160 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies
throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that
any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. IUCN builds on the
strengths of its members, networks and partners to enhance their capacity and to support
global alliances to safeguard natural resources at local, regional and global levels.
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC)
The SSC is a science-based network of close to 8,000 volunteer experts from almost every
country of the world, all working together towards achieving the vision of, “A world that
values and conserves present levels of biodiversity.”
Environment Agency - ABU DHABI (EAD)
The EAD was established in 1996 to preserve Abu Dhabi’s natural heritage, protect our
future, and raise awareness about environmental issues. EAD is Abu Dhabi’s
environmental regulator and advises the government on environmental policy. It works to
create sustainable communities, and protect and conserve wildlife and natural resources.
EAD also works to ensure integrated and sustainable water resources management, and
to ensure clean air and minimize climate change and its impacts.
Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC)
The SWC in accordance with its mandate, the Commission strives to protect, conserve,
and develop the wildlife resources of Saudi Arabia, and the welfare of its people. SWC’s
main achievements include: development and implementation of protected area system
plan, establishment of 15 protected areas, development of National Biodiversity Strategy
and Action Plan, establishment of two research centers specialized in captive breeding and
re-introduction programs and the re-introduction of Arabian oryx, Reem and Idmi gazelles
as well as Houbara bustard.
Denver Zoological Foundation (DZF)
The DZF is a non-profit organization whose mission is to “secure a better world for animals
through human understanding.” DZF oversees Denver Zoo and conducts conservation
education and biological conservation programs at the zoo, in the greater Denver area, and
worldwide. Over 3,800 animals representing more than 650 species call Denver Zoo home.
A member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), Denver Zoo’s
accreditation from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) assures the highest
standards of animal care. A leader in environmental action, Denver Zoo was the first U.S.
zoo to receive ISO 14001 sustainability certification for its entire facility and operations.
This international certification ensures the zoo attains the highest environmental standards.
Since 1994, Denver Zoo has participated in well over 500 conservation projects in 55
countries. In 2009 alone, Denver Zoo participated in 80 projects in 22 countries and spent
more than $1 million to support of wildlife conservation in the field.
Re-introduction Specialist Group (RSG)
The RSG is a network of specialists whose aim is to combat the ongoing and massive loss
of biodiversity by using re-introductions as a responsible tool for the management and
restoration of biodiversity. It does this by actively developing and promoting sound inter-
disciplinary scientific information, policy, and practice to establish viable wild populations in
their natural habitats.
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The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material,
do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or any of the
funding organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN.
Published by: IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group & Environment Agency-ABU
DHABI
Copyright: 2010 International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources.
Citation: Soorae, P. S. (ed.) (2010) GLOBAL RE-INTRODUCTION
PERSPECTIVES: Additional case-studies from around the globe. IUCN/
SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, Abu Dhabi, UAE, xii + 352 pp.
ISBN: 978-2-8317-1320-5
Cover photo: Clockwise starting from top-left:
i. Damselfly, UK © PC Watts
ii. Corn crake, UK © Andy Hay (rspb-images.com)
iii. Western prairie fringed orchid, USA © Margaret From
iv. Arabian oryx, Saudi Arabia © M. Z. Islam
v. Corroboree frog, Australia © D. Hunter
Cover design
& layout by: Pritpal S. Soorae, IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group
Produced by: IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group & Environment Agency-ABU
DHABI
Download
document at: www.iucnsscrsg.org
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Global Re-introduction
Perspectives
Additional case-studies from around the globe
Edited by Pritpal S. Soorae
IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group (RSG)
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CONTENTS
Letter from H. E. Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak, EAD ...................................... viii
Letter from Bandar bin Saud bin Mohammad Al-Saud, SWC ..................... ix
Letter from Richard Reading, DZF .............................................................. x
Overview and analysis of re-introduction case-studies ............................... xi
Invertebrates .............................................................................................. 1
Giant Gippsland earthworm in Australia ...................................................... 1
Leaf-vein slug in New Zealand .................................................................... 6
Tree weta in New Zealand ........................................................................... 9
Flax snail in New Zealand ........................................................................... 12
Lord Howe Island Phasmid in Australia ....................................................... 17
Endangered pine hoverfly in the UK ............................................................ 21
Miami blue butterfly in Florida, U.S.A. ......................................................... 25
Southern Damselfly in the UK ..................................................................... 29
San Francisco forktail damselfly in California, USA .................................... 33
Fish ............................................................................................................. 37
Bullheads in Flanders, Belgium ................................................................... 37
Tokyo bitterling in Japan .............................................................................. 41
Yarqon bleak, Israel ..................................................................................... 45
Colorado pikeminnow in rivers of the Western USA .................................... 49
Atlantic salmon in the River Sieg, Germany ................................................ 53
Adriatic sturgeon in the Ticino River, Italy ................................................... 58
Amphibians ................................................................................................ 62
Natterjack toad in the UK ............................................................................. 62
Kihansi spray toad in Tanzania ................................................................... 66
Southern Corroboree frog in Australia ......................................................... 72
Booroolong Frog in Australia ....................................................................... 77
Hamilton’s and Maud Island frog in central New Zealand ........................... 81
Reptiles ....................................................................................................... 88
Shore skinks to offshore islands in New Zealand ........................................ 88
Brothers Island tuatara in Cook Strait, New Zealand .................................. 93
Antiguan racer to offshore islands of Antigua, West Indies ......................... 98
Woma python in northern South Australia ................................................... 104
Babcock’s leopard tortoise, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ........................... 108
Duvaucel’s geckos to Tiritiri Matangi and Motuora Islands,
Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand ......................................................................... 113
Siamese crocodiles in Cambodia ................................................................ 118
Birds ............................................................................................................ 124
Corncrakes in the UK .................................................................................... 124
Grey partridge in the UK .............................................................................. 128
Asian houbara bustard in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .............................. 132
Black storks in Ticino Regional Park, Italy ................................................... 139
Saker falcon to Bulgaria, South-East Europe .............................................. 143
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Griffon vultures and Egyptian vultures in Bulgaria ....................................... 147
Malherbe’s parakeet to Maud Island, New Zealand .................................... 151
Red-fronted parakeet in New Zealand ......................................................... 155
Yellow-crowned kakariki in New Zealand .................................................... 160
Helmeted honeyeaters in Victoria, Australia ................................................ 165
Western bristlebird in Australia .................................................................... 171
Mount Lofty Ranges emu wren in Australia ................................................. 176
Socorro dove, in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico ............................ 182
Noisy scrub-bird in Western Australia ......................................................... 187
Mammals .................................................................................................... 193
Lesser short-tailed bats to Kapiti Island, New Zealand ............................... 193
Rock hyraxes in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ............................................. 198
Woylie at the Scotia Sanctuary, New South Wales, Australia ..................... 202
Tammar wallaby on Yorke Peninsula, Australia .......................................... 208
Yellow-footed rock-wallaby in South Australia ............................................. 215
African wild dogs in South Africa ................................................................. 220
Golden lion tamarins, Atlantic Coastal Forest, Brazil .................................. 225
Chimpanzees to the Conkouati-Douli NP, Congo ....................................... 231
Sumatran orangutan in Sumatra, Indonesia ................................................ 238
Bornean orangutans in East Kalimantan, Indonesia ................................... 243
Black rhinoceros in North Luangwa National Park, Zambia ........................ 249
Asiatic black bear in Jirisan National Park, South Korea ............................. 254
Hirola antelope in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya ................................... 259
Roe deer in Ajloun Nature Reserve, Jordan ................................................ 265
Arabian oryx in Saudi Arabia ....................................................................... 269
Feasibility of translocating eastern bongo in Kenya .................................... 274
Amur Goral in Wolaksan National Park, South Korea ................................. 278
Apennine chamois in Gran Sasso-Laga National Park, Italy ....................... 281
African elephant in Kwazulu/Natal, South Africa ......................................... 285
Pygmy hog in N.W. Assam, India ................................................................ 290
Plants .......................................................................................................... 297
Whibley Wattle augmentation in South Australia ......................................... 297
Four rare ironstone endemic species in Beenup, SW Australia .................. 301
Monarto mintbush in South Australia ........................................................... 306
Resinous eremophilia in Western Australia ................................................. 311
Bermuda’s Governor Laffan fern in Bermuda .............................................. 316
The fern Diellia pallida in Kaua’i, Hawaiian Islands, U.S.A. ........................ 319
The parasitic plant dactylanthus in Waipapa, New Zealand ........................ 324
Augmenting orchid populations in Madagascar ........................................... 328
Heath spotted and early marsh orchids in Switzerland ............................... 332
Western prairie fringed orchid in Nebraska, USA ........................................ 336
Critically endangered spiny daisy in South Australia ................................... 340
Conservation introduction of a locally extinct fern species in Estonia ......... 345
Juniper scrub at Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park, Scotland .......................... 349
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H. E. Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak,
Assistant Secretary General,
Environment Agency - ABU DHABI
The Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) is a
governmental agency that was established in 1996. We
are committed to protecting and managing
biodiversity, providing a clean environment and
promoting Sustainable Development in the Emirate of
Abu Dhabi. The EAD has hosted the activities of the
IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group over
many years and Is pleased to see the publication of this book titled Global Re-
introduction Perspectives: 2010 which features case studies from all over the
globe and covering major animal and plant taxa.
This book highlights the conservation efforts being made worldwide to restore
animal and plant populations facing extinction due to various challenges. The
effects of climate change and unsustainable use of resources Is altering the
natural biodiversity of our planet. It is interesting to see the various efforts
being made globally against all these odds to re-introduce species.
The EAD is committed to giving environmental protection, regulation and
natural resources conservation a high priority on the national agenda. We
provide direction for Government, business and the community to build
environmental considerations into the way they plan and live without
compromising Abu Dhabi development.
We hope the lessons provided in this publication provide re-introduction
practitioners and conservationists alike useful lessons in the restoration of
biodiversity in the face of so many challenges and you find this book
informative and interesting as I have.
viii
Bandar bin Saud bin Mohammad Al-Saud,
Secretary General,
Saudi Wildlife Commission - Saudi Arabia
Wildlife conservation has a long history in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However it was through the
establishment of the Saudi Wildlife Commission
(SWC) in 1986 (formerly known as the National
Commission for Wildlife Conservation and
Development) that efforts in this direction were
concerted and formalized. The SWC’s main objective is
to conserve wildlife, including all native plant and animal species and their
habitats both terrestrial and marine. One of the first major projects of the SWC
focused on the protection and revival of high profile animal species such as the
Houbara bustard and the Arabian oryx.
Our achievements in the captive breeding and re-introduction of endangered
wildlife span a period of more than 20 years. Since 1991, over 1,000 Houbara
bustard have been successfully released and regularly monitored in two
protected areas. We are also proud that the legendary Arabian oryx, once
extinct in the wild, has been rescued through captive breeding and re-
introduction and now roams again in the Uruq Bani Maarid on the edge of the
Al-Rub” Al-Khali - the largest sand desert in the world, and in other arid
habitats in the Kingdom. For a complex process such as captive breeding and re
-introduction of endangered wildlife, one can only learn through the sharing
of knowledge and experience. Therefore, this publication will prove to be an
indispensible source for re-introduction programs world-wide. Our learning
from the captive breeding and re-introduction of Houbara bustard and the
Arabian oryx has further helped in initiating similar programs for other
endangered wildlife such as the Reem & Idmi gazelles and the red-necked
ostrich (of which case studies can be referred to in the first edition of this
book).
I congratulate my colleagues at the Saudi Wildlife Commission, the National
Wildlife Research Center and the King Khalid Wildlife Research Center for
contributing to this volume and for sharing their experiences from this part of
the world. The diverse articles published here provide an invaluable insight into
the subject and I am certain that this publication will not only enhance the
scientific knowhow on re-introduction but also further our cause in conserving
wildlife across the globe.
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