Global Information Warfare: How Businesses, Governments, and Others Achieve Objectives and Attain Competitive Advantages

686 Pages·2002·7.96 MB·English

by  Andy Jones

GLOBAL
INFORMATION
WARFARE
How Businesses, Governments,
and Others Achieve Objectives and
Attain Competitive Advantages
OTHER AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS
ABCs of IP Addressing Information Security Risk Analysis
Gilbert Held Thomas R. Peltier
ISBN: 0-8493-1144-6 ISBN: 0-8493-0880-1
Application Servers for E-Business Information Technology Control
Lisa M. Lindgren and Audit
ISBN: 0-8493-0827-5 Frederick Gallegos, Sandra Allen-Senft,
and Daniel P. Manson
Architectures for E-Business Systems
ISBN: 0-8493-9994-7
Sanjiv Purba, Editor
ISBN: 0-8493-1161-6 New Directions in Internet
Management
A Technical Guide to IPSec Virtual
Sanjiv Purba, Editor
Private Networks
ISBN: 0-8493-1160-8
James S. Tiller
ISBN: 0-8493-0876-3 New Directions in Project Management
Paul C. Tinnirello, Editor
Building an Information Security
ISBN: 0-8493-1190-X
Awareness Program
Mark B. Desman A Practical Guide to Security
ISBN: 0-8493-0116-5 Engineering and Information
Assurance
Computer Telephony Integration
Debra Herrmann
William Yarberry, Jr.
ISBN: 0-8493-1163-2
ISBN: 0-8493-9995-5
The Privacy Papers:
Cyber Crime Investigator’s
Managing Technology and Consumers,
Field Guide
Employee, and Legislative Action
Bruce Middleton
Rebecca Herold
ISBN: 0-8493-1192-6
ISBN: 0-8493-1248-5
Cyber Forensics:
Secure Internet Practices:
A Field Manual for Collecting,
Best Practices for Securing Systems
Examining, and Preserving Evidence
in the Internet and e-Business Age
of Computer Crimes
Patrick McBride, Joday Patilla,
Albert J. Marcella and Robert S. Greenfield,
Craig Robinson, Peter Thermos,
Editors
and Edward P. Moser
ISBN: 0-8493-0955-7
ISBN: 0-8493-1239-6
Information Security Architecture
Securing and Controlling Cisco Routers
Jan Killmeyer Tudor
Peter T. Davis
ISBN: 0-8493-9988-2
ISBN: 0-8493-1290-6
Information Security Management
Securing E-Business Applications and
Handbook, 4th Edition, Volume 1
Communications
Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, Editors
Jonathan S. Held and John R. Bowers
ISBN: 0-8493-9829-0
ISBN: 0-8493-0963-8
Information Security Management
Securing Windows NT/2000:
Handbook, 4th Edition, Volume 2
From Policies to Firewalls
Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, Editors
Michael A. Simonyi
ISBN: 0-8493-0800-3
ISBN: 0-8493-1261-2
Information Security Management
TCP/IP Professional Reference Guide
Handbook, 4th Edition, Volume 3
Gilbert Held
Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, Editors
ISBN: 0-8493-0824-0
ISBN: 0-8493-1127-6
The Complete Book of Middleware
Information Security Policies,
Judith Myerson
Procedures, and Standards:
ISBN: 0-8493-1272-8
Guidelines for Effective Information
Security Management
Thomas R. Peltier
ISBN: 0-8493-1137-3
AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS
www.auerbach-publications.com
To Order Call: 1-800-272-7737 • Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
GLOBAL
INFORMATION
WARFARE
How Businesses, Governments,
and Others Achieve Objectives and
Attain Competitive Advantages
ANDY JONES
GERALD L. KOVACICH
PERRY G. LUZWICK
AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS
A CRC Press Company
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
AU1114 FMFrame Page iv Monday, May 13, 2002 3:34 PM
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jones, Andy, 1952-
Global information warfare : how businesses, governments, and others achieve
objectives and attain competitive advantages / Andy Jones, Gerald
L. Kovacich, Perry G. Luzwick.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1114-4 (alk. paper)
1. Information warfare. 2. Business--Data processing. I. Kovacich,
Gerald L. II. Luzwick, Perry G. III. Title.
U163 .J66 2002
303.48'33--dc21
2002018570
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted
with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been
made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the
validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system,
without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new
works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying.
Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
Visit the Auerbach Web site at www.auerbach-publications.com
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
Auerbach is an imprint of CRC Press LLC
No claim to original U.S. Government works
International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1114-4
Library of Congress Card Number 2002018570
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
AU1114 FMFrame Page v Monday, May 13, 2002 3:34 PM
Dedication
Dedicated to all the brave soldiers of all the wars
In wars between nations, the brave soldiers on both sides of the conflict march
off to war. They do so because they are patriotic and believe in their nation’s
cause; they do so to avoid being jailed; they do so to protect their family; and
they do so because when all is said and done, they have very little choice.
When the war is over, the winners decide who was right and who was
wrong for that is the way of victors. The vanquished were no less brave and
no less human.
The politicians vote to send their youth into battle but would be less eager
if they had to lead the charge. Yet, when it is over, they speak the loudest
of “their” great victory and such a wonderful time for their nation to be proud.
Proud of killing, maiming fellow human beings, destroying families; bringing
death and destruction to all — victors and vanquished alike.
The victorious generals get promoted, collect more unearned medals, and
tell their tall tales of wars that they never fought in. They also brag loudly of
the great victories and eye more power in the battlefield of politics. After all,
are they not heroes, worshipped and adored by the nation?
And through it all — through the death, destruction, misery, and
pestilence — the brave soldiers on both sides lie in the ground. Yes, a few
kind words and prayers will be said over their graves and they will be
remembered by their nation — once a year, maybe — while their families
will grieve a lifetime for them and what could have been.
Those brave soldiers who survived will never be the same. They go home,
quietly, wanting to return to a “normal” life. A life as it was before — before
the call. They will always remember, although not all will remember them.
This book is dedicated to those brave soldiers who fought the wars. As
we enter the information warfare era of the Twenty-first Century, maybe we
can fight computer wars where innocence is not lost, only data. Maybe.
Andy Jones
Gerald L. Kovacich
Perry G. Luzwick
v
AU1114 FMFrame Page vi Monday, May 13, 2002 3:34 PM
vi Global Information Warfare
Strategy and Force: According to the laws of warfare, a thousand men
can succeed by strategy, ten thousand men can succeed by force. When
you apply strategy to others first, enemies will not confront you. There-
fore, in warfare, it is important to be first: if you win at this, you will
win over others; if you do not win at this, you will not win over others.
The Art of Attack: When you attack a country, you must take advan-
tage of its changes. Observe the economy to see its deficits; observe its
corruption to see its problems. When those above are perverse and those
below are alienated, this is a basis for attacking it.
Morality of Warfare: Weapons are instruments of ill omen; contention
is a vice. Things must have a basis, so kings strike the violent and unruly,
based on humanness and justice. Warring states try to establish prestige,
resist adversaries, and plot against each other, so they cannot do without
armaments.
—Master Wei Liao
Excerpts from Ways of Warriors Codes of Kings:
Lessons in Leadership from the Chinese Classics
Translated by Thomas Cleary
Published by Shambala Publications, Boston, 1999
AU1114 FMFrame Page vii Monday, May 13, 2002 3:34 PM
Contents
Foreword ix
by Kent Kresa, Chairman and CEO, Northrop Grumman Corporation
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
SECTION I: HOW WE CAME TO WHERE WE ARE —
AND BY THE WAY, WHERE ARE WE?
1 Everything You Wanted to Know about
Information Warfare but Were Afraid to Ask...........................3
2 Fuel for the InfoWar Fire:
The High-Technology Revolution..............................................31
3 The Global and Nation-State Information
Infrastructures: Backbone or Achilles’ Heel?..........................53
4 Our Changing World, or Is It Really?.......................................85
5 Business, Government, and Activist Warfare:
The More Things Change, The More They Don’t................119
SECTION II: THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE USE
OF INFORMATION WARFARE TACTICS BY BUSINESSES,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND ASSORTED MISCREANTS
6 Information Warfare Tactics: How Can They Do That?
It’s the COTS, Stupid!..................................................................131
7 It’s All about Influence: Information Warfare
Tactics by Nation-States.............................................................157
8 Information Warfare: Asian Nation-States.............................197
vii
AU1114 FMFrame Page viii Monday, May 13, 2002 3:34 PM
viii Global Information Warfare
9 Information Warfare: Middle East Nation-States..................239
10 Information Warfare: European Nation-States.....................257
11 Information Warfare: Nation-States of the Americas..........295
12 Information Warfare: African and Other Nation-States.....353
13 It’s All about Profits: Information Warfare Tactics
in Business....................................................................................363
14 It’s All about Power: Information Warfare Tactics
by Terrorists, Activists, and Miscreants.................................385
SECTION III: INFORMATION WARFARE DEFENSES:
COUNTERMEASURES, COUNTERATTACK, OR BOTH
15 Surviving the Onslaughts:
Defenses and Countermeasures...............................................419
16 Defending against Information Warfare Attacks
Begins with Knowledge Management....................................457
17 What’s a CEO to Do? Ya Gotta Have a Plan...........................479
18 Those Who Do Not Accept Change and Adapt Will
Be Consumed By It; The Enlightened Will Survive.............505
19 The Twenty-First Century Challenge: Surviving
in the New Century....................................................................529
APPENDICES
A Recommended Reading and References................................565
B Glossary of Terms.......................................................................569
C A Short History of Technology and Its Relationship
to Warfare.....................................................................................573
D Revolution in Information Affairs: Tactical and
Strategic Implications of Information Warfare
and Information Operations....................................................579
Afterword...............................................................................................629
About the Authors.................................................................................633
Index.......................................................................................................637
AU1114 FMFrame Page ix Monday, May 13, 2002 3:34 PM
Foreword
As we transition from the information age to the knowledge age, successful
organizations are the ones that actively manage their information environments.
Because knowledge and the data and information upon which it is built are so
important, having the capabilities to conduct offensive and defensive information
warfare (IW) is absolutely essential. Many countries, cartels, and terrorist orga-
nizations possess sophisticated information warfare know-how and will do what
they can — at times and places of their choosing — to disrupt a nation’s freedom,
safety, economy, and social fabric. The information environment is a battleground
of the future, affecting not just the military, but governments, businesses, and
citizens as well. The cascading effects of IW attacks could prevent a country
from effectively projecting political, economic, military, and social power.
The concepts behind coherent knowledge-based operations detailed in this
book operate at the corporate level as well. Blending control of the information
environment and knowledge management with an organization’s network-
centric business processes is absolutely essential in order for organizations to
be competitive. The increasing reliance on the Internet indicates that not only
will countermeasures and security measures become increasingly necessary
and valuable, but so will concepts such as coherent knowledge-based oper-
ations that embrace extended enterprises and infrastructure interdependencies.
At Northrop Grumman Corporation, we envision a future in which IW
powered by knowledge-based systems will be prevalent on the battlefield.
One of our primary organizing strategies has been to create systems central
to business and military transformation. We are developing technologies that
help protect critical infrastructures by detecting, deflecting, and diverting cyber
attacks. We are also working on the new concept of “information resiliency.”
We want to recover critical data — automatically and in real-time. Extensive
cooperation is needed between businesses and governments to make the best
use of ideas and resources to solve information warfare issues.
To operate effectively in this new era, governments must be as adaptive
and agile as their private-sector counterparts. It is vitally important that the
ix