Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms

460 Pages·2018·11.22 MB·English

by  Patricia M. Glibert

Ecological Studies 232
Patricia M. Glibert
Elisa Berdalet
Michele A. Burford
Grant C. Pitcher
Mingjiang Zhou E ditors
Global Ecology
and Oceanography
of Harmful Algal
Blooms
Ecological Studies
Analysis and Synthesis
Volume 232
Serieseditors
MartynM.Caldwell
Logan,Utah,USA
SandraD´ıaz
Cordoba,Argentina
GerhardHeldmaier
Marburg,Germany
RobertB.Jackson
Stanford,California,USA
OttoL.Lange
Wu¨rzburg,Germany
DelphisF.Levia
Newark,Delaware,USA
HaroldA.Mooney
Stanford,California,USA
Ernst-DetlefSchulze
Jena,Germany
UlrichSommer
Kiel,Germany
EcologicalStudiesisSpringer’spremierbookseriestreatingallaspectsofecology.
These volumes, either authored or edited collections, appear several times each
year.Theyareintendedtoanalyseandsynthesizeourunderstandingofnaturaland
managed ecosystems and their constituent organisms and resources at different
scales from the biosphere to communities, populations, individual organisms and
molecularinteractions.Manyvolumesconstitutecasestudiesillustratingandsyn-
thesizing ecological principles for an intended audience of scientists, students,
environmentalmanagersandpolicyexperts.Recentvolumesaddressbiodiversity,
global change, landscape ecology, air pollution, ecosystem analysis, microbial
ecology,ecophysiologyandmolecularecology.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/86
Patricia M. Glibert • Elisa Berdalet •
Michele A. Burford • Grant C. Pitcher •
Mingjiang Zhou
Editors
Global Ecology and
Oceanography of Harmful
Algal Blooms
Editors
PatriciaM.Glibert ElisaBerdalet
HornPointLaboratory InstituteofMarineSciences(CSIC)
UniversityofMarylandCenterfor Barcelona,Catalonia,Spain
EnvironmentalScience
Cambridge,Maryland,USA
MicheleA.Burford GrantC.Pitcher
AustralianRiversInstitute FisheriesResearchandDevelopment
GriffithUniversity CapeTown,SouthAfrica
Nathan,Queensland,Australia
MingjiangZhou
InstituteofOceanology
ChineseAcademyofSciences
Qingdao,China
ISSN0070-8356 ISSN2196-971X (electronic)
EcologicalStudies
ISBN978-3-319-70068-7 ISBN978-3-319-70069-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70069-4
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In Memoriam: Otto Ludwig Lange (1927–2017)
Otto Ludwig Lange, emeritus Professor at the University of Würzburg, Germany,
diedonAugust14,2017,attheageof89years.Thedeathwasunexpected;indeed,
he was actively planning the celebration of his 90th birthday. With his death the
ecological community has lost a prominent and valued member, and Ecological
Studiesnolongerhasitsfounderandpromotor,towhomweowethisthrivingbook
series.
OttoLudwigLangewasborneinDortmundandstudiedbiologyattheUniver-
sityofG€ottingen,afterhereturnedfromservinginWorldWarIIandimprisonment
inFrance.HeobtainedhisdoctoratedegreeattheUniversityofG€ottingenin1952
under Prof F. Firbas on“Heat and droughttolerance of lichens inrelation totheir
geographic distribution”. Following habilitation as part of the German tenure
procedure at the University of G€ottingen in 1959, he moved to Darmstadt to join
v
vi InMemoriam:OttoLudwigLange(1927–2017)
the group ofProf. O. Stocker as Associate Professor. He had already attained full
professorship in Forest Botany and Technical Mycology in 1963, as well as
becoming the Director of the Arboretum of the University of G€ottingen. Four
yearslater,in1967,OttoLangeacceptedanofferfromtheUniversityofWürzburg
toestablishanewChairofPlantEcology,whichincorporatedmanagementofthe
BotanicGardens.Despitemanyattractiveoffersfromaroundtheworld,OttoLange
decidedtostayatWürzburguntilhisretirement.
OttoLangewasanenthusiasticandinspiringecologistwitharemarkablybroad
rangeofinterests,andamainfocusonthephysiologyofvascularandnon-vascular
plants under natural field conditions. He taught a very broad range of subjects,
includingplanttaxonomy,vegetationscience,andeco-physiology,andguidedfield
courses and associated excursions on plant identification within Germany and
across Europe. He put a lot of effort into teaching, raising the interest of students
fromtheir1stSemester.Hewasfullofideas,andalwayseagertofullyunderstand
anatomy,morphologyandexistenceofspeciesincertainenvironmentsonasound
physiological basis. He travelled around the globe to better understand the distri-
bution and existence of lichens and also fueling an interest in salt and drought
tolerance.Hewasfascinatedbydewfallandwateruptakefromhumidair,aswell
as being the first person to demonstrate the response of vascular plants to air
humidity, His experiments with Citrullus colocynthis became the classic demon-
strationoftheregulationofleaftemperatureviaadjustmentsoftheenergybalance
toavoidheatdamage.
OttoLangebecameoneofthemosthighlyrecognizedGermanecologists,with
hisfocusontheeco-physiologyofplantsunderaridandcoldconditions.Fromthis
longlistofhonours,themostremarkablerecognitionofhisresearchwasprobably
thenamingof“LangePeak”intheLytteltonRangeintheAdmiraltyMountainsof
Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Three lichen species are named after Otto
Lange (Peltua langei, Hubbsia langei and Jeckelixia ottolangei). These enduring
milestonesofOttoLange’sworkremainamongsthischieflegaciesbuthewasalso
recognizedinmanyotherways;hereceivedtheBalzan-PriceofItaly,theGottfried
WilhelmLeibnitzPriceoftheGermanScienceFoundation,the“BayerischeMax-
imilianOrden”oftheBavarianGovermentandtheCotheniusmedaloftheGerman
Academy of Sciences, and the Ecological Society of America Award. Ecological
Studies Volume 100 was rightly dedicated to Otto Lange’s retirement, while
special volumes in lichenological journals also celebrated his 70th and 80th
birthday.
Besideshisachievementsinscience,OttoLangewaswidelyrecognizedasafair
and supportive research organizer. He was Editor in Chief of the oldest German
botanical journal Flora, and co-editor of many journals, including Oecologia, He
wasmemberoftherefereeboardoftheGermanScience Foundation,acted asthe
Dean of the Faculty in Würzburg, and a member of the academic Senate and the
board of financial affairs of his university. In recognition of these administrative
engagementstheUniversityhonouredOttoLangewiththeBeneMerentiMedalof
theUniversityofWürzburg.
InMemoriam:OttoLudwigLange(1927–2017) vii
The foundation of the book series Ecological Studies remains a major science
achievement. Since the very first volume, published in 1970, this book series
became the main international platform for publications of multidisciplinary pro-
jects, encompassing all vegetation zones and land uses on this globe, including
aquaticsystems.
Very sadly, we have lost an ingenious and original advisor. We will miss the
stimulating discussions that lead to so many new insights in science and which
helpedmanyscholarscopewithlifeduringtheupsanddownsoftheircareers.He
was also a personal friend, who cared passionately about the life of people in his
instituteandinhisfieldofscience.Hewillbesorelymissed.
Ernst-DetlefSchulze,EditorofEcologicalStudies
Contents
PartI IntroductiontoHarmfulAlgalBloomsandtheGEOHAB
Programme
1 IntroductiontotheGlobalEcologyandOceanographyofHarmful
AlgalBlooms(GEOHAB)Synthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PatriciaM.Glibert,ElisaBerdalet,MicheleA.Burford,
GrantC.Pitcher,andMingjiangZhou
2 HarmfulAlgalBloomsandtheImportanceofUnderstanding
TheirEcologyandOceanography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PatriciaM.Glibert,ElisaBerdalet,MicheleA.Burford,
GrantC.Pitcher,andMingjiangZhou
3 Establishment,Goals,andLegacyoftheGlobalEcologyand
OceanographyofHarmfulAlgalBlooms(GEOHAB)
Programme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
RaphaelM.Kudela,RobinRaine,GrantC.Pitcher,PatrickGentien,
ElisaBerdalet,HenrikEnevoldsen,andEdUrban
PartII GlobalChangesandHarmfulAlgalBlooms
4 ChangingLand-,Sea-,andAirscapes:SourcesofNutrient
PollutionAffectingHabitatSuitabilityforHarmfulAlgae. . . . . . . 53
PatriciaM.Glibert,ArthurH.W.Beusen,JohnA.Harrison,
HansH.Dürr,AlexanderF.Bouwman,andGoulvenG.Laruelle
5 HarmfulAlgalBloomsinaChangingOcean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
MarkL.WellsandBengtKarlson
ix
x Contents
PartIII AdaptiveStrategiesandHarmfulAlgalBlooms
6 NutrientsandHarmfulAlgalBlooms:DynamicKinetics
andFlexibleNutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
PatriciaM.Glibert,CynthiaA.Heil,FrancesP.Wilkerson,
andRichardC.Dugdale
7 MixotrophyinHarmfulAlgalBlooms:ByWhom,onWhom,
When,Why,andWhatNext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
KevinJ.Flynn,AditeeMitra,PatriciaM.Glibert,
andJoAnnM.Burkholder
8 TheRoleofLifeCycleCharacteristicsinHarmfulAlgalBloom
Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
RhodoraV.Azanza,MichaelL.Brosnahan,DonaldM.Anderson,
IngaHense,andMarinaMontresor
PartIV HarmfulAlgalBloomsinSpecificHabitatsandBiomes
9 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal
BloomsinStratifiedSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
RobinRaine,ElisaBerdalet,HidekatsuYamazaki,IanJenkinson,
andBeatrizReguera
10 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal
BloomsinFjordsandCoastalEmbayments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
SuzanneRoy,MarinaMontresor,andAllanCembella
11 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal
BloomsinEasternBoundaryUpwellingSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
GrantC.Pitcher,FranciscoG.Figueiras,RaphaelM.Kudela,
TeresaMoita,BeatrizReguera,andManuelRuiz-Villareal
12 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal
BloomsinRelationtoNutrientsandEutrophication. . . . .. . . . . .. 229
PatriciaM.Glibert,AdnanAl-Azri,J.IcarusAllen,
AlexanderF.Bouwman,ArthurH.W.Beusen,MicheleA.Burford,
PaulJ.Harrison,andMingjiangZhou
13 KeyQuestionsandRecentResearchAdvancesonHarmfulAlgal
BloomsinBenthicSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
ElisaBerdaletandPatriciaA.Tester
PartV SpotlightonHarmfulAlgalBloomsinAsia
14 OverviewofHarmfulAlgalBloomsinAsia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
KenFuruya,MitsunoriIwataki,PoTeenLim,SonghuiLu,
Chui-PinLeaw,RhodoraV.Azanza,Hak-GyoonKim,
andYasuwoFukuyo