Global child health advocacy : on the front lines

330 Pages·2014·3.9 MB·English

by  Berman

Global Child Health Advocacy
On the Front Lines
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Stephen Berman, MD, FAAP e Advocacy
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Judith S. Palfrey, MD, FAAP F
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Zulfiqar Bhutta, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPCH, FAAP(Hon), PhD r
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Adenike O. Grange, MBChB, DCH, FMCPAED, FWACP, FAAP(Hon) n
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Here’s how advocates worldwide make a difference—and how you can too. l
ind On the Front Lines
The new Global Child Health Advocacy inspires and equips care providers to join together
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and work for positive change. sH
This first-in-its-field resource brings you up-close accounts of successful initiatives straight e
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from the front lines. It offers an inside look at the innovative strategies, tools, and techniques
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today’s advocates use to promote health, deliver targeted care, and implement policies to t
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improve children’s lives. And it gives you field-tested guidance for your own advocacy efforts.

Child care leaders share their learning with you. A
A multinational editorial team assembles • Community partnerships for polio d
engaging stories chronicling the experiences eradication in India v
of top-tier advocates in every corner of the • Malnutrition crisis intervention in Niger o
globe. • HIV advocacy in South Africa c
a
• Reducing neonatal mortality in Chile
• Improving access to care in Nigeria c
• Campaigning against tobacco in the
• Creating a public child medical insurance y
Western Pacific
system in China
• Preventing diarrheal diseases in Peru
• Haemophilus influenzae vaccine advocacy
in Guatemala
…plus much more!
• Implementing a national immunization
program in the United States
Firsthand success stories from diverse advocacy arenas
B B Editors
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n Immunizations n Maternal health n Chronic care utt rm Stephen Berman, MD, FAAP
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n lf Adenike O. Grange, MBChB, DCH, FMCPAED, FWACP, FAAP(Hon)
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ISBN 978-1-58110-780-7 e e
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For other pediatric resources,
visit the AAP Bookstore at
www.aap.org/bookstore.
9 781581 107807
AAP
GCHA COVER SPREAD.indd 1 7/17/13 2:40 PM
Global Child Health
Advocacy
On the Front Lines
Editors
Stephen Berman, MD, FAAP
Professor of Pediatrics and Public Health
Director, Colorado Center for Global Health
Children’s Hospital Colorado Endowed Chair of General Pediatrics
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Colorado School of Public Health
Children’s Hospital Colorado
Aurora, CO
Judith S. Palfrey, MD, FAAP
T. Berry Brazelton Professor of Pediatrics
Harvard Medical School
Senior Associate in Medicine
Boston Children’s Hospital
Boston, MA
Zulfiqar Bhutta, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPCH, FAAP(Hon), PhD
Division of Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University
Karachi, Pakistan
Programme for Global Paediatric Research at the Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Canada
Adenike O. Grange, MBChB, DCH, FMCPAED, FWACP, FAAP(Hon)
Former Minister of Health
Federal Republic of Nigeria
American Academy of Pediatrics Department of Marketing and Publications
Maureen DeRosa, MPA, Director, Department of Marketing and Publications
Mark Grimes, Director, Division of Product Development
Martha Cook, MS, Senior Product Development Editor
Eileen Glasstetter, MS, Manager, Product Development
Carrie Peters, Editorial Assistant
Sandi King, MS, Director, Division of Publishing and Production Services
Theresa Wiener, Manager, Publications Production and Manufacturing
Jason Crase, Manager, Editorial Services
Linda Diamond, Manager, Art Direction and Production
Julia Lee, Director, Division of Marketing and Sales
Linda Smessaert, MSIMC, Manager, Clinical and Professional Publications Marketing
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013932240
ISBN: 978-58110-780-7
eISBN: 978-1-58110-829-3
MA0664
Cover photo © 2008 Arturo Sanabria, courtesy of Photoshare
The recommendations in this publication do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or
serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances,
may be appropriate.
This book has been developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The authors, editors, and
contributors are expert authorities in the field of pediatrics. No commercial involvement of any
kind has been solicited or accepted in the development of the content of this publication.
Statements and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the
American Academy of Pediatrics.
Products are mentioned for informational purposes only. Inclusion in this publication does not
imply endorsement by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
The publishers have made every effort to trace the copyright holders for borrowed material.
If they have inadvertently overlooked any, they will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements
at first opportunity.
Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission from
the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
9-338/0713
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
iii
Contributors
Bronwen Anders, MD, FAAP Louise A. Baur, AM, MBBS(Hons),
Professor, Department of Pediatrics BSc(Med), PhD, FRACP
University of California, San Diego Professor, Discipline of Paediatrics
San Diego, CA and Child, University of Sydney
Professor, Sydney School of Public
Jon Kim Andrus, MD
Health, University of Sydney
Deputy Director
Head, Weight Management Services,
Pan American Health Organization/
The Children’s Hospital at
World Health Organization
Westmead
Professor of Global Health
Westmead, New South Wales,
The George Washington University
Australia
School of Public Health and
Health Sciences Juan Pablo Beca, MD
Washington, DC Professor, Facultad de Medicina
Associate Adjunct Professor Director, Centro de Bioetica
University of California San Clinica Alemana-Universidad
Francisco School of Medicine del Desarrollo
San Francisco, CA Santiago, Chile
Associate Adjunct Professor
Paula Bedregal, MD, MPH, PhD
Johns Hopkins University
Associate Professor, School of
Bloomberg School of
Medicine
Public Health
P. Catholic University of Chile
Baltimore, MD
Santiago, Chile
MaryCatherine Arbour, MD, MPH
Ann Behrmann, MD, FAAP
Associate Physician for Research
Assistant Clinical Professor of
Division of Global Health Equity
Pediatrics
Department of Medicine, Brigham
University of Wisconsin School of
and Women’s Hospital
Medicine and Public Health
Boston, MA
Pediatrician, Group Health
Edwin J. Asturias, MD Cooperative of South Central
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Wisconsin
and Public Health Madison, WI
Director for Latin America
Center for Global Health
University of Colorado School of
Medicine and Colorado School
of Public Health
Aurora, CO
iv
Contributors
Warren L. Berggren, MD, MPH, Louis Z. Cooper, MD, FAAP
DrPH Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics
Board Member Columbia University
Colorado Haiti Project New York, NY
Louisville, CO
Hoosen Coovida, MBBS, FCP,
Elizabeth Bocaletti, MD, MPH MSc, PhD
Regional Health Advisor Director, Maternal Adolescent
Save the Children and Child Health
Antigua, Guatemala University of the Witwatersrand
Johannesburg, South Africa
Jaime Burrows, MD, PhD
Commissioner, National Planning
Facultad de Medicina
Commission
Centro de Bioetica
The Presidency, Republic of
Clinica Alemana-Universidad
South Africa
del Desarrollo
Santiago, Chile Miguel Cordero Vega, MS
Research Fellow
Harry Campbell, MD
School of Social and Community
Professor of Genetic Epidemiology
Medicine
and Public Health
University of Bristol
Director, Centre for Population
Bristol, UK
Health Sciences
University of Edinburgh Jai K. Das, MBBS, MD, MBA
Edinburgh, Scotland Division of Women & Child Health
Formerly Medical Officer The Aga Khan University
Programme for Control of Acute Karachi, Pakistan
Respiratory Infections
Stéphane Doyon, BA
World Health Organization
Nutrition Advocacy Advisor
Geneva, Switzerland
Médecins Sans Frontières
Chok Wan Chan, MBBS(HK), Paris, France
MMed(PAED)(SINGAPORE),
Burris Duncan, MD, FAAP
DCH(LOND), FRCP(EDIN),
Professor Emeritus, Pediatrics
FRCP(IREL)
University of Arizona College
Past President, International
of Medicine
Pediatric Association
Tucson, AZ
Professor, Chinese University of
T. Jacob John, MD
Hong Kong
Formerly Professor and Head of
President, Hong Kong Society
the Department of Clinical
of Child Neurology and
Virology
Developmental Paediatrics
Hong Kong
v
Contributors
Past President of the Indian Mark W. Kline, MD, FAAP
Academy of Pediatrics J.S. Abercrombie Professor and
Founder Member, Rotary Chairman
International PolioPlus Ralph D. Feigin Chair
Committee Department of Pediatrics
Past President of the Rotary Club Baylor College of Medicine
of Vellore Physician-in-Chief
Christian Medical College, Vellore Texas Children’s Hospital
Tamil Nadu, India Houston, TX
Juliana Kain, MPH Mirzada Kurbasic, MD, MSCR,
Biochemist FAAP
Associate Professor Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Institute of Nutrition and Food University of Louisville
Technology (INTA) Louisville, KY
University of Chile
Claudio F. Lanata, MD, MPH
Santiago, Chile
Senior Researcher
William J. Keenan, MD, FAAP Instituto de Investigacion
Professor of Pediatrics Nutricional
Saint Louis University Science Director
Executive Director US Naval Medical Research
International Pediatric Association Unit No. 6
St. Louis, MO Professor, School of Medicine
Universidad Peruana de Ciencias
Kate J. Kerber, MPH
Aplicadas
Senior Specialist Implementation
Lima, Peru
Saving Newborn Lives, Save the
Associate, Department of
Children
International Health
Cape Town, South Africa
Johns Hopkins University
Mary Kinney, MSc
Bloomberg School of
Specialist Data & Communications
Public Health
Saving Newborn Lives, Save the
Baltimore, MD
Children
Honorary Professor
Cape Town, South Africa
London School of Hygiene and
Jonathan Klein, MD, MPH, FAAP Tropical Medicine
Director, Julius B. Richmond University of London
Center of Excellence London, UK
Associate Executive Director
American Academy of Pediatrics
Elk Grove Village, IL
vi
Contributors
Joy Lawn, MBBS, Charles Mwansambo, MBChB,
MRCP(Paeds), MPH, PhD BSc, DCH, MRCP, FRCPCH(UK)
Professor Secretary for Health
Director of MARCH Center,  Malawi Ministry of Health
London School of Hygiene Lilongwe, Malawi
and Tropical Medicine
Susan Niermeyer, MD, MPH, FAAP
Director of Global Evidence
Professor of Pediatrics and Public
and Policy
Health
Saving Newborn Lives, Save the
Codirector, Division of Maternal
Children
and Child Health
Cape Town, South Africa
Center for Global Health
Cherry Chun-Yiu Li, MSc University of Colorado School of
Project Assistant Medicine
Ipsos Health Care Colorado School of Public Health
Hong Kong Children’s Hospital Colorado
Aurora, CO
Emmalita M. Manalac, MD,
MPH, FPPS Isaac Odame, MD
Independent Consultant for Global Sickle Cell Disease Network
Child Health The Hospital for Sick Children
Philippines Department of Pediatrics
Faculty of Medicine
Anna Maria Mandalakas, MD,
University of Toronto
FAAP
Toronto, Canada
Associate Professor, Department
of Pediatrics Walter Orenstein, MD, FAAP
Baylor College of Medicine Associate Director, Emory Vaccine
Director, Global Tuberculosis and Center
Mycobacteriology Program Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics,
Texas Children’s Hospital and Global Health
Houston, TX Emory University
Atlanta, GA
Susan Mercado, MD, MPH
World Health Organization Antonio Pio, MD
Western Pacific Regional Office Former Manager of the Acute
Tobacco Free Initiative Respiratory Infections Program
Manila, Philippines World Health Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
Helia Molina, MD, MPH
Senior Consultant in Public Health
Assistant Professor of Public
and Respiratory Diseases
Health, School of Medicine
Mar del Plata, Argentina
P. Catholic University of Chile
Santiago, Chile
vii
Contributors
James Rarick, MPH Boyd Swinburn, MBChB,
World Health Organization MD(Otago), FRACP
Western Pacific Regional Office Professor of Population Nutrition
Tobacco Free Initiative and Global Health
Manila, Philippines School of Population Health
University of Aukland
Julio Cesar Reina, MD
Aukland, New Zealand
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Escuela de Medicina Ricardo Uauy, MD, PhD
Universidad del Valle Professor Nutrition INTA
Cali, Colombia (University of Chile)
Pediatrics (Catholic University
Desmond K. Runyan, MD, DrPH,
of Chile)
FAAP
Chile, South America
Jack and Viki Thompson Professor
of Pediatrics Peter Waiswa, MBChB, MPH, PhD
Executive Director, Kempe Center Lecturer, Department of Health
The University of Colorado School Policy, Planning and Management
of Medicine Makerere University School of
Aurora, CO Public Health
Kampala, Uganda
Katherine Seib, MSPH
Postdoctoral Fellow, Division of
Epidemiologist
Global Health, Karolinska
Rollins School of Public Health
Institutet
Emory University
Solna, Sweden
Atlanta, GA
Kerri Wazny, MA
Susan Shepherd, MD, FAAP
Research Project Coordinator
Médecins Sans Frontières
Programme for Global Paediatric
Paris, France
Research at the Hospital for
Jonathan M. Spector, MD, FAAP
Sick Children
Returned Volunteer, Médecins
Toronto, Canada
Sans Frontières
Zonghan Zhu, MD
Research Scientist
Professor
Harvard School of Public Health
Capital Institute of Pediatrics
Cambridge, MA
Chairman
Donna M. Staton, MD, MPH,
Pediatrician Society of Chinese
FAAP
Medical Doctors Association
Affiliate to Department of Pediatrics
Beijing, China
University of Massachusetts School
of Medicine
Worcester, MA
Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Sergio Augusto Cabral
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
Joia S. Mukherjee, Paul E. Farmer
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Section 1: Overview of Global Child Health Advocacy
Chapter 1 Advocacy on the Front Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Judith S. Palfrey, Stephen Berman
Chapter 2 Caring for Our Children as One World Community . . . . .9
Chok Wan Chan
Chapter 3 Improving Access to Care in Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Adenike O. Grange
Chapter 4 Creating a Public Child Medical Insurance System
in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Zonghan Zhu
Section 2: Immunizations
Chapter 5 Nurturing Partnerships: Implementing a National
Immunization Program in the United States . . . . . . . . . . .41
Walter Orenstein, Louis Z. Cooper, Katherine Seib
Chapter 6 Preventing Neonatal Tetanus in Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Warren L. Berggren
Chapter 7 Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Advocacy in
Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Edwin J. Asturias
Chapter 8 Advocating for Equity Through Immunization . . . . . . . . .73
Jon Kim Andrus
Chapter 9 Community Partnerships for Polio Eradication
in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
T. Jacob John
x
Table of Contents
Section 3: Undernutrition
Chapter 10 Malnutrition Crisis Intervention in Niger. . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Susan Shepherd, Stéphane Doyon, Jonathan M. Spector
Chapter 11 Improving Nutrition and Health in Adolescent
Mothers and Children in Colombia ..................105
Julio Cesar Reina
Chapter 12 Improving Nutrition in Rural China .................113
Zonghan Zhu
Section 4: Acute and Chronic Health Care
Chapter 13 Diarrhea and Pneumonia: Genesis of a
Global Action Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Zulfiqar Bhutta, Jai K. Das, Kerri Wazny
Chapter 14 Pneumonia Management: The World Health
Organization Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Antonio Pio, Harry Campbell
Chapter 15 Preventing Diarrheal Diseases Through Sanitation
in Peru ...........................................149
Claudio F. Lanata
Chapter 16 Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative .........163
Mark W. Kline
Chapter 17 HIV Advocacy in South Africa ......................171
Hoosen Coovida
Chapter 18 Sickle Cell Disease: Creating a Global Network ........183
Isaac Odame
Section 5: Maternal and Newborn Health
Chapter 19 Newborn Survival .................................195
Joy Lawn, Mary Kinney, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Peter Waiswa,
Elizabeth Bocaletti, Charles Mwansambo, Kate J. Kerber
Chapter 20 Helping Babies Breathe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Susan Niermeyer, William J. Keenan