Global Arctic: An Introduction to the Multifaceted Dynamics of the Arctic

485 Pages·2022·6.915 MB·English

by  Matthias Finger, Gunnar Rekvig

Matthias Finger
Gunnar Rekvig   Editors
Global
Arctic
An Introduction to the Multifaceted
Dynamics of the Arctic
Global Arctic
Matthias Finger • Gunnar Rekvig
Editors
Global Arctic
An Introduction to the Multifaceted
Dynamics of the Arctic
Editors
Matthias Finger Gunnar Rekvig
Northern Arctic Federal UiT The Arctic University of Norway
University (NArFU) Tromsø, Norway
Arkhangelsk, Russia
ISBN 978-3-030-81252-2 ISBN 978-3-030-81253-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81253-9
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland
AG 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
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The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
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claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Gunnar Rekvig dedicates this book to his
wife, Minako Kikkawa, and son, Arn
Kikkawa Rekvig. Their patience, love, and
support were invaluable.
Acknowledgment
Gunnar Rekvig would like to acknowledge the Nansen Professorship at the
University of Akureyri for having supported the production of this book.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Matthias Finger and Gunnar Rekvig
Part I Evolving Images and Perceptions
2 Indigenous Peoples of the Circumpolar North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Yvon Csonka
3 Arctic Cities-Pioneers of Industrialization:
More than “Mining Towns” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Nadezhda Zamyatina
4 Arctic as a New Strategic Region in the Soviet Union
in the 1920s–1930s and Transformation of the Arctic Science . . . . . . 63
Alexander Saburov
5 Norway in the Cold War – A Contemporary Case for Today . . . . . . . 91
Lars Saunes
6 The Post-Cold War Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Lassi Heininen
7 The Arctic as the Last Frontier: Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Edward H. Huijbens
8 A Primary Node of the Global Economy: China and the Arctic . . . . 147
Liisa Kauppila
Part II G eography, Environment, and Climate
9 Climate Effects of Other Pollutants – Short-Lived
Climate Forcers and the Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Kaarle Kupiainen, Mark Flanner, and Sabine Eckhardt
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x Contents
10 Permafrost Climate Feedbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Benjamin W. Abbott
11 Impacts of Global Warming on Arctic Biota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Mathilde Le Moullec and Morgan Lizabeth Bender
12 Pollution and Monitoring in the Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Tatiana Yu. Sorokina
Part III E conomics and Geopolitics
13 The Quest for the Ultimate Resources: Oil, Gas, and Coal . . . . . . . . . 257
Andrey Krivorotov
14 Arctic Fisheries in a Changing Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Franz J. Mueter
15 Infrastructure Projects in the Global Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Alexander Pilyasov
16 New Arctic Seaways and the Role of China
in Regime Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Mariia Kobzeva
17 Sustainable Development of the Arctic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Matthias Finger
Part IV Governance
18 Between Resource Frontier and Self- Determination:
Colonial and Postcolonial Developments in the Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Peter Schweitzer
19 Understanding Cold War Trust-Building Between Norway
and the Soviet Union. Norwegian-Russian
Relations – A History of Peaceful Coexistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Gunnar Rekvig
20 Regional Governance: The Case of the Barents Region . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Florian Vidal
21 The Arctic Council at 25: Incremental Building
of a More Ambitious Inter- governmental Forum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Timo Koivurova and Malgorzata Smieszek
22 The European Union and Arctic Security Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Andreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen
Contents xi
23 Global Conventions and Regional Cooperation:
The Multifaceted Dynamics of Arctic Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Cécile Pelaudeix and Christoph Humrich
24 Arctic Order(s) Under Sino-American Bipolarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Rasmus Gjedssø Bertelsen
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Abbreviations
2D Two-Dimensional
3D Three-Dimensional
A5 Five Arctic Ocean Rim States
AC Arctic Council
ACAP Arctic Contaminants Action Program
ACIA Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Report
AD Anno Domini
AEPS Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy
AFN Alaska Federation of Natives
AFNORTH Allied Forces Northern Europe
AHDR Arctic Human Development Report
AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program
AMSA Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment
ANCSA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
ANWR Alaska National Wildlife Refuge
ANWR Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
AZRF Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
B/D Barrels a Day
BAEC Barents Euro-Arctic Council
Bbl Billion Barrel
Bcm Billion Cubic Meters
Bcm/Y Billion Cubic Meters a Year
BEAC Barents Euro-Arctic Council
Bfrs Brominated Flame Retardants
Bn Billion
BRC Barents Regional Council
BRI Belt and Road Initiative
Bt Billion (Metric) Tons
CAFF Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (Working Group of the
Arctic Council)
CAO Central Arctic Ocean
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