Glial-Neuronal Communication in Development and Regeneration

806 Pages·1987·24.583 MB·English

by  S. Fedoroff (auth.), Hans H. Althaus, Wilfried Seifert (eds.)

Glial-Neuronal Communication in Development
and Regeneration
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
Aseries presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science
Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and
technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific
communities.
The Se ries is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with
the NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Seien ces Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company
Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster and Tokyo
D Behavioural and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Social Seien ces Boston, The Hague, Dordrecht and Lancaster
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Springer-Verlag
Systems Sciences Berlin Heidelberg New York
G Ecological Sciences London Paris Tokyo
H Cell Biology
Series H: Cell Biology Vol. 2
Glial-Neuronal Communication in
Development and Regeneration
Edited by
Hans H. Althaus
Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin
Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 3400 Göttingen, FRG
Wilfried Seifert
Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
Am Faßberg, 3400 Göttingen-Nikolausberg, FRG
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Divison
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Glial-Neuronal Commu
nication in Development and Regeneration held at Castle Ringberg, Bavaria, FRG,
June 9-15, 1985
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-71383-5 e-IS BN-13:978-3-642-71381-1
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-71381-1
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcastings,
reproduction on microlilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication 01 this publication or
parts thereol is only permitted under the provisions 01 the German Copyright Law 01 September 9, 1965, in
its version 01 June 24,1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations lall under the prosecution
act 01 the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1987
Softcover reprint 01 the hardcover 1st edition 1987
2131/3140-543210
FOREWORD
This comprehensive volume is a contribution to a new se ries initiated by the NATO Panel on
"Gell to Gell Signals in Plants and Animals". The book reflects the outcome of an NATO work
shop and bri ngs to mi nd two im portant questions: consideri ng the mass of relevant Ii teratu reavai 1-
able, is there any necessity for a new series of books - and considering the flood of compa
rable meetings - is there any point in workshops of this nature and their publication?
In order to deal with such questions adequately, much more space would be needed than is
available in a foreword. Thus, the answers must remain rather superficial and, of course, rather
subjective. To simplify the issue, the question of publication can be narrowed down to two fac
tors - the financial risk, undertaken by the publisher, and the scientific risk, borne by the editor. If
the book is good (with respect to lay-out and content) it will be a success - nothing will be lost
the people involved will enhance their reputation!
We are left with the question of the usefulness of workshops. Without doubt, it is indeed a
useful procedure for experts to come together, in an atmosphere of harmony, and freedom from
external pressures and time limitations, to discuss a well-defined theme. Wether in agreement
or disagreement, a fair and open forum can be expectet for a variety of contributions.
All this, of course, makes certain demands on the experts, especially when they are also re
quired to document their work in manuscripts of high standard. This is surely easier, if the man
uscript is to be published in a book of equally high standard.
Here, experts have engaged in fruitful discussions on a scientifically attractive theme and
presented them in an attractive book. In my opinion, this book provides support for the previous
arguments.
All those interested in the subject or actively engaged in experimental analytical aspects in
this field, will scarcely be able to ignore this work, at least, until some future workshop provides
us with further results, with newer data of the same high quality, presented with the same exac
titude.
It would be good if this happens - in the same spirit of serving science which this workshop
and its book exemplify.
Volker Neuhoff
Chairman of the NATO Committee
"Gell to Gell Signals in Plants and Animals"
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PREFACE
Virchow's "glue" previously thought to keep the "noble cells" -the neurons - in place is differen
tiated into a species of cells involved in important functions of the neural tissue. On their way
from the neural magma to a neuronal partnership, glial cells have long been considered to be en
gaged in intercellular [K+] regulation, detoxification and nutrition; they also myelinate axons.
The findings of the last 15 years such as the migration of granule cells along processes of
radial glial cells or the GABA-glutamic loop provided evidence for the existence of intimate glial
neuronal communications. A major step forward in studying this interrelationship was achieved
by culturing glial cells either as mixed or pure populations. This allowed a better characterisation
of glial properties: the response of glial cells to exogenous factors such as Bt cAMP, glial prog
2
enitor cells were shown to develop either into astrocytes (type 2) or oligodendrocytes dependent
on their environment, a functional link to the immune system was also demonstrated. Recent
studies based on cultural and transplantation techniques indicate that glial cells could play an
important role following injury of the CNS or PNS: glial cells undertake a guiding function and
provide an extracellular matrix necessary for axon al regeneration; they mayaiso release neurot
rophic factors. On the other hand, neuronal signals appear to influence glial growth and differen
tiation.
It is obvious that due to the refinement of the experimental tools at our disposal, we are pre
sently entering into an exciting phase in which we can start to expand and to substantiate our
knowledge on a variety of glial-neuronal communications. Hence, a conference on this topic to
which leading neuroscientists were invited to participate, seemed to be timely. A NATO work
shop took place at the beautiful Castle Ringberg on Tegernsee in Bavaria. Recent progress in
this field was discussed and perspectives were outlined. To ourdelight, almost all ofthe speak
ers found time to contribute an article for the Proceedings of this ARW. Hence, the articles of the
present volume fulfil two major aspects: not only do they provide us with a survey ofthe "present
state of art" in "Glial-Neuronal Communication in Development and Regeneration" but also they
point to problems of importance in the direction of future research. In addition, the 7 chapters of
this book present such a diversity of experimental tools and strategies that it mayaiso serve as
"source-book" for beginners and advanced neuroscientists as weil.
It is our hope that the volume will reflect some of the stimulating atmosphere we enjoyed at
Castle Ringberg.
The editors would like to express their sincere thanks to all colleagues who gave their time
and energy to make the ARW and the present book a success. We gratefully acknowledge the
major contribution to the financial support from the NATO - Scientific Affairs Division -, as weil
as, that of the following firms: Boehringer - Mannheim, Fidia - München/ Abano Terme, Heraeus
- Hanau and Sartorius - Göttingen. The Max-Planck Society supported the conference gener
ously, not only with respect to our budget but also through the great hospitality we experienced
at Castle Ringberg.
We are also ihdebted to the publisher who accompanied our eftorts continuously in a
spirit ot cooperation.
Wilfried Seifert Hans H. Althaus
GLIAL-NEURONAL COMMUNICATION IN
DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION
June, 9-15,1985
Castle Ringberg, Bavaria, FRG
Althaus, Hans H. Bock, Elisabeth
MPI für experimentelle Medizin University of Copenhagen
Abt. Neurochemie The Protein Laboratory
Hermann-Rein-Str. 3 34, Sigurdsgade
3400 Göttingen 2200 Copenhagen N
FRG Denmark
Balazs, Robert Bregman, Barbara S.
MRC Devel. Neurobiol. Unit University of Maryland
Inst. Neurology School of Medicine
33 John's Mews Dept. of Anatomy
London WC1 N 2NS John Eager Howard Hall
UK 655 W. Baltimore Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Baumann, Nicole USA
Laboratoire de Neurochimie
I,N.S.E.R.M. U. 134 Carbonetto, Salvatore
Höpital de la Salpetriere Neurosciences Unit
47, Boulevard de I'Höpital Montreal General Hospital
75651 Paris Cedex 13 McGiII University
France 1650 Cedar Ave
Montreal, Que. H3G 1A 4
Beckh,Synnöve Canada
MPI für biophysikalische Chemie
Abt. Neurobiologie Chang,Susan
Postfach 28 41 MPI für Entwicklungsbiologie
3400 Göttingen Spemannstr.37
FRG 7400 Tübingen
FRG
Billingsley, Melvin L.
Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Crutcher, Keith A.
Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine
Dept. of Pharmacology Dept. of Anatomy
P.O. Box 850 The University of Utah
Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
USA USA
x
Oe Vellis, Jean Gombos, Giorgio
UCLA School of Medicine C.N.R.S.
Depts. of Anatomy & Psychiatry, Centre de Neurochimie
Mental Retardation Research 5, Rue Blaise Pascal
Center and Laboratory of 67084 Strasbourg Cedex
Environmental & Biomed. Sciences France
Los Angeles, California 90024
USA Gorio, Alfredo
Fidia Research Laboratories
Eng, Lawrence F. 35031 Abano Terme
Pathology Research (151 B) Italy
Veterans Administration
Medical Center Gumpel, Madeleine
3801 Miranda Ave Laboratoire de Neurochimie
Palo Alto, California 94304 I.N.S.E.R.M. U. 134
USA Höpital de la Salpetriere
47, Boulevard de I'Höpital
Federoff , Sergej 75651 Paris Cedex 13
Dept. of Anatomy France
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon S7N OWO Henderson, Chris E.
Canada Neurobiologie Moleculaire
Institut Pasteur
Fischer, Günther 28, Rue du Docteur Roux
Institut für Neurobiologie 75724 Paris Cedex 15
Universität Heidelberg France
Im Neuenheimer Feld 504
6900 Heidelberg 1 Hösli, Elisabeth
FRG Physiologisches Institut
Universität Basel
Fontana, Adriano Vesalianum, Vesalgasse 1
Universitätsspital Zürich 4051 Basel
Dept. Innere Medizin Switzerland
Abt. für klinische Immunologie
Häldeliweg 4 Hösli, Leo
8044 Zürich Physiologisches Institut
Switzerland Universität Basel
Vesalianum, Vesalgasse 1
Ghandour, Said 4051 Basel
C.N.R.S. Switzerland
Centre de Neurochimie
5, Rue Blaise Pascal Honegger, Paul
67084 Strasbourg Cedex Institut de Physiologie
France Universite de Lausanne
Faculte de medecine
7, Rue du Bugnon
1011 Lausanne 11-CHUV
Switzerland
XI
Isacson, Oie Moonen, Gerard
University of Lund Universite de Liege
Dept. of Histology Höpital de Baviere
Biskopsgatan 5 Inst. de Medicine
22362 Lund Boulevard de la Constitution, 66
Sweden 4020 Liege
Belgium
Jessen, Kristjan R.
Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology Mugnaini, Enrico
University College London Dept. Biobehavioral Sci.
Gower Street Lab. of Neuromorphology
London WC1 E 6BT The University of Connecticut
UK Storrs, Conn. 06268
USA
Labourdette, Gerard
C.N.R.S. Müller, Hans W.
Centre de Neurochimie Neurologische Klinik
5, Rue Blaise Pascal Universität Düsseldorf
67084 Strasbourg Cedex Moorenstr.5
France 4000 Düsseldorf
FRG
Lindsay, Ron M.
Laboratory of Neurobiology Omlin, Francois X.
Natl. Inst. of Medical Research Institut d'Histologie
The Ridgeway, Mill Hili et d'Embryologie
London NW7 1A A Universite de Lausanne
UK Rue du Bugnon
1011 Lausanne
Ludwin, Samuel K. Switzerland
Dept. of Pathology
Queen's University Osborne, Neville N.
Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Nuffield Laboratory of
Canada Ophthalmology
University of Oxford
Marchisio, Pier Carlo Walton Street
Universita degli Studi di Torino Oxford OX2 6AW
Istituto di Istologia ed UK
Embriologia Generale
Corso M. D'Azeglio, 52 Pentreath, VictorW.
10126 Torino Dept. of Biology Sciences
Italy University of Salford
Salford M5 4WT
Mirsky, Rhona UK
Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology
University College London
Gower Street
London WC 1E 6BT
UK
XII
Pettmann, Brigitte Rickmann, Michael
C.N.R.S. Institut für Histologie
Centre de Neurochimie und Neuroanatomie
5, Rue Blaise Pascal Kreuzbergring 36
67084 Strasbourg Cedex 3400 Götttingen
France FRG
Pfeiffer, Steven E. Rieske-Schows, Ellen
Dept. of Microbiology and MPI für Psychiatrie
Neurosci. Program Abt. Neuromorphologie
University of Connecticut, Kraepelinstr.2
Health Center 8000 München 40
Farmington, CT 06032-9984 FRG
USA
Schilling, Klaus
Ranscht, Barbara Abt. für klinische Morphologie
MIT, E 25-435 der Universität Ulm
77 Massachusetts Ave Oberer Eselsberg
Cambridge, Mass. 02139 Postfach 40 66
USA 7900Ulm
FRG
Ratner, Nancy
Dept. of Biological Chemistry Schnitzer, Jutta
Washington University, MPI für Hirnforschung
School of Medicine Deutschordenstr. 46
Box 8094 6000 FrankfurtiM 71
660 South Euclid Ave FRG
St. Louis, Missouri 63110
USA Schousboe, Arne
Dept. of Biochemistry A
Rauvala, Helkki The Panum Institute
Dept. of Medical Chemistry University of Copenhagen
University of Helsinki Blegdamsvej 3 C
Siltavuorenpenger 10 2200 Copenhagen N
00170 Helsinki 17 Denmark
Finland
Schröter, Joachlm
Richter-Landsberg, Christiane MPI für experimentelle Medizin
Fachbereich Biologie Abt. Neurochemie
Universität Bremen Hermann-Rein-Str.3
Postfach 33 04 40 3400 Göttingen
2800 Bremen 33 FRG
FRG