Table Of ContentGrammar and Composition
Grade 7
GLENCOE
interactive student edition
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Grateful acknowledgment is given authors,publishers,photographers,museums,and agents for
permission to reprint the following copyrighted material.Every effort has been made to determine
copyright owners.In case of any omissions,the Publisher will be pleased to make suitable
acknowledgments in future editions.
Acknowledgments continued on page 830.
The Standardized Test Practice pages in this book were written by
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Through its association with McGraw-Hill,The Princeton Review
offers the best way to help students excel on standardized assessments.
The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University or Educational Testing Service.
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iii
PROGRAM CONSULTANTS
Mark Lester is Professor of English at Eastern Washington University.He formerly served
as Chair of the Department of English as a Second Language,University of Hawaii.He is the
author of Grammar in the Classroom (Macmillan,1990) and of numerous other professional
books and articles.
Sharon O’Neal is Assistant Professor at the College of Education,Southwest Texas State
University,where she teaches courses in reading instruction.She formerly served as Director
of Reading and Language Arts of the Texas Education Agency and has authored,and
contributed to,numerous articles and books on reading instruction and teacher education.
Jacqueline Jones Royster is Associate Professor of English at The Ohio State University.
She is also on the faculty at the Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College in
Middlebury,Vermont.In addition to the teaching of writing,Dr.Royster’s professional
interests include the rhetorical history of African American women and the social and
cultural implications of literate practices.
Jeffrey Wilhelm, a former English and reading teacher,is currently an assistant professor
at the University of Maine,where he teaches courses in middle and secondary level literacy.
Author of several books and articles on the teaching of reading and the use of technology,
he also works with local schools as part of the Adolescent Literacy Project.
Denny Wolfe, a former high school English teacher and department chair,is Professor of
English Education,Director of the Tidewater Virginia Writing Project,and Director of the
Center for Urban Education at Old Dominion University in Norfolk,Virginia.Author of more
than seventy-five articles and books on teaching English,Dr.Wolfe is a frequent consultant
to schools and colleges on the teaching of English language arts.
iv
Advisors
Educational Reviewers
Philip M. Anderson
Associate Professor of
Secondary Education and
Youth Services,and
Director,English
Education Program
Queens College,
City University of New York
Beverly Ann Chin
Professor of English and
Co-Director,English
Teaching Program
University of Montana
Charleen Silva Delfino
District English Coordinator
East Side Union High School
District
San Jose,California
Director,Writing Project
San Jose University
Ronne Hartfield
Executive Director of
Museum Education
Art Institute of Chicago
Toni Elaine Allison
Meridian Middle School
Meridian,Idaho
Janice Brown
Houston ISD
Houston,Texas
Amy Burton
Sterling Middle School
Fairfax,Virginia
Mary-Ann Evans-Patrick
University of Wisconsin,
Oshkosh
Oshkosh,Wisconsin
Marie Hammerle
Oak Creek Elementary
School
Cornville,Arizona
Randy Hanson
Maplewood Middle School
Menasha,Wisconsin
Geraldine Jackson
Mountain Gap Middle School
Huntsville,Alabama
Jeanne Kruger
Blair Middle School
Norfolk,Virginia
Diana McNeil
Pillans Middle School
Mobile,Alabama
Linda Miller
Lake Travis Middle School
Austin,Texas
Nadine Mouser
St.Thomas More School
Houston,Texas
Roslyn Newman
Woodland Middle School
East Meadow,New York
Evelyn Niles
Boys and Girls High School
Brooklyn,New York
Kathleen Oldfield
Main Street School
Waterloo,New York
Janet E. Ring
Dundee School District 300
Carpentersville,Illinois
Student Advisory Board
The Student Advisory Board was formed in an effort to ensure student involvement in the development of
Writer’s Choice. The editors wish to thank members of the board for their enthusiasm and dedication to the
project.The editors also wish to thank the many student writers whose models appear in this book.
iv
Part 2
Grammar,Usage,and Mechanics
Unit 8 Subjects, Predicates, and
Sentences . . . . . . . . 356
Unit 9
Nouns . . . . . . . . . 378
Unit 10 Verbs
. . . . . . . . . 398
Unit 11 Pronouns . . . . . . . . 428
Unit 12 Adjectives and Adverbs . . . 450
Unit 13 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and
Interjections . . . . . . . 478
Unit 14 Clauses and Complex Sentences
500
Unit 15 Verbals . . . . . . . . . 520
Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement . . . 534
Unit 17 Glossary of Special
Usage Problems. . . . . . 552
Unit 18 Diagraming Sentences
. . . 562
Unit 19 Capitalization
. . . . . . 572
Unit 20 Punctuation . . . . . . . 588
Unit 21 Grammar Through
Sentence Combining . . . . 618
B O O K O V E R V I E W
Resources and Skills
Part 3
Part 1 Composition
Unit 1
Personal Writing. . . . . . . 2
Unit 2
The Writing Process . . . . . 40
Facing the Blank Page . . . . 97
Unit 3 Descriptive Writing. . . . . 108
Unit 4 Narrative Writing . . . . . 150
Unit 5
Expository Writing . . . . . 194
Unit 6
Persuasive Writing
. . . . 256
Unit 7
Troubleshooter . . . . . . 304
Business and Technical Writing
. . . . 328
Unit 22 Library and Reference
Resources . . . . . . . . 630
Unit 23 Vocabulary and Spelling. . . 653
Unit 24 Study Skills
. . . . . . . 684
Unit 25 Taking Tests . . . . . . . 705
Unit 26 Listening and Speaking . . . 742
Unit 27 Viewing and Representing . . 764
Unit 28 Electronic Resources . . . . 781
Writing and Language Glossary
. . . 797
Spanish Glossary. . . . . . . . . 806
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . 830
v
C O N T E N T S
C O N T E N T S
vi
Personal Writing
Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
“Come Dance by the Ocean”
Song by Ella Jenkins
Instruction and Practice
1.1 Writing About What’s Important to You . . . . . . . . 8
Write a Letter; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening
and Speaking; Grammar Link
1.2 Collecting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Write a Learning Log;Viewing and Representing;
Using Computers; Grammar Link
1.3 Writing to Celebrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Write an Invitation; Listening and Speaking;
Spelling Hints; Grammar Link
1.4 Writing About Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Write About an Experience;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
Writing About Literature
1.5 Responding to a Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Write a Letter; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers;
Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action
Personal Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Write about a special day in your life.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting
from The Diary of Latoya Hunter by Latoya Hunter . . . . 32
Literature Model
Literature Model
1
Part 1 Composition
UNIT
UNIT
1
UNIT
UNIT
22
vii
Linking Writing and Literature
Exploring Latoya Hunter’s diary entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Reflecting on the Unit
Adding to Your Portfolio
Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The Writing Process
Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . . 42
from“Smart, Cool and on the Air”
Newspaper Feature by Maisha Maurant
Instruction and Practice
2.1 Using the Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Write a Paragraph; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
2.2 Prewriting: Finding and Exploring a Topic . . . . . 50
Collect Topic Ideas; Listening and Speaking;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link
2.3 Prewriting: Determining Purpose
and Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Identify Purpose and Audience; Listening and
Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link
2.4 Prewriting: Ordering Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Make a Plan for Your Writing;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
2.5 Drafting: Getting It in Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Write a Draft;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
2.6 Revising: Evaluating a Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Evaluate a Draft; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Using Computers; Grammar Link
2.7 Revising: Making Paragraphs Effective . . . . . . . 70
Revise for Effective Paragraph; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
UNIT
UNIT 11 Review
Review
viii
2.8 Revising: Creating Sentence Variety . . . . . . . . . 74
Vary Sentence Lengths; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link
2.9 Editing/Proofreading: Making
Final Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Edit Your Writing; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
2.10 Publishing/Presenting: Sharing Your Writing . . 82
Present Your Writing; Using Computers;Viewing and
Representing; Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action
Writing Process Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Write a brief profile of a courageous person.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting
from The Clay Marble by Minfong Ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Linking Writing and Literature
Analyzing Minfong Ho’s approach to storytelling . . . . . . . . . 95
Reflecting on the Unit
Adding to Your Portfolio
Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Facing the Blank Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Writing for TIME• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting
UNIT
UNIT 22 Review
Review
Literature Model
Literature Model
Descriptive Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . 110
from Song of the Gargoyle
Fantasy by Zilpha Keatley Snyder
Instruction and Practice
3.1 Writing to Show,Not Tell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Write a Description of an Object; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
3.2 Combining Observation and Imagination . . . . 118
Write About an Imaginary Place;Viewing and
Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link
3.3 Choosing Details to Create a Mood. . . . . . . . . . 122
Write a Descriptive Paragraph; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
3.4 Organizing Details in a Description . . . . . . . . . 126
Write a Painting Description;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
3.5 Describing a Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Write a Character Description;Viewing and
Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link
Writing About Literature
3.6 Relating a Poem to Your Experience . . . . . . . . . 134
Write a Poem; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action
Descriptive Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Write an article describing a place—real or imagined.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting
from The Gathering by Virginia Hamilton . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Linking Writing and Literature
Examining Virginia Hamilton’s descriptive techniques . . . . . 148
Reflecting on the Unit
Adding to Your Portfolio
Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
UNIT
UNIT 33 Review
Review
Literature Model
Literature Model
ix
UNIT
UNIT
33
Narrative Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Writing in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . 152
from“User Friendly”
Short Story by T.Ernesto Bethancourt
Instruction and Practice
4.1 Telling a Good Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Write a Children’s Story; Listening and Speaking;
Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link
4.2 Exploring Story Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Write a Narrative Message; Listening and Speaking;
Using Computers; Grammar Link
4.3 Using Time Order in a Story. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Write a Personal Narrative;Viewing and Representing;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
4.4 Writing Dialogue to Develop Characters. . . . . . 168
Write a Dialogue; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
4.5 Drafting a Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Write a Tall Tale; Listening and Speaking;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link
4.6 Evaluating a Story Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Write a Story Opening; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
Writing About Literature
4.7 Responding to a Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Write a Response; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Using Computers; Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action
Narrative Writing Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Write a story focusing on a special person.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting
“A Huge Black Umbrella”by Majorie Agosin . . . . . . . . 188
Linking Writing and Literature
Exploring Marjorie Agosin’s narrative techniques . . . . . . . . 192
Literature Model
Literature Model
UNIT
UNIT
44
x
Reflecting on the Unit
Adding to Your Portfolio
Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Expository Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Wolf-eel
Signs and Labels by Judy Rand
Instruction and Practice
5.1 Giving Information and Explanations . . . . . . . 200
Write Procedures; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
5.2 Organizing Informative Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Write an Explanation; Using Computers;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link
5.3 Writing About Similarities and Differences . . . 208
Write a Comparison-Contrast Letter; Cross-Curricular
Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
5.4 Explaining How Something Works . . . . . . . . . . 212
Write an Explanation; Listening and Speaking; Using
Computers; Grammar Link
5.5 Identifying Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Write a Cause-and-Effect Letter; Cross-Curricular
Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
5.6 Reports: Narrowing a Topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Choose and Narrow a Topic; Listening and Speaking;
Using Computers; Grammar Link
5.7 Reports: Turning to Helpful Sources. . . . . . . . . 224
Begin Your Research; Using Computers; Listening and
Speaking; Grammar Link
5.8 Reports: Conducting an Interview . . . . . . . . . . 228
Conduct an Interview; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
UNIT
UNIT 44 Review
Review
UNIT
UNIT
55
xi
xii
5.9 Reports: Organizing and Drafting . . . . . . . . . 232
Outline and Draft; Journal Writing Activity;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
5.10 Reports: Revising and Presenting. . . . . . . . . . 236
Revise,Edit,and Share Your Report; Listening and
Speaking;Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link
Writing About Literature
5.11 Comparing Two People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Write a Comparison-and-Contrast; Listening and
Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action
Expository Writing Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Write a brochure about your community.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting
from Living Treasure by Laurence Pringle . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Linking Writing and Literature
Analyzing Laurence Pringle’s expository writing. . . . . . . . . 254
Reflecting on the Unit
Adding to Your Portfolio
Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Persuasive Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Writing in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Carson Delivers a Wake-up Call
Persuasive Speech by Dr.Benjamin S.Carson
Instruction and Practice
6.1 Using Persuasive Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Create a Poster; Cross-Curricular Activity;Viewing
and Representing; Grammar Link
6.2 Forming an Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Write a Paragraph; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
UNIT
UNIT 55 Review
Review
Literature Model
Literature Model
UNIT
UNIT
66
6.3 Gathering Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Write a Proposal; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
6.4 Developing an Argument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Write an Editorial; Listening and Speaking;
Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link
6.5 Polishing an Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Create a Leaflet; Using Computers;Viewing and
Representing; Grammar Link
6.6 Writing Publicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Write an Advertisement; Cross-Curricular Activity;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
6.7 Writing a Letter of Complaint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Write a Complaint Letter; Using Computers;
Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link
Writing About Literature
6.8 Writing a Movie Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Write a Review; Speaking and Listening;Viewing and
Representing; Grammar Link
Writing Process in Action
Persuasive Writing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Write a persuasive piece about America’s way of life.
• Prewriting • Drafting • Revising
• Editing/Proofreading • Publishing/Presenting
xiii
Kathy Jakobsen, Circus Parade, 1979
xiv
“The Liberry”by Bel Kaufman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Linking Writing and Literature
Examining Bel Kaufman’s persuasive techniques . . . . . . . . 302
Reflecting on the Unit
Adding to Your Portfolio
Writing Across the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Troubleshooter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Problems and Solutions
7.1 Sentence Fragment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
7.2 Run-on Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
7.3 Lack of Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . 310
7.4 Incorrect Verb Tense or Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
7.5 Incorrect Use of Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
7.6 Incorrect Use of Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
7.7 Incorrect Use of Commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
7.8 Incorrect Use of Apostrophes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
7.9 Incorrect Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Business and Technical Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Instruction and Practice
Business Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Interviews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Multimedia Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
UNIT
UNIT 66 Review
Review
Literature Model
Literature Model
UNIT
UNIT
77
xv
Part 2 Grammar,Usage,
and Mechanics
UNIT
UNIT99
xv
Subjects,Predicates,and Sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Instruction and Practice
8.1 Kinds of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
8.2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . 359
8.3 Subjects and Predicates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
8.4 Identifying the Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
8.5 Compound Subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . 365
8.6 Simple and Compound Sentences . . . . . . . . . . 367
Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
from Water Sky by Jean Craighead George
Writing Application
Sentence Types in Writing; Techniques with Sentence Types;
Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Nouns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Instruction and Practice
9.1 Kinds of Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
9.2 Compound Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
9.3 Possessive Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
9.4 Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and
Contractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
9.5 Collective Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
9.6 Appositives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Grammar Review
Grammar Review
Literature Model
Literature Model
Grammar Review
Grammar Review
UNIT
UNIT88
