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37 Pages·2011·1.07 MB·English

COLLECTION,
 CHARACTERIZATION,

EVALUATION
 AND
 CONSERVATION

OF
 COCOYAM
 (XANTHOSOMA

SAGITIFOLIUM)
 AND

 TARO

(COLOCASIA
 ESCULENTA)

GERMPLASM
 IN
 GHANA

Aboagye,
 L.
 M.,
 E.
 L.
 Omenyo*,
 M.
 O
 Opoku
 Agyeman
 and
 S.
 K.
 Owusu,

CSIR-­‐Plant
 GeneBc
 Resources
 Research
 InsBtute,
 P.
 O.
 Box
 7,
 Bunso,
 Ghana.

CSIR-­‐Crops
 Research
 InsBtute,
 P.
 O.
 Box
 3785,
 Kumasi,
 Ghana.

*Paper
 presented
 at
 the
 Launching
 MeeBng
 the
 InternaBonal
 Network
 for
 Edible

Aroids
 ,
 Kuala
 Lumpur,
 Malaysia
 13-­‐14
 April,
 2011
INTRODUCTION

•  Xanthosoma
 and
 Colocasia
 species

were
 introduced
 to
 West
 Africa,
 in

the
 19th
 century

•  In
 Ghana,
 it
 is
 second
 to
 cassava
 as

an
 important
 source
 of
 energy.
INTRODUCTION
 (Con’t)

•  Farmers
 in
 Ghana
 have
 selected

genotypes
 that
 best
 meet
 their

needs:
 cormels
 or
 leaves

• 
 Agronomically,
 Xanthosoma
 is
 used

as
 a
 shade
 crop
 for
 cocoa
 seedlings
INTRODUCTION

•  Xanthosoma

 and
 Colocasia
 are
 food
 security

crops
 and
 considered
 as
 a
 famine
 food
 uBlized

in
 the
 event
 of
 crop
 failure
 or
 shortage
 of

other
 crops,

• 

 Consequently
 a
 decline
 in
 its
 yield
 poses
 a

great
 threat
 to
 food
 security
 in
 Ghana.
INTRODUCTION

• 
 There
 exist
 an
 extensive
 local
 knowledge

on
 the
 culBvaBon
 and
 propagaBon
 of

cocoyam,
 and
 farmers
 should
 be

consulted
 when
 regeneraBng

Xanthosoma
 and
 Colocasia.

•  In
 spite
 of
 the
 tremendous
 value
 of
 the

crop
 in
 Ghana,
 li‘le
 research
 has
 been

done
 to
 improve
 these
 species
INTRODUCTION

•  In
 Ghana
 the
 goal
 of
 Xanthosoma/

Colocasia
 research
 is
 to
 increase
 its

producBvity
 by
 idenBfying
 high

yielding,
 disease
 tolerant/resistant

and
 acceptable
 clones
 to
 users
 and

to
 broaden
 the
 geneBc
 base
 of

cocoyam
 through
 farmer

parBcipatory
 development.
INTRODUCTION

•  The
 objecBve
 of
 the
 paper
 was
 to

review
 the
 status
 of
 Xanthosoma

and
 Colocasia
 germplasm

collecBng,
 characterizaBon,

evaluaBon
 and
 conservaBon
 in

Ghana.
Ghana
 and
 its
 Agriculture

•  Ghana
 is
 situated
 in
 the
 centre
 of

the
 countries
 along
 the
 Gulf
 of

Guinea
 in
 West
 Africa.

•  There
 are
 six
 main
 agro-­‐ecological

zones
 defined
 on
 the
 basis
 of

climate,
 reflected
 by
 the
 natural

vegetaBon
 and
 influenced
 by
 the

soils
 .

•  These
 are:

Rain
 Forest,

Deciduous
 Forest,

TransiBonal
 zone,

Coastal
 Savannah,

Guinea
 Savannah
 and

Sudan
 Savannah
 Zones.
XANTHOSOMA
 AND
 COLOCASIA

IN
 THE
 ECOLOGICAL
 ZONES

Agro-ecological zone Crops cultivated
Rain forest The major crops grown are oil palm, rice, bananas,
plantains, cocoyam , colocasia and spices.
Deciduous forest Maize, plantain, cocoyam, colocasia cassava, rice,
spices and vegetables including eggplant, beans, pepper
and okro.
Forest-Savannah Maize, plantain, cassava, yam, cocoyam, colocasia,
Transition groundnut, tomato, pepper, eggplant and cowpea.
Coastal Savannah Cassava, maize, tomato, pepper, eggplant, and rice
Sudan and Guinea Maize, cowpea, bambara groundnut, yam, vegetables,
Savannah rice, sorghum and millet.
GERMPLASM
 COLLECTING
 –

PASSPORT
 DATA

•  CollecGon
 number:
 GMA/2006/00001.

 2.
 Accession
 No:
 GH
 8026

•  3.
 Crop
 Species:
 Dioscorea
 esculenta
 4.

 Collector
 (s)
 Gyasi/
 Manu/
 Addo
 5.
 Date:

1-­‐2-­‐06

 6.

 Country:
 Ghana
 7.

 Region:
 Eastern

 8.
 District:
 East
 Akim

 9.

Town:
 E‘okrom

 10.
 Precise
 locality:
 100
 m
 from
 Presby.
 School.

 11.
 AlGtude:

1000m
 a.s.l.

•  12.
 LaBtude:

 06

 13.
 Longitude:
 00
 14.
 Soil
 &
 topography:

Forest
 ochrosol,
 undulaBng
 15.
 ____

 Others…………16.
 Local
 name:
 Afase1
 17.

Ethnic
 group:
 Akim

 18:
 PrecipitaGon:
 less
 than

 450mm
 ____,
 451-­‐650mm

 ____
 ,
651-­‐900mm

 __*__,
 more
 than
 900mm
 19:

 Sample
 source:
 Field

 _*___

 Garden

__Farm
 Store
 ___
 Market

 ____
 InsBtuBon

 20.
 Donor's
 name:
 Akosua
 Mansa

 21.
 Donor's
 source:

 Own
 ___*_
 Local
 ___Market

 ____

 Others

 ____

 22.

Cultural
 pracGces:
 Rain
 fed
 _*___
 Irrigated__Flooded__Transplanted
 ____
 23.

PlanGng
 period:
 March

 24.
 HarvesGng

 period:
 February

 25.

 Associated
 crop:

Sole
 ____

 Mixed

 __*__

 with
 Plantain

 26.
 PopulaGon
 variability:

Uniform__*__
 Low____

 Medium
 ____

 High

 27.Diseases:
 Anthranose

 28

Insects:
 Zonecerus
 variegates
 29.
 Agronomic
 score:
 Very
 poor___,

Poor____,Average____,
 Good_*___,Very
 Good
 -­‐-­‐30.
 Remarks:
 (Materials,
 Uses,

etc).