Geranium and Pelargonium: History of Nomenclature, Usage and Cultivation (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles)

317 Pages·2002·7.75 MB·English

by  Maria Lis-Balchin

Geranium and Pelargonium
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles
Individual volumes in this series provide both industry and academia with in-depth coverage of
one major medicinal or aromatic plant of industrial importance.
Edited by Dr Roland Hardman
Volume 1 Volume 15
Valerian, edited by Peter J. Houghton Ginseng, edited by W.E. Court
Volume 2 Volume 16
Perilla, edited by He-ci Yu, Mistletoe, edited by Arndt Büssing
Kenichi Kosuna and Megumi Haga
Volume 17
Volume 3 Tea, edited by Yong-su Zhen
Poppy, edited by Jenö Bernáth
Volume 18
Volume 4 Artemisia, edited by Colin W. Wright
Cannabis, edited by David T. Brown
Volume 19
Volume 5 Stevia, edited by A. Douglas Kinghorn
Neem, edited by H.S. Puri
Volume 20
Volume 6 Vetiveria, edited by Massimo Maffei
Ergot, edited by Vladimír Krˇen and
Volume 21
Ladislav Cvak
Narcissus and Daffodil, edited by
Volume 7 Gordon R. Hanks
Caraway, edited by Éva Németh
Volume 22
Volume 8 Eucalyptus, edited by John J.W. Coppen
Saffron, edited by Moshe Negbi
Volume 23
Volume 9 Pueraria, edited by Wing Ming Keung
Tea Tree, edited by Ian Southwell and
Volume 24
Robert Lowe
Thyme, edited by E. Stahl-Biskup and
Volume 10 F. Sáez
Basil, edited by Raimo Hiltunen and
Volume 25
Yvonne Holm
Oregano, edited by Spiridon E. Kintzios
Volume 11
Volume 26
Fenugreek, edited by
Citrus, edited by Giovanni Dugo and
Georgios Petropoulos
Angelo Di Giacomo
Volume 12
Volume 27
Gingko biloba, edited by Teris A. Van Beek
Geranium and Pelargonium, edited by
Volume 13 Maria Lis-Balchin
Black Pepper, edited by P.N. Ravindran
Volume 28
Volume 14 Magnolia, edited by Satyajit D. Sarker
Sage, edited by Spiridon E. Kintzios and Yuji Maruyama
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
Geranium and Pelargonium
The genera Geranium and Pelargonium
Edited by
Maria Lis-Balchin
South Bank University, London, UK
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
First published 2002
by Taylor & Francis
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Taylor & Francis Inc,
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
Taylor &Francis is an imprint of the Taylor &Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in
this book is true and accurate at the time of going to press. However,
neither the publisher nor the authors can accept any legal responsibility
or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of
drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical
equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to
consult the manufacturer’s guidelines.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catlog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-21653-9 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-27271-4 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0–415–28487–2(Print Edition)
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
Contents
List of contributors viii
Preface to the series x
1 General introduction 1
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
PART 1
Geranium 3
2 History of nomenclature, usage and cultivation of Geranium and
Pelargonium species 5
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
3 The taxonomy of Geranium species and cultivars, their origins
and growth in the wild 11
DIANA M. MILLER
4 Phytochemistry of the genus Geranium 20
JEFFREY B. HARBORNE AND CHRISTINE A. WILLIAMS
5 Cultivation and harvesting of Geranium macrorrhizum and
Geranium sanguineum for medicinal use in Bulgaria 30
TATYANA STOEVA
6 Essential oil of Geranium macrorrhizum L. production, extraction,
distillation and use 36
TATYANA STOEVA
7 Use of Geranium species extracts as herbal medicines 40
ELIZABETH M. WILLIAMSON
PART 2
Pelargonium 47
8 The taxonomy of Pelargonium species and cultivars, their
origins and growth in the wild 49
DIANA M. MILLER
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
vi Contents
9 Cultivation and sales of Pelargonium plants for ornamental
use in the UK and worldwide 80
JANET JAMES
10 Growing pelargoniums in the garden, conservatory
and for shows 92
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
11 Phytochemistry of the genus Pelargonium 99
CHRISTINE A. WILLIAMS AND JEFFREY B. HARBORNE
12 Pharmacology of Pelargonium essential oils and
extracts in vitro and in vivo 116
STEPHEN HART AND MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
13 Antimicrobial properties of Pelargonium extracts
contrasted with that of Geranium 132
STANLEY G. DEANS
14 Essential oils from different Pelargonium species and cultivars:
their chemical composition (using GC, GC/MS) and appearance
of trichomes (under EM) 147
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
15 Chemotaxonomy of Pelargonium based on alkaloids and
essential oils 166
PETER HOUGHTON AND MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
16 Phylogenetical relationship within the genus Pelargonium
based on the RAPD-PCR method of DNA analysis correlated
with the essential oil composition 174
J. RENATA OCHOCKA, ADAM BOGDAN, ARKADIUSZ PIOTROWSKI
AND MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
17 Geranium essential oil: standardisation, ISO; adulteration and its
detection using GC, enantiomeric columns, toxicity and bioactivity 184
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
18 ‘Rose-scented geranium’ a Pelargonium grown for
the perfume industry 193
FRÉDÉRIC-EMMANUEL DEMARNE
19 Cultivation and distillation of Geranium oil from
Pelargonium species in India 212
B.R. RAJESWARA RAO
20 Micropropagation and biotechnological approaches to tissue
culture of Pelargonium species and production of essential
oils of scenteds 218
BARRY V. CHARLWOOD AND MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
Contents vii
21 Geranium oil and its use in aromatherapy 234
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
22 Perfumery and cosmetic products utilising Geranium oil 247
RHONA WELLS AND MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
23 New research: possible uses of various Pelargonium leaf
oils and extracts as food preservatives 251
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN
24 Pelargonium reniforme and Pelargonium sidoides: their botany,
chemistry and medicinal use 262
HERBERT KOLODZIEJ
25 Interactions between arthropod pests and pelargoniums 291
MONIQUE S.J. SIMMONDS
26 Correlation of the chemical profiles of the essential oil of
Pelargonium (Geranium oil) and others separately and
in mixes, with their relaxant or stimulant properties in
man and smooth muscle preparations in vitro 299
MARIA LIS-BALCHIN AND STEPHEN HART
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
Contributors
Maria Lis-Balchin Jeffrey B. Harborne
School of Applied Science Department of Botany
South Bank University School of Plant Sciences
Borough Road The University of Reading
London Whiteknights
SE1 OAA Reading, RG6 6AS
UK
Stephen Hart
Adam Bogdan Messenger & Signalling Research Group
Department of Biology and School of Biomedical Sciences
Pharmaceutical Botany King’s College London
Medical University of Gdansk Guy’s Campus
ul. Hallera 107 London
60-416 Gdansk SE1 9RT
Poland UK
Peter Houghton
Barry V. Charlwood
Pharmacy Department
Division of Life Sciences
Kings College London
Kings College London
The Franklin-Watkins Building
150 Stamford Street
150 Stamford Street
London
London
SE1 8WA
SE1 8WA
UK
UK
Stanley G. Deans
Janet James
Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Group
The Vernon Geranium Nursery
Food Systems Division
Cuddington Way
SAC Auchincruive
Cheam
Ayr, KA6 5HW
Sutton SM2 7JB
UK
Herbert Kolodziej
Frédéric-Emmanuel Demarne Institut für Pharmazie
ADRIAN S.A. Pharmazeutische Biologie
15, Rue de Cassis Freie Universität Berlin
F-13008 Marseille Königin-Luise-Str. 2(cid:1)4, D-14195
France Berlin, Germany
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis
Contributors ix
Diana M. Miller Tatyana Stoeva
Royal Horticultural Society Laboratory of Biology and Chemistry of
Wisley Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Woking Surrey GU23 6QB Institute of Botany
UK Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
23, Acad. G. Bonchev Str.
J. Renata Ochocka 1113, Sofia
Department of Biology and Bulgaria
Pharmaceutical Botany
Medical University of Gdansk
Rhona Wells
ul. Hallera 107
Charabot et Cie
60-416 Gdansk, Poland
Mill Hill
London
Arkadiusz Piotrowski
Department of Biology and
Pharmaceutical Botany
Christine A. Williams
Medical University of Gdansk
Department of Botany
ul. Hallera 107
School of Plant Sciences
60-416 Gdansk, Poland
The University of Reading
Whiteknights
B.R. Rajeswara Rao
Reading
Central Institute of Medicinal and
RG6 6AS
Aromatic Plants
Field Station
Boduppal Elizabeth M. Williamson
Uppal (PO) Centre for Pharmacognosy and
Hyderabad 500 039, India Phytotherapy
The School of Pharmacy
Monique S.J. Simmonds University of London
Jodrell Laboratories Brunswick Square
Royal Botanic Gardens London
Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB WC1N 1AX
© 2002 Edited by Taylor & Francis