Table Of ContentThe Textile Institute and Woodhead Publishing
TheTextileInstituteisauniqueorganisationintextiles,clothingandfootwear.Incor-
poratedinEnglandbyaRoyalChartergrantedin1925,theInstitutehasindividualand
corporate members in over 90 countries. The aim of the Institute is to facilitate
learning, recognise achievement, reward excellence and disseminate information
within theglobal textiles, clothing and footwear industries.
Historically,TheTextileInstitutehaspublishedbooksofinteresttoitsmembersand
thetextileindustry.Tomaintainthispolicy,theInstitutehasenteredintopartnership
withWoodheadPublishingLimitedtoensurethatInstitutemembersandthetextilein-
dustrycontinuetohaveaccesstohighcalibretitlesontextilescienceandtechnology.
Most Woodhead titles on textiles are now published in collaboration with The
Textile Institute. Through this arrangement, the Institute provides an Editorial Board
which advises Woodhead on appropriate titles for future publication and suggests
possibleeditorsandauthorsforthesebooks.Eachbookpublishedunderthisarrange-
ment carries theInstitute’slogo.
WoodheadbookspublishedincollaborationwithTheTextileInstituteareofferedto
Textile Institutemembers at a substantialdiscount. These books, together with those
publishedbyTheTextileInstitutethatarestillinprint,areofferedontheElsevierweb-
siteat:http://store.elsevier.com/.TextileInstitutebooksstillinprintarealsoavailable
directly from the Institute’s web site at: www.textileinstitutebooks.com.
AlistofWoodheadbooksontextilesscienceandtechnology,mostofwhichhave
beenpublishedincollaborationwiththeTextileInstitute,canbefoundtowardstheend
of thecontents pages.
Relatedtitles
HighPerformance Textiles andTheir Applications
(ISBN: 978-1-84569-180-6)
Fibrous and Composite Materialsfor Civil EngineeringApplications
(ISBN: 978-1-84569-558-3)
Geosynthetics inCivil Engineering
(ISBN: 978-1-85573-607-8)
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles:
Number 175
Geotextiles
From Design to Applications
Edited by
R.M. Koerner
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List of contributors
S.R. Allen TRI/Environmental Inc., Austin, TX, United States
P.E. Ashley Mac Millan Geocomp Corporation,Acton,MA, United States
T. Bauters Consultant, Sunnyvale, CA,United States
D. Bérubé Texel,Saint-Elzéar,QC, Canada
D. Cazzuffi CESI SpA, Milano,Italy
J.C. Chai Saga University, Saga, Japan
B.R. Christopher Christopher Consultants, Roswell, Georgia, United States
L.DavidSuits NorthAmericanGeosyntheticsSociety,Albany,NY,UnitedStates
A.N. Desai The Bombay TextileResearch Association, Mumbai, India
O. Detert Huesker SyntheticGmbH, Gescher, Germany
N. Dixon Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United
Kingdom
A. Filshill INOVAGeosynthetics,Huntingdon Valley, PA,UnitedStates
G. Fowmes LoughboroughUniversity, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United
Kingdom
M. Frost Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United
Kingdom
B. Garner AgruAmerica, Inc., Georgetown, SC, United States
H. Hangen Huesker Synthetic GmbH,Gescher, Germany
M. Heibaum BAW, Federal Waterways Engineeringand Research Institute,
Karlsruhe, Germany
C.W. Hsieh National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung,
Taiwan
Y.G.Hsuan DrexelUniversity, Philadelphia, PA,UnitedStates
W. Huang Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
xvi Listofcontributors
N. Ivy Agru America, Inc., Georgetown,SC, United States
H.-Y.Jeon Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
Ravi Kant The Bombay TextileResearch Association, Mumbai, India
G.R.Koerner Geosynthetic Institute, Folsom, PA, United States
R.M. Koerner Geosynthetic Institute,Folsom, PA,United States; Drexel
University, Philadelphia,PA, United States
A.A.Lavasan Huesker Synthetic GmbH,Gescher, Germany
C.R.Lawson TenCateGeosynthetics, Malaysia
M.C. Mandaglio Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria,
Italy
N. Moraci Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria,ReggioCalabria, Italy
D. Narejo Narejo Inc., Conroe, TX,UnitedStates
J.Raja LoughboroughUniversity,Loughborough,Leicestershire,UnitedKingdom
P. Rimoldi Milan, Officine Maccaferri SpA, Italy
P. Saunier Afitex Texel Geosynthetics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
L.R. Schimmel Huesker, Inc.,Charlotte, NC, United States
C.J. Sprague TRI/Environmental, Inc., Greenville, SC, United States
J.E.Sprague TRI’sDenverDownsResearchFacility,Anderson,SC,UnitedStates
G.T.Torosian GeoTesting Express, Inc., Acton, MA, United States
H. Zanzinger SKZ e Testing GmbH, W€urzburg, Germany
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles
1 Watson’stextiledesignandcolourSeventhedition
EditedbyZ.Grosicki
2 Watson’sadvancedtextiledesign
EditedbyZ.Grosicki
3 WeavingSecondedition
P.R.LordandM.H.Mohamed
4 HandbookoftextilefibresVolume1:Naturalfibres
J.GordonCook
5 HandbookoftextilefibresVolume2:Man-madefibres
J.GordonCook
6 Recyclingtextileandplasticwaste
EditedbyA.R.Horrocks
7 NewfibersSecondedition
T.HonguandG.O.Phillips
8 AtlasoffibrefractureanddamagetotextilesSecondedition
J.W.S.Hearle,B.LomasandW.D.Cooke
9 Ecotextile’98
EditedbyA.R.Horrocks
10 Physicaltestingoftextiles
B.P.Saville
11 Geometricsymmetryinpatternsandtilings
C.E.Horne
12 Handbookoftechnicaltextiles
EditedbyA.R.HorrocksandS.C.Anand
13 Textilesinautomotiveengineering
W.FungandJ.M.Hardcastle
14 Handbookoftextiledesign
J.Wilson
15 High-performancefibres
EditedbyJ.W.S.Hearle
16 KnittingtechnologyThirdedition
D.J.Spencer
17 Medicaltextiles
EditedbyS.C.Anand
18 Regeneratedcellulosefibres
EditedbyC.Woodings
19 Silk,mohair,cashmereandotherluxuryfibres
EditedbyR.R.Franck
xviii WoodheadPublishingSeriesinTextiles
20 Smartfibres,fabricsandclothing
EditedbyX.M.Tao
21 Yarntexturingtechnology
J.W.S.Hearle,L.HollickandD.K.Wilson
22 Encyclopediaoftextilefinishing
H.-K.Rouette
23 Coatedandlaminatedtextiles
W.Fung
24 Fancyyarns
R.H.GongandR.M.Wright
25 Wool:Scienceandtechnology
EditedbyW.S.SimpsonandG.Crawshaw
26 Dictionaryoftextilefinishing
H.-K.Rouette
27 Environmentalimpactoftextiles
K.Slater
28 Handbookofyarnproduction
P.R.Lord
29 Textileprocessingwithenzymes
EditedbyA.Cavaco-PauloandG.G€ubitz
30 TheChinaandHongKongdenimindustry
Y.Li,L.YaoandK.W.Yeung
31 TheWorldTradeOrganizationandinternationaldenimtrading
Y.Li,Y.Shen,L.YaoandE.Newton
32 Chemicalfinishingoftextiles
W.D.SchindlerandP.J.Hauser
33 Clothingappearanceandfit
J.Fan,W.YuandL.Hunter
34 Handbookoffibreropetechnology
H.A.McKenna,J.W.S.HearleandN.O’Hear
35 Structureandmechanicsofwovenfabrics
J.Hu
36 Syntheticfibres:Nylon,polyester,acrylic,polyolefin
EditedbyJ.E.McIntyre
37 Woollenandworstedwovenfabricdesign
E.G.Gilligan
38 Analyticalelectrochemistryintextiles
P.Westbroek,G.PriniotakisandP.Kiekens
39 Bastandotherplantfibres
R.R.Franck
40 Chemicaltestingoftextiles
EditedbyQ.Fan
41 Designandmanufactureoftextilecomposites
EditedbyA.C.Long
42 Effectofmechanicalandphysicalpropertiesonfabrichand
EditedbyH.M.Behery
43 Newmillenniumfibers
T.Hongu,M.TakigamiandG.O.Phillips
WoodheadPublishingSeriesinTextiles xix
44 Textilesforprotection
EditedbyR.A.Scott
45 Textilesinsport
EditedbyR.Shishoo
46 Wearableelectronicsandphotonics
EditedbyX.M.Tao
47 Biodegradableandsustainablefibres
EditedbyR.S.Blackburn
48 Medicaltextilesandbiomaterialsforhealthcare
EditedbyS.C.Anand,M.Miraftab,S.RajendranandJ.F.Kennedy
49 Totalcolourmanagementintextiles
EditedbyJ.Xin
50 Recyclingintextiles
EditedbyY.Wang
51 Clothingbiosensoryengineering
Y.LiandA.S.W.Wong
52 Biomechanicalengineeringoftextilesandclothing
EditedbyY.LiandD.X.-Q.Dai
53 Digitalprintingoftextiles
EditedbyH.Ujiie
54 Intelligenttextilesandclothing
EditedbyH.R.Mattila
55 Innovationandtechnologyofwomen’sintimateapparel
W.Yu,J.Fan,S.C.HarlockandS.P.Ng
56 Thermalandmoisturetransportinfibrousmaterials
EditedbyN.PanandP.Gibson
57 Geosyntheticsincivilengineering
EditedbyR.W.Sarsby
58 Handbookofnonwovens
EditedbyS.Russell
59 Cotton:Scienceandtechnology
EditedbyS.GordonandY.-L.Hsieh
60 Ecotextiles
EditedbyM.MiraftabandA.R.Horrocks
61 Compositeformingtechnologies
EditedbyA.C.Long
62 Plasmatechnologyfortextiles
EditedbyR.Shishoo
63 Smarttextilesformedicineandhealthcare
EditedbyL.VanLangenhove
64 Sizinginclothing
EditedbyS.Ashdown
65 Shapememorypolymersandtextiles
J.Hu
66 Environmentalaspectsoftextiledyeing
EditedbyR.Christie
67 Nanofibersandnanotechnologyintextiles
EditedbyP.BrownandK.Stevens
xx WoodheadPublishingSeriesinTextiles
68 PhysicalpropertiesoftextilefibresFourthedition
W.E.MortonandJ.W.S.Hearle
69 Advancesinapparelproduction
EditedbyC.Fairhurst
70 Advancesinfireretardantmaterials
EditedbyA.R.HorrocksandD.Price
71 Polyestersandpolyamides
EditedbyB.L.Deopura,R.Alagirusamy,M.JoshiandB.S.Gupta
72 Advancesinwooltechnology
EditedbyN.A.G.JohnsonandI.Russell
73 Militarytextiles
EditedbyE.Wilusz
74 3Dfibrousassemblies:Properties,applicationsandmodellingofthree-dimensional
textilestructures
J.Hu
75 Medicalandhealthcaretextiles
EditedbyS.C.Anand,J.F.Kennedy,M.MiraftabandS.Rajendran
76 Fabrictesting
EditedbyJ.Hu
77 Biologicallyinspiredtextiles
EditedbyA.AbbottandM.Ellison
78 Frictionintextilematerials
EditedbyB.S.Gupta
79 Textileadvancesintheautomotiveindustry
EditedbyR.Shishoo
80 Structureandmechanicsoftextilefibreassemblies
EditedbyP.Schwartz
81 Engineeringtextiles:Integratingthedesignandmanufactureoftextileproducts
EditedbyY.E.El-Mogahzy
82 Polyolefinfibres:Industrialandmedicalapplications
EditedbyS.C.O.Ugbolue
83 Smartclothesandwearabletechnology
EditedbyJ.McCannandD.Bryson
84 Identificationoftextilefibres
EditedbyM.Houck
85 Advancedtextilesforwoundcare
EditedbyS.Rajendran
86 Fatiguefailureoftextilefibres
EditedbyM.Miraftab
87 Advancesincarpettechnology
EditedbyK.Goswami
88 HandbookoftextilefibrestructureVolume1andVolume2
EditedbyS.J.Eichhorn,J.W.S.Hearle,M.JaffeandT.Kikutani
89 Advancesinknittingtechnology
EditedbyK.-F.Au
90 Smarttextilecoatingsandlaminates
EditedbyW.C.Smith
91 Handbookoftensilepropertiesoftextileandtechnicalfibres
EditedbyA.R.Bunsell
WoodheadPublishingSeriesinTextiles xxi
92 Interiortextiles:Designanddevelopments
EditedbyT.Rowe
93 Textilesforcoldweatherapparel
EditedbyJ.T.Williams
94 Modellingandpredictingtextilebehaviour
EditedbyX.Chen
95 Textiles,polymersandcompositesforbuildings
EditedbyG.Pohl
96 Engineeringapparelfabricsandgarments
J.FanandL.Hunter
97 Surfacemodificationoftextiles
EditedbyQ.Wei
98 Sustainabletextiles
EditedbyR.S.Blackburn
99 Advancesinyarnspinningtechnology
EditedbyC.A.Lawrence
100 Handbookofmedicaltextiles
EditedbyV.T.Bartels
101 Technicaltextileyarns
EditedbyR.AlagirusamyandA.Das
102 Applicationsofnonwovensintechnicaltextiles
EditedbyR.A.Chapman
103 Colourmeasurement:Principles,advancesandindustrialapplications
EditedbyM.L.Gulrajani
104 Fibrousandcompositematerialsforcivilengineeringapplications
EditedbyR.Fangueiro
105 Newproductdevelopmentintextiles:Innovationandproduction
EditedbyL.Horne
106 Improvingcomfortinclothing
EditedbyG.Song
107 Advancesintextilebiotechnology
EditedbyV.A.NierstraszandA.Cavaco-Paulo
108 Textilesforhygieneandinfectioncontrol
EditedbyB.McCarthy
109 Nanofunctionaltextiles
EditedbyY.Li
110 Joiningtextiles:Principlesandapplications
EditedbyI.JonesandG.Stylios
111 Softcomputingintextileengineering
EditedbyA.Majumdar
112 Textiledesign
EditedbyA.Briggs-GoodeandK.Townsend
113 Biotextilesasmedicalimplants
EditedbyM.W.King,B.S.GuptaandR.Guidoin
114 Textilethermalbioengineering
EditedbyY.Li
115 Woventextilestructure
B.K.BeheraandP.K.Hari