Table Of ContentGeotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground comprises
a collection of 118 papers, four reports on symposium themes, and four invited
lectures presented at the seventh International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects
of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, held in Rome, Italy, 16-18 May 2011.
The symposium was organized by the Technical Committee TC28 “Underground
Construction in Soft Ground” of the International Society for Soil Mechanics
and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). This is the latest in a series which
began in New Delhi in 1994, and was followed by symposia in London (1996),
Tokyo (1999), Toulouse (2002), Amsterdam (2005), and Shanghai (2008). The
Rome symposium was organised by the Italian Geotechnical Society (AGI), under
the auspices of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical
Engineering (ISSMGE) and the Italian Ministry for Public Works, and sponsored GEOTECHNICAL
by various national and international companies.
ASPECTS OF Giulia Viggiani, editor
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground includes contributions
from 30 countries on research, design and construction of underground works in UNDERGROUND
soft ground. The contributions cover:
- Construction, design, and measured performance of bored tunnels CONSTRUCTION IN
GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF
- Physical and numerical modelling of deep excavations and bored tunnels
- Construction, design, and measured performance of deep excavations SOFT GROUND
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN SOFT GROUND
- Design methods and predictive tools for deep excavations and bored
tunnels
- Ground movements, interaction with existing structures and mitigation
measures
- Activities of TC204 working groups
Viggiani
The general reports give an overview of the papers listed in the symposium’s
technical sessions. The proceedings include the written version of the four invited editor
lectures covering topics ranging from the geotechnical aspects of construction of
the new Mexico City deep sewerage system (as a special contribution of TC214
“Soft Soils”), to the long-term settlement mechanisms of tunnels in Shanghai,
the lessons learned from the deep excavations for the North-South Line in
Amsterdam, and the evaluation of the effects of tunnel excavation on historical
buildings, drawing on experience gathered during construction of subway line C
in Rome.
Similar to previous editions, Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft
Ground represents a valuable source of reference on the current practice of
analysis, design, and construction of tunnels and deep excavations in soft
ground. The book is particular aimed at academics and professionals interested
in geotechnical and underground engineering.
an informa business
GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
IN SOFT GROUND
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS
OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN SOFT GROUND, ROMA, ITALY, 17–19 MAY 2011
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground
Construction in Soft Ground
Editor
Giulia Viggiani
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
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Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground – Viggiani (ed)
© 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-68367-8
Table of contents
Preface xiii
Organisation xv
Sponsors xvii
Special lectures
Mexico City deep eastern drainage tunnel 3
M.A. Aguilar-Téllez, R. Méndez-Marroquin, J.L. Rangel-Núñez, M. Comulada-Simpson,
U. Maidl & G. Auvinet-Guichard
Long-term tunnel settlement mechanisms of Metro Line 2 in Shanghai 21
C.W.W. Ng, Q. Li & G.B. Liu
Deep excavations for Amsterdam Metro North-South line: An update and lessons learned 37
A.F. van Tol & M. Korff
Evaluating the effects of tunnelling on historical buildings: The example of a new subway in Rome 47
S. Rampello, L. Callisto, F.M. Soccodato & G.M.B. Viggiani
Keiichi Fujita lecture
TC204 proposal for ‘Keiichi Fujita Lecture’ 65
R. Kastner
Tribute to Professor Keiichi Fujita by ISSMGE Technical Committee 204 (formerly TC28) on
Underground Construction in Soft Ground 67
R.J. Mair & H. Akagi
Session reports
Construction, design and measured performance of bored tunnels 71
C.O. Menkiti
Numerical and physical modelling of tunnels and deep excavations 79
S.W. Jacobsz
Construction, design and measured performance of deep excavations 87
J.R. Standing
Design methods and predictive tools for deep excavations and bored tunnels 97
L. Callisto
Construction, design, and measured performance of bored tunnels
Application of the image and laser sensors based tunnel scanning system 105
M. Sagong, T.H. Koh, B.S. Chun, B.H. Lee & Y.S. Byun
Manipulations of the sticky clays regarding EPB tunnel driving 111
G. Spagnoli, M. Feinendegen, R. Ernst & M. Weh
The effects of anisotropy and of unhomogeneity of stress state on the lining
of road tunnel in a Flysch formation 119
V.M. Santoro
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Foam conditioning in EPB tunnelling 127
M. Thewes, C. Budach & A. Bezuijen
High-resolution multichannel seismic survey for the excavation of the new headrace tunnel
for the Crevola Toce III hydropower scheme in the Ossola Valley, Italy 137
M. Sapigni, A.M. Baldi, F. Bianchi & J. De Luca
Geotechnical instrumentation data management 149
J.L. Gilby, P. Eng & M. Socol
Design and construction of a sewer tunnel in difficult site conditions 157
P. Croce, S. Di Maio, G. Speciale & L. Cassibba
Prediction and performance of a ground freezing application to the rehabilitation works
of an existing tunnel 165
A. Pigorini, A. Sciotti, G. Zoppo & G. Calabresi
Flow around a TBM: A Comparison of analytical and numerical models 173
A. Bezuijen, F. Nagel & G. Meschke
Design of jet-grouting for tunnel waterproofing 181
M. Arroyo, A. Gens, P. Croce & G. Modoni
Modelling a deep tunnel excavation in a low-porosity tectonised clay 189
D. Boldini & A. Graziani
Micro-measurement and monitoring system for ageing underground
infrastructure (Underground M3) 197
K. Soga, A. Ledesma, A. Roncaglia & I. Vaníček
Settlement monitoring and tunnelling process adaptation—case of
South Toulon tunnel 205
J.P. Janin, D. Daniel, R. Kastner, F. Emeriault, A. Guilloux & H. Lebissonnais
Backcalculation of internal forces in the segmental lining of a tunnel:
The experience of Line 1 in Naples 213
E. Bilotta & G. Russo
Backanalysis of measured movements in ageing tunnels 223
C. de Santos, A. Ledesma & A. Gens
Modelling and monitoring of a urban underground excavation 231
A. Cantone, R. Fico, F. Cavuoto & A. Mandolini
The Line 3 of the Metro of Cairo 239
P. Patrizi
Methods of monitoring of metro lining in Prague 247
M. Vaníček, S. Chamra, D. Jirásko, J. Macháček, I. Vaníček, J. Záleský,
A. Hada, K. Chaiyasarn & K. Soga
Two adjacent railway tunnels underneath the historic city of Mainz 257
H. Quick, J. Michael, S. Meissner & U. Arslan
Aicha-Mauls on the Brenner Base Tunnel—status of the works and results 263
H. Quick, J. Michael, K. Bergmeister & E. Facchin
A new tunnel bored in alluvial soft soil under the Malaga Airport 271
C.S. Oteo, J. García Pérez, H. Moreno, P. de La Fuente & J. Oteo Escobar
Analysis of convergence data and 3D numerical modelling of tunnels excavated
in fine-grained soils 281
P. Perazzelli, T. Rotonda, D. Boldini, A.M. Ajmone-Cat & P.M. Gianvecchio
Back-fill grout with two component mix in EPB tunneling to minimize
surface settlements: Rome Metro—Line C case history 291
S. Pelizza, D. Peila, R. Sorge & F. Cignitti
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Deep excavation of Malatesta Station in Rome: Design, construction and measures 301
E. Romani, R. Sorge, G. Guiducci, A. Lucarelli & G. Furlani
Line C in Rome: Remote monitoring system 309
R. Sorge, S. Moretti & O. Tripoli
Physical and numerical modelling of deep excavations and bored tunnels
Review of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids behaviour in the context of grouts 321
S. Kazemian, A. Prasad & B.B.K. Huat
Stability of cohesive-frictional soils with square underground openings 327
K. Yamamoto, A.V. Lyamin, D.W. Wilson, A.J. Abbo & S.W. Sloan
Bearing capacity analysis of cohesive-frictional soils with dual circular tunnels 335
K. Yamamoto, A.V. Lyamin, D.W. Wilson, A.J. Abbo & S.W. Sloan
Centrifuge modelling of the response of buildings to tunnelling 343
R.P. Farrell & R.J. Mair
Tunnelling-induced deformation on a masonry structure: A numerical approach 353
A. Amorosi, D. Boldini, G. de Felice & M. Malena
The dynamic behavior of shield circular tunnels and surrounding granular soils
during earthquakes 361
M. Hatambeigi, Y. Pashang Pisheh & M. Pashang Pisheh
An investigation into Inclined Struts method as a type of shoring 369
A. Fakher & S. Sadeghian
Understanding ground deformation mechanisms during multi-propped excavation in soft clay 377
S.Y. Lam, S.K. Haigh & M.D. Bolton
Face stability control for EPB tunnels in a non homogeneous till formation
with highly permeable layers 387
A. Graziani, A. Lembo-Fazio, M. Moccichino & P. Romualdi
Numerical simulation of long-term twin-tunnel behaviour at St James’s park 395
R.G. Laver & K. Soga
The efficiency of compensation grouting in sands 403
K. Soga, A. Bezuijen & K. Eisa
Tunneling in stratified soft ground: Experimental study on 1g EPBS reduced scale model 411
N. Berthoz, D. Branque, H. Wong, G. Généreux, D. Subrin & E. Humbert
Effects of the excavation procedure on the stability of diaphragm wall panels 417
D. L’Amante & A. Flora
Water table lowering effects on excavations 425
N.P. Raposo & A.T. Gomes
Influence of leakage on tunnel behavior in soft soils 433
D.M. Zhang, H.W. Huang & Z.Y. Fan
Effect of soil stratification on pipe behaviour due to tunnelling-induced ground
movements based on the displacement controlled method 441
Z.G. Zhang, M.S. Huang, M.X. Zhang & W.D. Wang
Influence of overcut length on jack force and acting earth pressure during pipe jacking 449
A. Asanprakit, M. Sugimoto & J. Chen
Assessment of building damage induced by excavation using plate analogy 455
E. Namazi & H. Mohamad
Comparing the limit equilibrium method and the numerical stress analysis method
of tunnel face stability assessment 463
P. Perazzelli & G. Anagnostou
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An analytical method to control tunnel lining settlements 471
A.D. Garini
Interaction between tunnelling and bridge foundation—3D numerical investigation 477
C. Yoo & S.J. Wu
Numerical analysis of precast tunnel segmental lining supported by full-scale
experimental tests 481
F. Cignitti, R. Sorge, A. Meda, F. Nerilli & Z. Rinaldi
The ground movement simulator: An interesting facility for the study of the behavior
of buildings submitted to ground subsidence 489
M. Caudron, M. Al Heib, B. Hor & F. Emeriault
Experimental and numerical study of grout injections in silty soils 495
L. Masini, S. Rampello, G.M.B. Viggiani & K. Soga
3D finite element analysis of deep excavations with cross-walls 505
S. Rampello & S. Salvatori
A 3D numerical study of deep excavations in clayey soils 515
E. Erbì & F.M. Soccodato
Construction, design, and measured performance of deep excavations
Interaction of retaining structure with adjacent building: Multi-stage numerical analysis 523
E.M. Comodromos & M.C. Papadopoulou
Effect of pressurized grouting on anchor behavior in residual soils 529
T.-S. Kim, B.-K. Sim, J.-S. Kim, S.-W. Lee & I.-M. Lee
Design and construction of anchored diaphragm walls and dewatering system
for the excavation of a two-level basement car park at the Al Ghazala Hotel
Intercontinental in Tripoli—Libya 537
C. Asioli, M. Agostini & T. Minotti
Underground car parks in Italian urban areas: Not an easy task! 545
G. Pagotto, P. Silvi & F. Casadei
Recent uses of directional drilling technology in the construction field 553
D. Vanni, M. Siepi, M. Croce, F. Melli & V. Specchio
Leak detection in complex underground structures using an innovative
geophysical method 559
D. Vanni & E. Geutebrück
Construction of a large underground parking in Bari downtown 567
R. Granata, F. Gioia & V. Cotecchia
Seepage experiences for deep urban excavation at the TBM Malatesta shaft, Rome 577
A. Capata & V. Capata
Spatial effects on excavations in deep soft lacustrine clay 585
P. Becker, G. Berhane & H.-G. Kempfert
Detection of imperfections in diaphragm walls with geophysical measurements 593
R. Spruit, V. Hopman & A.F. van Tol
An integrated monitoring and risk management system for civil construction works 599
E.P.T. Smits
The study of displacements of diaphragm walls built in Warsaw Quaternary soils 605
A. Siemińska-Lewandowska, M. Mitew-Czajewska & U. Tomczak
Design control and monitoring of a jet grouted excavation bottom plug 611
N. Eramo, G. Modoni & M.A.A. de Toledo
viii
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Dewatering tests results for underground C Line stations construction 619
M. Grisolia, G. Iorio & A. Zechini
Evaluation of negative skin friction on sheet pile walls at the Rio Grande dry dock, Brazil 627
C.M. Santana, F.A.B. Danziger, F.R. Lopes, L.B. Becker & R.J.L. Pereira
Challenging demands on the geotechnical design and first monitoring results
of the T185 in Frankfurt 633
S. Meissner, H. Quick, J. Michael & U. Arslan
Geotechnical design of a railway tunnel and an underground station supporting
the new city hall, Delft, The Netherlands 639
M.J.C. Everaars, E. Kwast, C.M. Meulblok, S. Delfgaauw & H. Mortier
CSM-cutter soil mixing—worldwide experiences of a young soil mixing method in soft soils 647
F.-W. Gerressen & T. Vohs
The construction of deep excavation ditch in weak soil in St. Petersburg 653
R. Mangushev, E. Lashkova, V. Smolenkov & A. Osokin
Effect of staged dewatering and excavation on the heave of soil beneath deep excavation 659
G. Zheng & Z. Li
Design and construction of deep excavations in Shanghai 667
W.D. Wang & Z.H. Xu
3-D finite element modeling and construction aspects for vertical shafts in Metro C Rome 685
G. Furlani, G. Guiducci, A. Lucarelli, A. Carrettucci & R. Sorge
Effect of cement on tropical peat stabilized by deep mixing method 693
S. Kazemian, A. Prasad & B.B.K. Huat
Design methods and predictive tools for deep excavations and bored tunnels
Effects of tunnelling on a single pile: Three-dimensional design tool 701
J.Q. Surjadinata, T.S. Hull & J.P. Carter
Prediction method of the displacement of surrounding ground during excavation 709
Y. Motoi
Numerical modeling of diaphragm wall behavior in Bangkok soil using hardening soil model 715
N. Phien-wej, M. Humza & Z.Z. Aye
A nonlinear soil spring model considering ground stress and strain change during excavation 723
T. Sakamoto & Y. Katsura
How to analyse walls for deep excavations 729
A. Hettler & T. Schanz
Prediction of tunnel-induced settlements in soft ground 735
J. Fillibeck & N. Vogt
Strains and failure characteristics of pyroclastic materials in deep excavation 743
A. Lombardi & A. Capata
Simplified numerical method for tunnel design under seismic condition:
Some examples about Istanbul Metro design, Kadikoy-Kartal Line 751
G.M. Gaspari, G. Quaglio, V. Floria
FEM analyses of deep excavations and earth retaining structures in soft clay 765
T. Kono & Y. Shigeno
The influence of jet-grout constitutive modelling in excavation analyses 773
M. Ciantia, M. Arroyo, R. Castellanza & A. Gens
Pile-group response due to tunnelling 781
F. Basile
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