Table Of Contentarn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti
Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics
G i o r g i G o g o l a s h v i l i
GEORGIAN VERB
(FORM-BUILDING ISSUES)
Tbilisi
2010
g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i
q a r T u l i z m n a
(formawarmoebis sakiTxebi)
Tbilisi
2010
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ASBN
© giorgi gogolaSvili
qarTuli zmnis sarkvevi
profesorma giorgi gogolaSvilma gansakuTrebulad uer-
Tgula qarTuli zmnis problematikas. SeiZleba iTqvas, Tavisi
samecniero moGvaweobis ganmavlobaSi mas arasodes SeuCerebia
fiqri im problemebze, romlebic qarTuli zmnis formawarmoe-
bis urTules sistemasTan aris dakavSirebuli da romelTac
mkvlevarTa araerTi Taobis Zalisxmeva Selevia. es iKo mecnieris
sakvalifikacio naSromebis ucvleli Tema da egeve Tematika do-
minirebs mis mravalricxovan publikaciebSi.
da, ai, axla SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom winamdebare monografi-
is saxiT mkiTxvels sruli warmodgena Seeqmneba im mecnierul
Sedegebze, rac mravalwliani Zalisxmevis Sedegad moupovebia av-
tors; SesaZlebloba eqneba erT mTlianobaSi dainaxos da Seafa-
sos miGebuli daskvnebi, Caswvdes kvlevis principebsa da logi-
kas.
prof. giorgi gogolaSvili sakmaod detalurad mimoixi-
lavs im istoriul winapirobebs, dawKebuli pirveli filologi-
uri gramatikebidan _ vidre akaki SaniZemde, ramac moamzada sa-
kvlevi problematikis dGevandeli viTareba; magram mainc unda
iTqvas, rom avtori gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva zmnuri sistemebisa
da struqturebis formaluri analizis erTgulebiT. man amisa-
Tvis Sesavlidanve moamzada Teoriuli postulatebi sauGlebel
fuZesa da mwkrivis sxva formalur elementebTan dakavSirebiT
da Semdgom Tanamimdevrulad icavs am princips.
aman ganapiroba, magaliTad, is, rom mkvlevarma CamoaKaliba
qarTuli zmnis uGlebis rvamwkriviani paradigma, gamoricxa ra
mwkrivis fuZidan regularulad ganmeorebadi, saerTo elementi
_ zmniswini. formaluri TvalsazrisiT aseTi modeli TiTqmis
ugamonaklisod moqmedebs gardamavali zmnis formawarmoebisas;
da radganac gardamavali zmnis modeli Kvelaze ufro srulia
6 g. g og o la Sv i li. qarTuli zmna
(unakloa) am TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba SemoTavazebuli paradigma-
tuli wesi pirobiTad ganvazogadoT mTel sistemaze.
amgvarad, avtori gvTavazobs enobriv monacemTa aGweriT
analizs da amas sulac ar uSlis xels is, rom igi mudmivad iT-
valiswinebs da, SeiZleba iTqvas, paralelur yrilSi warmoad-
gens rogorc Zveli qarTulis, ise TiTqmis Kvela dialeqtis
zmnuri formawarmoebis (paradigmatul) monacemebs.
qarTuli zmniT dainteresebuli piri amieridan am erT
wignSi ixilavs TavmoKrils arsebiTad Kvela sakiTxs, dakavSire-
buls samive seriisa da maTSi Semaval mwkrivTa Sesaxeb.
kidev erTi unda iTqvas avtoris sasargeblod: TiTqmis ara-
vis gamouvlenia ise Grmad mwkrivTa warmoebis Sinagani, sistemu-
ri determinizmi, rogorc es g. gogolaSvilma warmoaCina (maga-
liTad, wKvetilisa da kavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSanTa urTier-
Tganpirobebuloba da am sistemuri kanonebis istoriuli dinami-
ka da misT.).
bolositKvaSi avtori ambobs: `SeiZleba wigni araTanabari
moeCvenos kacs: zog sakiTxs meti KuradGeba mivaqcieT, zogs _
naklebi... magram gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es ar aris sistemuri
kursi~. rogorc Cans, miTiTebuli `uTanabroba~ mecnieruli Zie-
bis bunebidan momdinareobs, albaT amiTac aris is saintereso.
amJerad mTavari is aris, rom winamdebare wigni axal energias
Semoitans qarTuli enis gramatikuli agebulebis SeswavlaSi da
is did samsaxurs gauwevs qarTuli zmniT dainteresebul nebis-
mier pirs.
avTandil arabuli
mixeil qurdiani
Sesavali
* * *
cnobili yeSmaritebaa: saxeli qarTul enaSi gacilebiT
martivia, zmna _ uaGresad rTuli. am sirTulem aTqmevina XIX
saukuneSi platon ioselians, rom qarTulSi Koveli zmna ukano-
noao: `qarTulisa enisa zmnani Kovelnive arian ukanononi; TviTe-
ulsa zmnasa aqvs Tviseba gardakeTebisa sxvad zmnad mimatebiTa,
romelTame marcvalTa mravalTa sxvaTa sitKvisa nawilTa Za-
luZsT gardaqceva zmnaT; aqedan gamovals siZnele kanonTa
miGebisa maTTvis~ (p. ioseliani, 1840, gv. 49). niyieri gramatiko-
sis amgvar Sefasebas qarTuli zmnis buneba Seapirobebda.
momdevno periodis gramatikosi a. quTaTelaZe ase afasebs
viTarebas: `dGemdis mainc ver vigdeT xelSi is klite, romelic
aGebs Kvela zmnebis kars, rom, Sig ra aris, gavigoT; mainc ver
gavxseniT dGemdis im saidumloebis naskvi, romelsac hqvia
uGvlileba. e.i. ver mivageniT im kanons, romlis ZaliTac SegveZ-
leboda Koveli zmnis Cagdeba kalapotSi uGvlilebis dros, da
ise, rom erTmaneTSi ar aGgvreoda~ (a.quTaTelaZe,1897,gv.12).
1929 wels arnold Ciqobavam p. ioselianis zemomoKvanili
azri gaixsena da Tqva: `mas Semdeg 88 welma ganvlo, magram, sa-
mwuxarod, dGesac veravin itKvis, rom es siZnele daZleuli
iKos; `qarTuli zmnis xlarTSi mecnieruli analizis Suqma Je-
rac ver Seatana da, albaT, sakmao dro gaivlis, sanam misi uCina-
ri meqanizmis pirveladi berketebi gaSiSvldebodes~... Tqma ar
unda, bevri ram aris ukve garkveuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, ZiriTadad
Seicvala warmodgena qarTuli zmnis Sesaxeb, magram axlac ara
Tu gadawKvetili ar aris Kvela sakiTxi, aramed dasmulic ki sa-
Tanadod~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1998, gv. 13).
am sitKvebis Tqmidan 80 weli gavida. gakeTda gacilebiT me-
ti, vidre maSin SeiZleboda warmoedgina kacs. daisva da
8 g. gogolaSvili. qarTuli zmna
gadawKda uamravi sakiTxi, problema. gamoqveKnda aseulobiT na-
Sromi, aTeulobiT monografia qarTuli zmnis sakiTxebs rom ik-
vlevs. da mainc: gasakeTebeli aris albaT gacilebiT meti, vidre
gakeTda dGemde. qarTuli zmna amouwuravi sabadoa, saganZuria,
romlis gamomzeureba da srulKofili Seswavla momavlis saqmea.
winamdebare wignis avtoris mizani qarTuli zmnis Seswav-
laSi SeZlebisdagvari wvlilis Setanaa. naSromi Cveni ocdaaT-
wliani fiqris Sedegia. avtori bednieri iqneba imiT, Tu es na-
fiqri Tavis mizans miaGwevs.
* * *
1984 wels enaTmecnierebis institutSi Tematuri samecnie-
ro konferencia gaimarTa _ `qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis for-
mobrivi da semantikuri analizi~. am konferenciaze wavikiTxe mo-
xseneba `nakvTeulTa sistema da uGvlilebis tipebi axal qar-
TulSi~ (g. gogolaSvili, 1984(1)). am naSromSi pirvelad davsvi
sakiTxi imis Taobaze, rom gadasasinJia mwkrivTa raodenobis sa-
kiTxi axal qarTulSi. kerZod, mimaCnda, rom mKofadis wris
gamoKofa (mKofadi, xolmeobiTi, mKofadis kavSirebiTi) formob-
rivi TvalsazrisiT ar aris gamarTlebuli da axal qarTulSi
realurad, formobriv-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT 8 mwkrivi
gvaqvs (nacvlad saKovelTaod miGebuli 11 mwkrivisa). sakiTxis
amgvarad dasma moulodneli aGmoCnda zogierTTaTvis da zedmet
siTamamed CauTvales avtors. erT-erTma cnobilma enaTmecnierma
aGSfoTeba ver damala da replikis _ `formalizmi amaze Sors
ver wavao~ _ Semdeg darbazi datova...
mwkrivTa raodenobis sakiTxi uGlebis zogad sakiTxebTan
iKo gadaJayvuli da vcadeT, es Tvalsazrisi gagvevrco da argu-
mentirebuli gagvexada. 1988 wels wigni gamovida amgvari saTau-
riT _ `qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis sistema~. wignis gamosvlas
dumiliT Sexvdnen, magram roca es naSromi 1992 wels sadoqto-
ro disertaciad warvadgine, polemika sakmaod mZime da seriozu-
li iKo. sadisertacio sabyom disertants Ziebuli xarisxi miani-
ya... am problemebze muSaoba grZeldeboda.
rva mwkrivis idea momxreebs iZenda. al. onianis or wignSi
aris vrceli msJeloba imis Taobaze, rom mKofadis wris
gamoKofa Tanamedrove qarTulSi morfologiurad gaumarTlebe-
lia (a. oniani, 1998, gv. 212 da Semd.; a. oniani, 2003, gv. 148 da
Sesavali 9
Semd.). CvenTvis faseulia TvalsazrisTa aseTi damTxveva, Tumca
cota gaugebrobas amgvari msJeloba iwvevs: `msgavsi Tvalsazrisi,
erTgarad gansxvavebul argumentaciaze damKarebiT, Cvengan damo-
ukideblad, wamoKenebulia g. gogolaSvilis naSromSi (miTiTebu-
lia 1988 wels gamocemuli wigni _ g. g.). rodesac es naSromi
gamoqveKnda, Cveni Sexeduleba im saxiT, ra saxec mas winamdebare
wignSi aqvs, ukve CamoKalibebuli iKo, amitom SesaZleblad miviC-
nieT, Cveni Sexeduleba ucvlelad warmogvedgina, Tumca arsebu-
li Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswineba (albaT igulisxmeba g. gogo-
laSvilis Tvalsazrisi _ g. g.), mas (e. i. a. onianis Tvalsaz-
riss? _ g. g.) mxolod sargeblobas moutanda. mkiTxvels SeuZ-
lia TiToeul maTgans cal-calke gaecnos~ (!) (a. oniani, 1998,
gv. 217). aseTive komentari gvxvdeba avtoris Semdegdroindel
gamocemaSic: `msgavsi Tvalsazrisi, erTgvarad gansxvavebuli ar-
gumentaciiT, Cvengan damoukideblad, wamoKenebulia g. gogolaS-
vilis naSromSi (g. gogolaSvili, 1988, gv. 82-99). rodesac es
naSromi gamoqveKnda, Cveni aq warmodgenili Sexeduleba xxxxeeeellllnnnnaaaa----
wwwweeeerrrrSSSSiiii ukve dasrulebuli iKo, amitom SesaZleblad miviCnieT mi-
si ucvlelad gamoqveKneba...
g. gogolaSvilis naSromis gaTvaliswineba, iiiissss rrrroooommmm CCCCvvvveeeennnniiii
SSSSeeeexxxxeeeedddduuuulllleeeebbbbiiiissss ddddaaaassssrrrruuuulllleeeebbbbaaaammmmddddeeee ggggaaaammmmooooqqqqvvvveeeeKKKKnnnneeeebbbbuuuulllliiiiKKKKoooo (xazi Cvenia _
g. g.), cxadia, ramdenadme Seamsubuqebda Cvens Sromas. ise ki ori
avtoris erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad msgavs Tvalsazrisamde
misvla garkveviT metKvelebs Tvalsazrisis sasargeblod~ (a. oni-
ani, 2003, gv. 155). arada, es wigni TiTqmis 20 wlis Semdeg dai-
beyda Cveni Tvalsazrisis gamoqveKnebidan... magram amas axla Cven-
Tvis ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba; mTavari isaa, rom aq dro-ki-
loTa sistemis Cveneuli xedva aris gaziarebuli...
kidev erTi saintereso faqti: 1999 wlis 17 maiss enaTmec-
nier ramaz qurdaZis sadoqtoro disertaciis dacvisas oficia-
lurma oponentma prof. z. sarJvelaZem Tqva, rom prof. givi ma-
yavariani saleqcio kursSi aGniSnavda I seriaSi mKofadis wris
mwkrivTa gamoKofis mizanSeuwonlobas; I seriaSi sam mwkrivs mi-
iCnevda kanonierad. z. sarJvelaZem isic daamata, rom am Tvalsaz-
risis Sesaxeb ar SeiZleba scodnoda g. gogolaSvils, radgan es
saleqcio kursi ar gamoqveKnebulao... CvenTvis es cnoba friad
faseuli iKo...
