Geology: Методические указания по английскому языку

57 Pages·2003·0.414 MB·Russian

by  Козлова Е. П.

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«Оренбургский государственный университет»

Кафедра английского языка естественно-научных
и инженерно-технических специальностей

Е. П. КОЗЛОВА

GEOLOGY

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

Рекомендовано к изданию Редакционно-издательским советом
Государственного образовательного учреждения
высшего профессионального образования
«Оренбургский государственный университет»

Оренбург 2003

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ББК
K

УДК

Рецензенты
кандидат филологических наук, доцент Н. С. Сахарова
кандидат филологических наук, доцент Л.Ф. Мачнева

Козлова Е. П.
K-59 Geology: Методические указания по английскому
языку – Оренбург: ГОУ ВПО ОГУ,2003. - 58 c.

Данные методические указания представляют собой подборку
текстов, упражнений, диалогов по разговорным темам для студентов
второго курса естественно-научного факультета. Предлагаемые
упражнения и тексты способствуют развитию диалогической и
монологической речи, а также развивают умения перевода и навыки
говорения. Предназначено для использования на практических занятиях
по английскому языку.

ББК

©Козлова Е.П.,2003
©ОГУ ВПО ОГУ, 2003

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Введение

Данные методические указания по английскому языку предназначены
для студентов II курса естественно-научного факультета специальности
«Геология». Основной целью методических указаний является подготовка
студентов к самостоятельному чтению на английском языке оригинальной
технической литературы по специальности, что соответствует требованиям
программы по иностранным языкам для неязыковых вузов.
Тематический отбор материала позволяет ознакомить студентов с
терминологией по данной специальности. Методические указания состоят из 4
разделов, включающих основные тексты для изучающего чтения, тексты для
письменного перевода, упражнения для развития навыков устной и письменной
речи. Два дополнительных раздела содержат грамматические упражнения,
построенные на примерах из текстов геологического профиля, и подборку
текстов для самостоятельного чтения. Методические указания предназначены
как для работы в аудитории, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов.

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I Section I My speciality

1.1 Слова и словосочетания к тексту

natural sciences – естественные науки
specialist – специалист
speciality – специальность
specialized – специализированный
geodesy –геодезия

mineralogy – минералогия
geochemistry – геохимия
topography – топография
geological surveying – геологическая съемка
prospecting for mineral resources –поиски и разведка полезных ископаемых

principles of paleontology – основы палеонтологии
crystallography – кристаллография
achievements – достижения
at our disposal – в нашем распоряжении
well-equipped laboratories – хорошо оборудованные лаборатории
up-to-date – современный
facilities – оборудование
course paper – курсовая работа
diploma paper (graduation thesis) – дипломная работа
to graduate from the university – заканчивать университет
post-graduate course – аспирантура
fossil-окаменелость, ископаемое
microscope- микроскоп
slices of rocks- слои пород
fine sand-мелкий песок
valuable-ценный
ores-руды
deposit-месторождение
indispensable-необходимый
atmosphere – атмосфера
hydrosphere – гидросфера
scope – сфера
solid – твердый
geophysicist – геофизик
oceanographer – океанограф
meteorologist – метеоролог
mineralogist – минеролог
manner of occurrence - способ залегания

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1.2 Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания

- establishment, educational establishment, higher educational establishment;
- science, life sciences, geological sciences, natural sciences, The Faculty of
Natural Sciences;
- geology, geodesy, geography, geochemistry, geophysics;
- language, foreign languages;
- well-equipped, well-equipped laboratories, it will be equipped;
- scientific, scientific research, scientific achievements;
- field, magnetic field, radiation field.

1.3 Прочтите и переведите текст 1А

My speciality

The Orenburg State University is the largest higher educational establishment
in our town. It has 1 Institute and 15 Faculties. I study at the Faculty of Natural
Sciences. Our faculty was organized in 1998. It trains specialists on the following
specialities: geography, biology, chemistry and geology. My future specialization is
“Geological surveying and prospecting for mineral deposits”. We study
mathematics, history, physics, chemistry, philosophy, computer studies and some
others subjects. There are also such specialized subjects as geodesy, mineralogy,
geochemistry, topography, principles of palaeontology, crystallography. Mastering
one of the foreign languages enables us to read foreign literature and learn about the
latest scientific and technical achievements abroad.
At our disposal we have lecture halls, well-equipped laboratories, library, large
sport centre. Up-to-date personal computers are used in the academic process and in
scientific research. The computer network of our University is connected to the
“Internet” system. The university has geological stations (Kuvandyk Region) for
students’ practice and grounds for geodetical and mining surveying practical training.
A course of study lasts five years. While studying at the University we are to fulfil
course papers and a diploma paper (graduation thesis), which is submitted at the end
of the fifth year. After graduating from the University students can continue their
studies at the post-graduate course. The graduates of our faculty can work as
engineers, teachers, research workers, inspectors, managers, etc.
The word “geology” is derived from two Greek words meaning “ the study of
the Earth”. By studying mountains, valleys and rivers, the geologist has amassed a
necessary store of knowledge about the formation of the Earth, and the endless
changes which have taken place since its formation. From fossils, he has read the
story of life on the earth of years ago. With the microscope, he has discovered tiny
minerals in thin slices of rock and fine sands, and by knowing the secrets of geology,
he has found valuable ores and other mineral deposits that are indispensable in daily
life.
Geology includes the study of the continents, the ocean, the atmosphere, and
the earth’s magnetic and radiation fields. Clearly, this scope is too broad for any one
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scientists, so geologists generally limit themselves to the solid earth. Geophysicists
study the deep parts of the Earth and its fields; oceanographers study the
hydrosphere; and meteorologists study the atmosphere. The mineralogist is most
interested in that part of geology that deals with the process of mineral formation and
their manner of occurrence.

1.4 Ответьте на следующие вопросы

1) What University do you study?
2) What faculty do you belong to?
3) When was your faculty organized?
4) What specialists does your faculty train?
5) What subjects do you study?
6) What does the course of study ends with?
7) How can the graduates continue their studies?
8) Do you have a wide range of job opportunities on completion of studies?
9) What is your future speciality?
10) What is geology and what it deals with?
11) What do geophysicists (oceanographers, meteorologists, mineralogists) study?

1.5 Вставьте предлоги там, где это необходимо (at, from, on, with, in, to,
of)

1) Our faculty train specialists ….. different specialities.
2) Students are provided ….. everything necessary for their scientific career.
3) We often read the articles about the latest scientific achievements ….. abroad.
4) Such specialists are ….. great demand now.
5) Diploma paper is submitted ….. the end ….. the fifth year.
6) Geology is the study ….. the Earth and ….. particular the history, the structure,
the processes operating in and on the Earth.
7) After graduating ….. the university students may go on with their study and
research.
8) Geology has contributed a great deal ….. civilization.
9) The mineralogist studies that part of geology which deals….. the minerals.

1.6 Переведите следующие словосочетания

процесс обучения; дипломная работа; ВУЗ; последние достижения в науке и
технике; в нашем распоряжении; специализированные предметы; геологическая
съемка; научные исследования; современное оборудование; в этом смысле;
полезные ископаемые; поиски и разведка полезных ископаемых; процессы
минералообразования; способы залегания; геологические станции и площадки;
ценные руды; выпускники факультета.

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1.7 Переведите следующие предложения

1) Наш факультет готовит специалистов по таким специальностям, как
геология, биология, химия, география.
2) Я должен выполнить курсовую работу к концу семестра.
3) Вчера мы переводили статью известного ученого о последних научных
достижениях в области минералогии.
4) Лучшие выпускники имеют возможность продолжить обучение в
аспирантуре.
5) Студенты могут пользоваться современными компьютерами и системой
Интернет.
6) Геология изучает континенты, океан, атмосферу, магнитные и
радиационные поля.
7) Новая библиотека – это уникальный комплекс, оснащенный современным
оборудованием.
8) Мои любимые предметы – топография, кристаллография и геохимия.

1.8 Подберите из правой колонки правильный перевод русских
словосочетаний. Выучите их

1) физическая геология a) exploration geologist
2) инженерная геология b) hard- rock geologist
3) геолог- разведчик c) field geology
4) геология рудных месторождений d) ore geology
5) подземная геология e) engineering geology
6) подводная геология f) applied geology
7) геология поверхности g) marine geology
8) шахтный геолог h) aerial geology
9) морская геология i) space geology
10) космическая геология g) submarine geology
11) региональная геология k) subsurface geology
12) полевая геология l) surface geology
13) геолог-нефтяник m) physical geology
14) прикладная геология n) oil geologist
15) геолог, занимающийся поисками o) mine geologist
твердых полезных ископаемых

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1.9 Прочтите и переведите текст. Озаглавьте его. Составьте диалог на
основе прочитанного текста

Unlike any other science, geology in the 20 th century introduced some basis
changes into our ideas about the structure and evolution of the Earth, the bottom of
the ocean , the global distribution of world resources and had in general a
considerable impact on our present-day world outlook. This was noted in the book “A
New Look at the Earth” by the Japanese geophysicist Seio Veda- a Foreign Member
of the Russian Academy. He pointed out that out of all the modern sciences the most
rapidly developing ones are sciences of the Earth. In recent time and especially in
those branches of science which investigate the solid part of this planet, some truly
phenomenal changes have taken place which seldom happen in any other areas of
knowledge. These changes are very important and are of interest not only to an
expect scholar, but to any educated individual.

1.10 Письменный перевод текста (1200 п.зн. – 45 мин.)

Geology is the study of the Earth, and in particular the history, the structure, the
evolution of life, and the processes that have moulded the Earth and its inhabitants.
There are the academic and applied aspects of the geological science. The academic
aspects include the study of history of life, the Earth and planets, and the processes
that drive historical evolution. The study of historical evolution through “deep time”
is what fundamentally distinguishes geology from most of the other physical
sciences. The study of the processes that drive this evolution can involve the
application of any physical or life sciences to understanding the Earth. This sense,
geology is truly interdisciplinary science.
The applied aspects of the science involve the interaction between humans and the
Earth, the study of mineral resources, identification and mitigation of the Earth
hazards such as earthquakes, landslides and volcanic eruptions, identification and
mitigation of polluted groundwater. Geologists are also concerned with such problem
as urbanization. The development of large cities has resulted in the building of large
structures such as tall building and dows. Geology helps in designing foundation for
these structures.

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1.11 Прочтите и переведите текст 1В

Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology.

The Ural State Academy of Mining and Geology was founded by an edict of the
emperor Nikolay the 2 nd as the Ural Mining Institute in 1914. In 1993 the
Institute got the status of the Academy of Mining and Geology. During the
years of its activity the Academy has trained over 46 000 mining engineers
for mining and geological enterprises, scientific research and designing
institutions. About 4000 students study annually at the full-time department
and 1500 students study by correspondence. The Academy has 9 faculties, 38
departments and 6 subsidiaries in other Ural towns. Training of specialists
is performed in 9 fields, 20 specialties and 48 specializations. The Academy can
boast of its unique geological (the village of Sukhoy Log) and geophysical
(the village of Verkhnya Sisert) stations for students' practice and grounds
for geodetical and mining surveying practical training. The Academy houses the Ural
Mining-Geological Educational Complex, consisting of 22 technical schools and a
college of mining-geological type. Scientific research and training of scientific staff
is carried out in the spheres of geology, geochemistry, and geophysics. New
technologies are being developed in the following modern trends: production
technologies, fuel and power engineering, ecology and rational use of natural
resources. Scientific potential of the academy makes it possible to solve problems of
mining-geological industry beginning with prospecting and exploration of
mineral resources and ending with raw materials preparation for the
metallurgical industry. Situated in the center of the Ural mining region,
which is the largest in the world, the academy has contributed greatly to
the development of Russian mineral resources. The scientists and students of
the Academy took an active part in prospecting of a number of mineral
deposits and in the construction of such mining enterprises as "Uralasbest",
"Chelyabinskugol", Severouralskiy bauxite mine and Kachkanarskiy GOK.
The Academy has 25 licenses permitting to carry out different kinds of activities
including: geological surveying, geodetical topography, mining surveying, land-
surveying, blasting, ecological, designing work; engineering-geological surveying,
engineering-ecological prospecting; educational activities; expertise of different
enterprises. Ural Complex Geological Expedition has been founded in cooperation
with the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Academy houses all –
Russia scientific conference for students, postgraduates, scientific workers and
teachers of mining establishments of higher learning, as well as "The Annual Ural
Mineralogical School".

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1.12 Переведите следующие словосочетания из текста и выучите их

mining surveying –
geodetical practical training-
production technologies –
fuel and power engineering-
ecology and rational use of natural resources –
raw material preparation –
engineering-geological surveying –
engineering-ecological prospecting –
scientific conference-

1.13 Разделите текст на абзацы. Озаглавьте каждую часть. Составьте
план текста. Расскажите об учебной и научной деятельности Академии,
используя следующие речевые образцы

- The subject of the text (abstract) is…
- The text deals with…
- It should be noted that…
- It is pointed out that…
- It is obvious that…

1.14 Прочтите и переведите текст 1C

Обсудите в группе содержание курса “Геология” в университете
StAndrew (Великобритания). Сравните его с программой подготовки
.
специалистов-геологов в нашем университете. Составьте ряд вопросов,
которые вы хотели бы задать студентам-сверстникам из университета St
Andrews.

Geological Course at St. Andrew University

The study of Geology at St Andrew University (Britain) means the study of the
First and Second level modules followed by 12 optional modules. The study of
Geology at Honours level (3rd and 4th year) leads to either BSc Honours in
Geology, or in Environmental Geology, or in Geoscience, depending on the
modules studied.

First level.

First semester: Planet Earth and its Materials. Minerals, igneous,
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are studied through lectures, practical classes
and local field excursions. The economic importance of geological materials,
energy resources and hydrogeology are explored, together with their associated
environmental problems. All these aspects are incorporated in a module on the
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