Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography
Series Editors: William Cartwright, Georg Gartner, Liqiu Meng,
Michael P. Peterson
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7418
.
Leszek Litwin Maciej Rossa
l
Geoinformation Metadata
in INSPIRE and SDI
Understanding. Editing. Publishing
LeszekLitwin MaciejRossa
InstituteofSpatialandCadastral GeneralDirectorateforEnvironmental
Systems Protection
Dworcowa56 Wawelska52/54
44-100Gliwice 00-922Warsaw
Poland Poland
[email protected] [email protected]
ISSN1863-2246 e-ISSN1863-2351
ISBN978-3-642-15861-2 e-ISBN978-3-642-15862-9
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-15862-9
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011932430
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Preface
On May 15, 2007, Directive 2007/2/EC by European Parliament and the Council
enteredintoforceonestablishmentofEuropeanSpatialDataInfrastructure(ESDI).
The assumptionis that ESDI is tobe the sum ofNational Spatial Data Infrastruc-
tures.OneofthefirststagesofbuildingtheESDIistheestablishmentbyMember
Statesofmetadataforspatialdataseries,collectionsandservices,inspecifiedand
legallysanctionedterms.
Metadata, defined as “data on data”, shall serve a number of purposes in the
ESDI,amongstothersbeingthepublicationofinformationonspatialdataresources
made available under SDI by many institutions, including governmental ones.
Additionally, establishment of metadata allows inventorying of spatial data
resources and related services, and makes them more accessible to citizens of
MemberStates(aswellasInternetusers).
Resourcesofspatialdatahaveahugevalue,whichisalsocommercial.Basedon
a EU report during the early twenty-first century spatial data constitutes 60–80%
baseforissuanceofadministrativedecisions.Furthermorespatialdataisrequiredin
public safety, spatial administration, planning, transport, business, as well as
militaryandintelligencesectors.
Although the commercial value of spatial data is estimated in the billions of
Euro,stilltheaccesstospatialdataisinhibitedduetohithertohighlydifficultways
ofmakingsuchdataavailable.Describingspatialdatausingmetadatashouldthen
allow more efficient and cost-effective utilization and management of such
resources.
Creation of metadata also requires familiarization with relevant ISO standards
(series 19100), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards, and World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards. It also, or perhaps most of all, requires
understanding of the role and significance of metadata to all persons utilizing –
consciouslyornot–theresourcesofspatialdata.
v
vi Preface
Ourobjectivewastodiscusscertainimportantmattersconcerningmetadata–we
hope we have achieved this objective. We hope that information included in this
bookshallhelpyouto“understand,editandpublishgeoinformationmetadata”.
Gliwice,Poland LeszekLitwin
Warsaw,Poland MaciejRossa
Acknowledgements
Wewishtoofferourthankstoallthepeoplewhocontributedtothisbook,mostof
all the Authors of publications quoted here and persons with whom we had
opportunitytodiscussthesubjectofmetadata.
SpecialthanksareinordertoMs.UrszulaMiziaandMr.PawełCzepelak.
vii
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Contents
1 Metadata .................................................................... 1
WhatIsMetadata ............................................................ 1
DefinitionofMetadata ...................................................... 3
MetadatainGeoinformation(Geomatics) .................................. 4
TypesofMetadata ........................................................... 6
TheRoleofMetadatainGeoinformation ................................... 7
SpatialDataInfrastructure ................................................ 7
TheBenefitsoftheUseofMetadatainGeoinformation ................... 9
ResponsibilitiesoftheCreationofGeoinformationMetadata ............ 10
MetadataintheEuropeanInfrastructureforSpatialInformation
INSPIRE ................................................................. 10
MetadatainthePolishSpatialDataInfrastructure ........................ 30
IntroductiontoPSDI ..................................................... 30
ExistingNationalLawsRelatingtoMetadata .......................... 30
2 StandardsandInteroperability .......................................... 39
WhyDoWeUseStandards? ............................................... 39
Standards,Norms,Specifications .......................................... 39
StandardandNorm ...................................................... 40
Specification ............................................................. 41
ToWhomforaStandard ................................................... 42
StandardisationOrganisationsintheFieldofGeoinformation
(Geomatics) .............................................................. 43
HowGeoinformationStandardsAreDeveloped ........................... 48
OGCSpecificationsorISO19100 ......................................... 64
ISO19100SeriesofStandards .......................................... 65
OGCSpecifications ...................................................... 65
MetadataStandardsforGeoinformation ................................... 69
ISO19115:2003GeographicInformation:Metadata ................... 69
ix
x Contents
ISO/TS19139:2007GeographicInformation:Metadata:XML
SchemaImplementation ................................................. 71
ISO19119:2005GeographicInformation:Services .................... 71
ISO19135:2005GeographicInformation:ProceduresforItem
Registration .............................................................. 73
3 MetadataProfilesBasedonISO19115 .................................. 75
WhatIsaMetadataProfile ................................................. 75
TheStructureofMetadataProfiles ......................................... 76
TypesofMetadataElementsandEntities ................................. 77
Packages(Sections)ofMetadata ........................................... 78
TypesofMetadataPackages ............................................ 78
MetadataEntitiesintheISO19115Documented
byOtherISOStandards ................................................. 78
DataTypesandTheirDomains ............................................ 83
ExtensionsofMetadataProfiles ......................................... 85
ExamplesofMetadataProfiles ............................................. 87
MandatoryMetadataProfileAccordingtoISO19115Standard ....... 87
BaseProfile(Core)ofISOMetadataforSpatialDatasets .............. 87
INSPIREMetadataProfile ................................................. 88
4 MetadataDescriptionLanguages ........................................ 99
WhatIstheXML ........................................................... 99
XMLSchema ............................................................... 99
XMLSchemaandMetadataDocuments .................................. 100
XMLSchemaandISO19139 ............................................. 106
OtherApplicationsofXML ............................................... 106
ApplicationsoftheXMLtoMetadata .................................... 106
GML .................................................................... 106
5 ApplicationsforCreatingandPublishingGeoinformation
Metadata ................................................................. 113
MetadataEditors .......................................................... 113
RequirementsforMetadataEditor ..................................... 113
ReviewandComparisonofSelectedMetadataEditors ................ 115
RequirementsforMetadataCatalogs ................................... 122
ExamplesofMetadataCatalogs ........................................ 123
6 HowtoProperlyCreateMetadata ..................................... 127
PrinciplesandGoodPracticesforCreatingMetadata .................... 127
RegulatoryCompliance ................................................. 128
WhatResourcesShouldBeDescribedbyMetadata ................... 129
StagesofMetadataCreationPhase ....................................... 130
TypesofMetadataElements .............................................. 131
