Geography and Economics: Std. 9th, English Medium, Maharashtra Board

16 Pages·2016·1.23 MB·English

Written as per the revised syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board
of Secondary and Higher Se condary Education, Pune.

Social Science – Part 2
Geography and
Economics

STD. IX

Fifth Edition: April 2016

Salient Features

• Exhaustive coverage of entire syllabus in Question Answer Format
  • Covers answers to all Textual Questions
• Self Evaluative in nature

• Simple and lucid language
• Neat and authentic Maps

• Quick Review at the end of every chapter
  • Practice Question Paper at the end of every chapter

Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

P.O. No. 18595

10044_10661_JUP
Preface

In the case of good books, the point is not how many of them you can get through, but rather how many can get
through to you.

“Std. IX: Geography and Economics” is a complete and thorough guide extensively drafted to boost the
student’s confidence. The book covers the entire syllabus in question answer format. Each and every topic is
divided into subtopics for better understanding of concepts. The format of this book not only helps the student to
understand the concepts but also helps to write the answers based on the concepts. The book includes neat and
authentic Maps to support the answers where required. Questions on Map reading and Mapping are also provided
to the student for better preparation. A separate section of Quick Review at the end of every chapter has been
provided to enable quick and easy revision. Additionally, we have provided Question Papers at the end of each
chapter [20 Marks for Geography and 10 Marks for Economics] which will facilitate revision and practice for the
student.

The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve nearly
missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.

A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully,
Publisher

No. Topic Name Page No.
GEOGRAPHY
1 Concept of Region 1
2 Natural Resources 11
3 Occupation 33
4 Agriculture 46
5 Industries 58
6 Transportation, Communication and Tourism 68
7 Population 83
8 Regional Development 94
9 Practical 105
ECONOMICS
1 Introduction of Economics 113
2 Basic Concepts of Economics 116
3 Sources of Income 119
4 Family Budget 124

Note: Textual questions are represented by * mark.
Chapter 01: Concept of Region
0 1
Concept of Region

13. Area having a great relief is called _______
Q.1.A. Complete the following statements by
region.
choosing the appropriate alternative
(hilly, forest, plain, plateau)
from those given in the brackets.
(1 mark each) 14. Mountainous region or forest region are the

regions based on the _______ characteristics.
Maharashtra (Location and Extent)
(physical, cultural, economic, social)
1. Maharashtra State came into existence on
_______. Boundaries of Regions
(1st June 1960, 1st May 1960, 1st July 1960, 1 5 . Boundaries are demarcated on map as well as
1st March 1960) on _______.

(ground, regions, walls, lines)
2. State of _______ lies to the northwest of

Maharashtra.
16. The boundaries of geographical regions are in
(Gujarat, Goa, MadhyaPradesh, Rajasthan)
the form of_______ zones.
3. The east-west maximum stretch of (transitional, thin, political, administrative)

Maharashtra is approximately _______ km.
*17. Boundaries of _______ regions are practically
(860, 780, 870, 680)
marked on the ground.
4. The north-south maximum stretch of
(rainfall, population, political, crop)
Maharashtra is approximately _____ km.
(730, 370, 430, 703) *18. Of the geographical regions, only _______ has

its boundaries in the form of a line.
5. Maharashtra State is located along the
(rainfall region, coastal region, river basin,
_______ coast of Peninsular India.
climate region)
(eastern, western, northern, southern)

6. The geographical area of Maharashtra State is Regions based on Physical Setting
_______ lakh sq. km. 19. The region to the east of Western Ghats
(3.40, 3.08,3.80, 3.01). having low relief, without the same direction

of slope is known as _______ region.
7. Maharashtra has _______ districts of varying
(plateau, plain, mountainous, hilly)
areal extent. (36, 25,45, 55)

8. _______ district in Maharashtra is the smallest 20. The area occupied by Tapi basin in North
in terms of areal extent. Maharashtra has a _______ slope.
(Pune, Satara, Raigad, Mumbai City) (eastward, northward, westward,

southward)
9. There are _______ talukas in Maharashtra.
(455, 123, 355, 457) *21. The overall slope of land in the Wardha

Wainganga basin is towards _______
*10. There are approximately _______ thousand
direction.
villages in Maharashtra. (65, 41, 51, 53)
(east,west, north, south)

11. For the administrative purposes, the 36
districts in Maharashtra are placed into 22. The region along with the Tapi basin is a high
_______ divisions.(six, five, three, two) relief region known as _______.

(Satpuda, Vidharbha, Wardha, Wainganga)
Concept of a Region
12. Different parts of a vast area having common 23. Conventionally, blue colour is always used to
characteristics are called_______. represent _______on the map.
(regions, talukas, administrative blocks, zilas) (water, wind, ice, hill)

1
Std. IX : Geography 
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors 5. What are mountainous or hilly regions?
24. In Maharashtra, Cotton area is concentrated in Ans: i. The areas having greater relief are
the _______ rainfall zone. known as mountainous or hilly regions.
(low, very high, high, medium) ii. These are regions based on the physical

characteristics.
*25. Crop region of cotton spreads in _______ part
of Maharashtra. 6. What is a forest region?
(western, north-central, eastern, southern) Ans: i. When there is dense growth of trees in a

region, it is known as forest region.
26. Starting from Dhule district, a continuous belt
ii. It is identified based on the physical
of cotton area extends eastward upto
characteristics of the region.
_______District.
7. Which factors influence the socio-economic
(Nagpur, Wardha, Sindhudurg, Amaravati)
and cultural aspects of a region?

Ans: Some of the factors which influence the socio-
B. Match the words from Column ‘A’ with
economic and cultural aspects of a region are:
Column ‘B’ (1 mark each)

i. The people residing in the area.
1.
ii. Manner in which they have adjusted to

the physical conditions.
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
iii. The way in which natural resources are
i. Units of District a. Westward slope
utilized by them.
ii. Tapi basin b. North Central part
of Maharashtra 8. What are Administrative regions?
iii. Concentration of c. Isohytes Ans: i. When areas are divided into suitable
cotton crop regions for the case of administration, they
iv. Wardha d. Talukas are known as Administrative regions.
Wainganga basin ii. Administrative regions have well
e. North South direction demarcated boundaries.
Ans: (i – d ), (ii – a), (iii – b), (iv – e) iii. For e.g., Maharashtra State is divided into
36 districts for administrative purposes.
Q.2. Answer in Brief (Questions for self study)

Boundaries of Regions
Maharashtra (Location and Extent)
9. Name the essential data required for
1. Name the largest district in Maharashtra in
drawing the boundary of climate on the
terms of areal extent.
map.
Ans: The largest district in Maharashtra in terms of
Ans: i. The essential data used to draw
areal extent is Ahmednagar.
boundary of climate on the map is

temperature and rainfall.
2. Why are the districts in Maharashtra
ii. However, they do not change abruptly
divided into Talukas?
on the line of the boundary, but change
Ans: The districts in Maharashtra are divided into
gradually over a region.
Talukas for better administrative purposes.

Regions based on Physical Setting
3. How is the population in Maharashtra
distributed? 10. State the factors for the identification of the
physiographic regions.
Ans: The population in Maharashtra is distributed
in approximately 41,000 villages and 378 Ans: i. Physiographic regions of an area are
urban centers in Maharashtra. identified on the basis of factors like
height, relief, slope, rock type etc.
Concept of a Region ii. For e.g., the Konkan, along the west
4. What is a region? coast, stands out as a distinct
Ans: i. A small portion of a vast area having physiographic region due to its
common characteristics is called a westward slope,low height and easily
region. identifiable boundries of the costline in
ii. These characteristics can be physical, the west and the Western Ghat
cultural, social, economic etc. escarpment in the east.

2
Chapter 01: Concept of Region
11. How can we identify Western Ghat region? iii. Madhya Pradesh lies in the north and to
Ans: i. The Western Ghat region can be easily the east is the State of Chhattisgarh.
identified due to its great height and iv. Goa, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh are
relief. located to the south of the state.
ii. It is a north-south extending v. The east-west and the north-south
physiographic region. maximum stretches of the state are

approximately 860 km and 730 km
12. Name the three distinct regions of
respectively.
Maharashtra on the basis of direction of the
vi. The state is located along the western
slope.
coast of Peninsular India.
Ans: The three distinct regions of Maharashtra on
vii. Its geographical area is 3.08 lakh sq. km.
the basis of direction of the slope are:
viii. The State is gifted with a coast line of
i. The area occupied by the Tapi basin in
720 km.
north Maharashtra having westward
slope.
2. Administrative divisions of Maharashtra.
ii. The area occupied by the Wardha-
Ans: i. There are 41,000 villages and 378 urban
Wainganga river basin sloping in the
centers that accommodate the entire
north-south direction.
population of Maharashtra.
iii. Rest of the plateau area having eastward
ii. Maharashtra is divided into suitable
slope.
regions for the ease of administration

and they are known as Districts.
13. How are the different hills and ranges
iii. There are 36 Districts of varying areal
separated towards the south of Ajanta
extent in Maharashtra.
range and east of the Ghats?
Ans: The different hills and ranges towards the iv. These Districts are further divided in to
south of Ajanta range and east of the Ghats are smaller units called Talukas.
separated on the basis of major river basins v. There are 355 Talukas within the 36
such as Godavari, Bhima and Krishna. Districts of in Maharashtra.

vi. For further administrative purposes, the
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors
36 districts are placed into six Divisions
14. Which factors are included under the group of Konkan, Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad,
of economic factors? Amaravati and Nagpur.

Ans: Agriculture, Industry,Trade and similar factors
are included under the group of economic Boundaries of Regions
factors. *3. Boundaries of Geographical Regions.

Ans: i. Boundaries of geographical regions
15. What is the essential and basic exercise of
differ considerably from political and
the planning process?
administrative boundaries which are
Ans: i. Identification of regions is an essential
precisely demarcated on map as well as
and basic exercise of the planning
on ground.
process.
ii. For e.g., temperature and rainfall data
ii. Region selection helps planner to plan
are used to draw the geographical
the developmental strategies.
boundaries of climatic regions.
Q.3. Write short notes on (2 marks each) iii. However, the climate does not change

suddenly (abrubtly) on the line of the
Maharashtra (Location and Extent)
boundary. It changes gradually over that
1. Location and extent of Maharashtra.
entire region in transitions.
Ans: i. Maharashtra State extends between 15 iv. Due to such changes in most
35 46 N and 22 02 13 N latitudes geographical factors that take place in a
and between 72 38 45 E and 80 53 gradual manner, their boundaries are
17 E longitudes. also in the form of transitional zones on
ii. State of Gujarat lies to the northwest of ground, even if they are determined on
Maharashtra. the basis of quantitative information.

3
Std. IX : Geography 
v. Hence, for most geographical regions, iii. The districts like Nandurbar, Gadchiroli,
boundaries are drawn only on maps and Beed, Osmanabad and Latur have very
never on ground. low concentration of factories. These
vi. It is only the river basins, where precise districts have less than seven factories
boundaries can be found as they are per lakh population.

defined on the basis of lines of water
Q.4. Give Geographical Reasons for the
divide.
following (2 marks each)

*4. Factors of Region Identification. Concept of a Region
Ans: i. Regions are identified on the basis of 1. The factors that influence the socio-
one or multiple factors. economic and cultural aspects of a region
ii. Regions can be identified on the basis of are many.
physical, economic, social, cultural Ans: i. The regions based on the socio-
factors, considering a single factor or economic and cultural aspects are
their combination. There are many largely influenced by a variety of
factors in each of these groups. factors.
iii. Physiographic regions of an area are ii These factors inculde the people
identified on the basis of factors like residing in the area, the manner in which
height, relief, slope, rock type etc. they have adjusted to the physical
conditions and the way they utilize
iv. For e.g., the Konkan, along the west
available natural resource.
coast stands out as a distinct
physiographic region due to its Thus, many factors influence the socio-
westward slope, low height, coastline in economic and cultured aspects of a region.

the west and Western Ghat escarpment
2. Different characteristics are taken into
in the east.
consideration when an area is referred to as
v. Regions may not always be identified on
a region.
multiple factors. Single factors such as
Ans: When an area is taken into consideration as a
rainfall can also be used to identify a
region, following characteristics are expected
region.
to be present.
vi. Regions can also be identified by
i. At least one or more characteristics have
considering data on economic factors
to be common
like agriculture, industries, trade etc.For
ii. Regional Continuity
e.g. cotton producing region, sugarcane
iii. Common Regional Personality
producing region etc.
iv. Similarity
vii. In addition to the above, administrative

regions are formed for the
Boundaries of Regions
administrative purposes. e.g. Districts,
*3. Boundaries of geographical regions are not
Talukas etc.
marked on the ground.
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors Ans: Refer Q.3, (3).

5. Concentration of factories in Maharashtra.
*4. Boundaries of geographical regions are in
Ans: The concentration of factories in Maharashtra the form of transitional zones.
is as follows: Ans: i. Boundaries of land areas and boundaries
i. There is high concentration of factories of geographical regions differ
in Mumbai (City and Suburban), Thane considerably.
(Thane and Palghar) and Solapur ii. Changes in most of the geographical
districts. These districts have 46-62 factors take place in a gradual manner,
factories per lakh population. in the form of transition.
ii. It is followed by Raigad and Pune iii. As a result, boundaries of geographical
districts which have 40-45 factories per regions are also in the form of
lakh population. transitional zones.

4
Chapter 01: Concept of Region
iv. For e.g., to determine a climatic iii. On the basis of slope, three distinct
region,data like temperature and rainfall regions can be identified. They are:
of that region is used to draw the a. the Tapi basin having a
boundary on the map. Since both these westward slope;
factors change in a transition,its
b. the Wardha-Waingange basin
boundaries are in the form of
having north-south slope;
transitional zones.
c. the rest of the Plateau having an
Regions Based on Physical Setting eastward slope.
*5. The low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is
iv. Physiographic regions of Maharashtra
parallel to the western ghats.
are also identified on the basis of
Ans: i. The region of low rainfall is defined by
single factor like rainfall distribution.
isohyet of 700 mm, which means
v. There are 4 regions identified on the
rainfall is less than 700 mm.
basis of rainfall distribution. They are:
ii. The region of low rainfall in
a. very high rainfall i.e. more than
Maharashtra is in the rainshadow area of
3000 mm, e.g. Western Ghat
the ghat.
region;
iii. It extends in the north-south direction
and hence it is parallel to the western b. high rainfall i.e. between 1000
ghats. mm and 3000 mm, e.g. Konkan,
Thus, the low rainfall zone in Maharashtra is parts of the Ghat and most of the
parallel to the western ghats. Wardha-Wainganga basin;

c. medium rainfall i.e. between 700
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors
mm and 1000 mm and
6. The identification of regions is an essential
and basic exercise of planning process. d. low rainfall i.e. less than 700
Ans: i. The identification of regions helps the mm, e.g. regions that are roughly
planner to plan the developmental parallel to the Ghats and in
activities. north-south direction.
ii. It helps in the smooth functioning of the vi. Salient features of Konkan as a
economic activities. physiographic region are as follows:
iii. Concentration or lack of economic a. Westward slope
activities in a particular area can be
b. Low height
studied.
c. Coast line in the west
iv. It also helps in the research over the area
in detail. d. Western Ghat escarpment in the
Hence the identification of regions is an east.
essential and basic exercise of planning e. North-south extending region.
process.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in detail
(4 marks each)

Regions based on Physical Setting
*1. What are the factors used to identify the
Palghar
physiographic regions of Maharashtra in Thane
the lesson? Explain the salient features of
Mu mbai
R
Konkan as a physiographic region. aigad
Ans: The factors used to identify the physiographic A
regions of Maharashtra in the lesson are: RA R Maharashtra State
i. Based on height, relief, slope, rock type BIA atnagiri Konkan Division
etc. N N
ii. The Konkan, Western Ghat and the
S Sindhudurg
plateau can be identified on the basis of E
A
height and relief.

5
Std. IX : Geography 
Regions on the basis of Economic Factors 3. Name the peak found in the Sahyadri range.
*2. Explain the basis on which the crop region Ans: Kalasubai peak is found in the Sahyadri range.
for cotton has been identified. Using the
map describe the areas in which cotton is a 4. Name the river found in Kolhapur district.
predominant crop. Ans: The river found in Kolhapur district is river
Ans: i. Crop regions are identified on the basis Panchaganga.
of the concentration of a given crop.
ii. Certain areas have favourable conditions B. By referring figure 1.4 on page 5 of your
for the growth of certain crops. textbook, answer the following questions.
iii. The given map is drawn on the basis of area 1. How much rainfall does Mumbai City

under cotton crop from different districts. receive?
iv. In the given map, dot method is used to
Ans: Mumbai City receives an annual rainfall of
represent cotton crop on the basis of
above 3000 mm.
modern rainfall distribution.
v. Each dot represents 1000 hectares of
2. Name the districts in Maharashtra which
area under the crop.
fall under the rain-shadow area.
vi. In regions having very high rainfall,
Ans: Nashik, Dhule, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad,
high rainfall and low rainfall there are
Jalna, Sangli and Solapur fall under the rain-
very few dots.
shadow area in Maharashtra.
vii. Most of the dots are concentrated in the
medium rainfall zone, which is in the
3. What is the average rainfall received by
north central parts of the state, starting
Amravati?
from Dhule district upto Wardha district.
Ans: The average annual rainfall received by
viii. The medium rainfall zone continue
Amravati is around 700-1000 mm.
towards south to cover most of the

eastern districts of Aurangabad division
4. Name any two districts in Maharashtra
upto Nanded district.
which receive an annual rainfall of about

1000-3000 mm.

Nandurbar Ans: Nagpur and Wardha receive an annual rainfall

Dhule Jalgaon Amravati Nagpur of about 1000-3000 mm.
Akola Wardha
Buldhana
Nashik Aurangabad Washim Chandrapur *C. By referring map 1.2 on page 3 of your
Jalna Hingoli Yavatmal textbook, make a list of districts falling in
A Ahmadnagar
r Beed Parbhani Nanded each administrative division of
a Maharashtra state.
b
i Latur Ans:

an Satara Solapur Osmanabad N Maharashtra State Division Districts
S Distribution of
e Cotton Konkan Palghar, Thane, Mumbai Suburban,
a Mumbai City, Raigad, Ratnagiri,
1 Dot = 1,000 Hectare
Sindhudurg.

Pune Pune, Satara, Solapur, Sangli,
Q.6. Map Reading (1 mark each)
Kolhapur.
A. By referring map 1.3 on page 4 of your
Nasik Nasik, Ahmednagar, Dhule,
t extbook, answer the following questions. Nandurbar, Jalgaon.
1. By which method is the given map drawn?
Aurangabad Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Parabhani,
Ans: The given map is drawn by using a hill shade
Hingoli, Nanded, Latur, Osmanabad.
method.
Amravati Amravati, Akola, Washim, Buldhana,
2. Which moutain range lies towards the
Yavatmal.
north of Maharashtra?
Nagpur Nagpur, Bhandara, Chandrapur,
Ans: The Satpuda range lies towards the north of
Wardha, Gondiya, Gadchiroli.
Maharashtra.

6
Chapter 01: Concept of Region

Q.7. Show the following details on an outline map of Maharashtra (1 mark each)

i. Largest district in Maharashtra
ii. Capital of Maharashtra
iii. Sahyadri Mountain
iv. Satpura Mountain
v. Konkan Division
vi. Nagpur Division
Ans: The details are shown in the map given below:

(4)

(6)

(1)
(2)

(3)
A
R

A
(5)
B
I Maharashtra State

A
Index

N
(1) Largest district in Maharashtra

N -Ahmednagar
S
E (2) Capital of Maharashtra-Mumbai

A
(3) Sahyadri Mountain

(4) Satpura Mountain

(5) Konkan Division

(6) Nagpur Division

7