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analyzing, and elaborating geospatial information in both real-world
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GIS. It addresses the following areas: Big data, Cloud computing, NoSQL
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technologies.
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Geographical Information
Systems
Trends and Technologies
Geographical Information
Systems
Trends and Technologies
Editor
Elaheh Pourabbas
National Research Council
Institute of Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”
Rome, Italy
p,
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
GL--Prelims with new title page.indd ii 4/25/2012 9:52:40 AM
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Preface
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) since its inception in the late 1960s
have seen an increasing rate of theoretical, technological and organizational
development. Developments in each decade of the last 50 years highlight
particular innovations in this fi eld. The mid 1960s witnessed the initial
development of GIS in combining spatially referenced data, spatial data
models and data visualization. The early 1970s witnessed the ability of
computer mapping in automatic map drafting and using data format. In the
1980s, computer mapping capabilities have been merged with traditional
database management systems capabilities to generate spatial database
management systems. Accordingly, the ability to select, sort, extract,
classify and display geographic data on the basis of complex topological
and statistical criteria was available to users. The 1990s saw map analysis
and modeling advances in GIS, and these systems became real management
information tools as computing power increased. During this decade,
the Open GIS Consortium, aimed at developing publicly available geo-
processing specifi cations, was founded. Since 2000, with the advent of Web
2.0, mobile, and wireless technologies, GIS have been moving towards an era
in which the power of such systems is continuously increasing in multiple
facets consisting of computing, visualizing, mining, reasoning data. The
latest changes in technologies and trends have brought new challenges
and opportunities in GIS domain. Specifi cally, mobile and internet devices,
Cloud computing, NoSQL databases, Semantic Web, Web services offer
new ways of accessing, analyzing, and elaborating geospatial information
in both real-world and virtual spaces.
This book presents the latest developments, trends and technologies in
GIS. It addresses the following areas: Big data, Cloud computing, NoSQL
Geographic Databases, Web services, Geoprocessing-Scientifi c workfl ow,
Mobile GIS, Spatial Data Warehousing-OLAP, and Semantic similarity.
The general aim of this book is to offer a comprehensive overview of the
methodological aspects of such technologies and their applications in GIS,
and also to outline the major challenges and future perspectives.
vi Geographical Information Systems: Trends and Technologies
The book comprises ten chapters. Chapters 1 to 4 focus on the effi cient
storage, indexing and querying of huge amount of distributed geographic
data. In particular, Chapter 1 provides an overview of the various
technologies necessary to build a functional array analytics system for
geospatial data. Chapter 2 focuses on spatial similarity join techniques,
and describes the design and implementation of MapReduce-based Similarity
Join algorithms for large geographical data. Chapter 3 describes spatial
indexing techniques in the cloud environments and presents an analysis
of data modelling and the basic operations of cloud data managements
such as HBase and Cassandra. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the
main NoSQL systems that cope with geographical data. Chapters 5 to 7
address effi cient geographic data exchanging and geographic data sharing
over a network through Web services as well as effi cient geographic data
processing supported by scientifi c workfl ow to facilitate a vast range of
scientifi c activities such as simulation, data modeling and visualization.
Chapter 5, specifi cally, focuses on combining of traditional web services
with geographical web services. Chapter 6 discusses frameworks to
enhance the semantics in GIS Web Services, such as the Web services WMS
(Web Map Service) and WFS (Web Feature Service). Chapter 7 discusses
Geo-enabled Model Web from the perspective of geoprocessing web services
and geoscientifi c workfl ows, and explores opportunities and implications
by jointly applying these technologies to various scenarios. Chapter 8
presents an overview of the mobile-oriented geospatial applications and
explores the problems of combining GIS and Semantic Web techniques
within a smartphone working off-line. Chapter 9 explores the existing
research related to Spatial DWs, spatial ETL, and SOLAP, and investigates
various stages of the development process that use available free software.
Finally, Chapter 10 presents an overview of methods for measuring semantic
similarity of geographic data based on weighted ontology.
The primary target audience for the book includes researchers,
application specialists and developers, practitioners and students who
work or have an interest in the area of integrating GIS with the latest
technologies.
Acknowledgments
The editor wishes to acknowledge the contributions of authors from various
institutions, who wrote many of the chapters in this book. I am grateful
to all authors for their conscientious cooperation. The editor would like to
thank a number of colleagues who have critically read various parts of the
manuscript and offered many valuable comments. In particular, special
thanks go to Kenneth M. Anderson, Yvan Bédard, Jonathan D. Blower,
Alain Bouju, Carlos Granell, Leticia Gomez, Shuichi Kurabayashi , Chen
Li, Wei Luo, Sattam Mubark Alsubaiee, Adam Iwariak, Elias Ioup, Gabriele
Pozzani, Ahmet Sayar, Stefano de Sabbata, Rafael Jesús Segura Sánchez,
Kurt Stockinger, Aida Valls, Guanfeng Wang, Ling-Yi Wei, Lena Wiese,
Huayi Wu, Kesheng Wu, Peng Yue, Peisheng Zhao. The editor also wishes to
acknowledge the support of the Institute of Systems Analysis and Computer
Science (IASI) “Antonio Ruberti”—National Research Council of Italy.
Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgments vii
1. Preparing Array Analytics for the Data Tsunami 1
Peter Baumann, Jinsongdi Yu, Dimitar Misev, Kinga Lipskoch,
Alan Beccati, Piero Campalani and Michael Owonibi
2. Similarity Join for Big Geographic Data 20
Yasin N. Silva, Jason M. Reed, Lisa M. Tsosie and Timothy A. Matti
3. Spatial Index Schemes for Cloud Environments 50
Wen-Chih Peng, Ling-Yin Wei, Ya-Ting Hsu, Yi-Chin Pan and
Wang-Chien Lee
4. NoSQL Geographic Databases: An Overview 73
Cláudio de Souza Baptista, Carlos Eduardo Santos Pires,
Daniel Farias Batista Leite, Maxwell Guimarães de Oliveira and
Odilon Francisco de Lima Junior
5. Web Services Composition and Geographic Information 104
Pasquale Di Giovanni, Michela Bertolotto, Giuliana Vitiello and
Monica Sebillo
6. Database Server Models for WMS and WFS Geographic Web 142
Services
Nissrine Souissi and Michel Mainguenaud
7. Robust Workfl ow Systems + Flexible Geoprocessing 172
Services = Geo-enabled Model Web?
Carlos Granell
8. Architecture for Including Personalization in a Mobile GIS 205
via Semantic Web Techniques
Laia Descamps-Vila, Jordi Conesa, Antoni Pérez-Navarro and
Joan Casas
