Table Of ContentSPRINGER BRIEFS IN ENERGY
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF ENERGY SYSTEMS
Norihiro Watanabe
Guido Blöcher Mauro Cacace
·
Sebastian Held Thomas Kohl
·
Geoenergy
Modeling III
Enhanced
Geothermal Systems
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Computational Modeling of Energy Systems
SeriesEditors
ThomasNagel
HaibingShao
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8903
Norihiro Watanabe • Guido Blöcher (cid:129) Mauro Cacace
Sebastian Held (cid:129) Thomas Kohl
Geoenergy Modeling III
Enhanced Geothermal Systems
123
NorihiroWatanabe GuidoBlöcher
HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmental HelmholtzCentrePotsdam-GFZ
Research-UFZ GermanResearchCentreforGeosciences
Leipzig,Germany Potsdam,Germany
MauroCacace SebastianHeld
HelmholtzCentrePotsdam-GFZ InstituteofAppliedGeosciences
GermanResearchCentreforGeosciences KarlsruheInstituteofTechnology
Potsdam,Germany Karlsruhe,Germany
ThomasKohl
InstituteofAppliedGeosciences
KarlsruheInstituteofTechnology
Karlsruhe,Germany
ISSN2191-5520 ISSN2191-5539 (electronic)
SpringerBriefsinEnergy
ISBN978-3-319-46579-1 ISBN978-3-319-46581-4 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-46581-4
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016935862
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Preface
This tutorial presents the introduction of the open-source software OpenGeoSys
(OGS) for enhanced geothermal reservoir modeling. The material is mainly based
on several national training courses at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZinLeipzigandtheGFZGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences
inPotsdam,Germany,butalsointernationaltrainingcoursesonthesubjectheldin
Guangzhou,China,in2013.TheSoultz-sous-Forêtscasestudywaskindlyprovided
by Sebastian Held and Thomas Kohl at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), Germany. This tutorial is also the result of a close cooperation within the
OGScommunity(www.opengeosys.org).Thesevoluntarycontributionsarehighly
appreciated.
Thebookcontainsgeneralinformationregardingenhancedgeothermalreservoir
modeling and step-by-step model setup with OGS and the open-source mesh
generationsoftwareMeshItdevelopedbyGuidoBlöcherandMauroCacaceatGFZ.
Twobenchmarkexamplesandtwocasestudiesarepresentedindetail.
Thisbookisintendedprimarilyforgraduatestudentsandappliedscientists,who
deal with geothermal system analysis. It is also a valuable source of information
for professional geoscientists wishing to advance their knowledge in numerical
modelingofgeothermalprocessesincludingthermalconvectionprocesses.Assuch,
thisbookwillbeavaluablehelpintrainingofgeothermalmodeling.
Therearevariouscommercialsoftwaretoolsavailabletosolvecomplexscientific
questions in geothermics. This book will introduce the user to an open-source
numerical software code for geothermal modeling which can even be adapted and
extendedbasedontheneedsoftheresearcher.
Thistutorialisthethirdvolumeinaseriesthatwillrepresentfurtherapplications
of computational modeling in energy sciences. Within this series, the planned
tutorialsrelatedtothespecificsimulationplatformOGSareasfollows:
(cid:129) Geoenergy Modeling I. Geothermal Processes in Fractured Porous Media,
Böttcher et al. (2015), DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31335-1, http://www.springer.
com/de/book/978331931333729
v
vi Preface
(cid:129) Geoenergy Modeling II. Shallow Geothermal Systems, Shao et al. (2016,
inpress)
(cid:129) GeoenergyModelingIII.EnhancedGeothermalSystems,Watanabeetal.(2016),
thisvolume
(cid:129) ComputationalGeotechnics:StorageofEnergyCarriers,Nageletal.(2017*)
(cid:129) ModelsofThermochemicalHeatStorage,Lehmannetal.(2017*)
These contributions are related to a similar publication series in the field of
environmentalsciences,namely:
(cid:129) Computational Hydrology I: Groundwater flow modeling, Sachse et al.
(2015), DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-13335-5, http://www.springer.com/de/book/
9783319133348
(cid:129) ComputationalHydrologyII,Sachseetal.(2016,inpress)
(cid:129) OGSDataExplorer,Rinketal.(2017*)
(*publicationtimeisapproximated)
Leipzig,Germany NorihiroWatanabe
Potsdam,Germany GuidoBlöcher
Potsdam,Germany MauroCacace
Karlsruhe,Germany SebastianHeld
Karlsruhe,Germany ThomasKohl
July2016
Acknowledgments
We deeply acknowledge the OpenGeoSys community for their continuous support
to the OpenGeoSys development activities. We would like to express our sincere
thankstoHIGRADEforfundingtheOpenGeoSystrainingcourseattheHelmholtz
CentreforEnvironmentalResearch.WealsowouldliketothankLeslieJakobsfor
proofreading.
WearegratefultoDr.HangSifromtheWIASInstituteinBerlinforextending
TetGenregardingourdemands.Withoutthecollaboration,thesuperimposingof1D
wellpathswouldnotbeachievedbynow.
We would like to thank the owner of Soultz, GEIE Exploitation Miniére de la
Chaleur, for providing Soultz reservoir data, especially hydraulic data and data of
wellcompletionofGPK1-GPK4.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................. 1
1.1 GeothermalEnergy ................................................... 1
1.2 EnhancedGeothermalSystems....................................... 3
1.3 ReservoirModeling................................................... 5
2 Theory......................................................................... 9
2.1 ConceptualModel..................................................... 9
2.2 MathematicalModel.................................................. 11
2.3 NumericalSolution ................................................... 14
3 Open-SourceSoftware....................................................... 17
3.1 OpenGeoSys(OGS) .................................................. 17
3.2 MeshIt ................................................................. 19
4 Benchmarks .................................................................. 23
4.1 2DHotDryRockBenchmark........................................ 23
4.2 2DHotSedimentaryAquiferBenchmark ........................... 36
5 CaseStudy:GroßSchönebeck ............................................. 47
5.1 SiteDescription ....................................................... 47
5.2 ModelSetup........................................................... 51
5.3 MeshGeneration...................................................... 52
5.4 SimulationofInitialReservoirConditions .......................... 60
5.5 SimulationofHeatExtractionProcess............................... 68
6 CaseStudy:Soultz-sous-Forêts............................................. 75
6.1 SiteDescription ....................................................... 75
6.2 ModelSetup........................................................... 78
6.3 SimulationofInitialReservoirConditions .......................... 82
6.4 SimulationofHeatExtractionProcess............................... 90
ix
x Contents
A Keywords ..................................................................... 95
A.1 GLI:Geometry........................................................ 95
A.2 MSH:FiniteElementMesh .......................................... 95
A.3 PCS:ProcessDefinition .............................................. 96
A.4 NUM:NumericalProperties.......................................... 96
A.5 TIM:TimeDiscretization............................................. 96
A.6 IC:InitialConditions ................................................. 97
A.7 BC:BoundaryConditions ............................................ 97
A.8 ST:Source/SinkTerms ............................................... 97
A.9 MFP:FluidProperties ................................................ 98
A.10 MSP:SolidProperties ................................................ 98
A.11 MMP:PorousMediumProperties ................................... 98
A.12 OUT:OutputParameters ............................................. 99
References......................................................................... 101
About the Authors
Dr.-Ing. Norihiro Watanabe is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of
EnvironmentalInformaticsattheHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch—
UFZinLeipzig,Germany.Hestudiedcivilengineeringandenvironmentalscience
at Okayama University in Japan for his bachelor and master degrees and received
his doctoral degree in engineering from Dresden University of Technology in
Germany. His research interest is in developing numerical models for coupled
thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical processes in fractured rocks for various
geotechnicalapplicationssuchasdeepgeothermalsystemsandundergroundwaste
disposals.
Dr. Guido Blöcher is currently working as a scientist at the Helmholtz Centre
Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany.
Afterhisgraduationinhydrogeologyandengineering,hewasemployedasaproject
leaderinhydrogeologybyGeotecConsultGbR,Bochum,until2004.InNovember
2004, he started his Ph.D. at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.
He received his Ph.D. for improved understanding of hydraulic and mechanical
interactionsinporousmedia,identificationofmechanicalandhydraulicproperties
depending on pore space geometry, and reconstruction of pore space geometry
within the context of geothermal energy. Since 2008, he is employed as a postdoc
at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam within the content of
geothermal energy and aquifer thermal energy storage. During his Ph.D. and as
a postdoc, Dr. Blöcher had lectured at the Faculty VI Planning, Construction and
EnvironmentattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,Germany.
Dr.MauroCacaceisaseniorassociatescientistattheHelmholtzCentrePotsdam
GFZGermanResearchCentreforGeosciencesinPotsdam,Germany.Aftergradu-
atinginphysicsattheUniversityofMilan,Italy,heobtainedhisdoctoraldegreein
earthsciencesattheFreeUniversityofBerlinbydevelopingnumericalmethodsto
simulate viscous-plastic lithospheric deformation mechanisms at plate boundaries
and in the interior of stable continents. His research focuses on understanding
the physical processes responsible for the occurrence of distinct rock material
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