GENETICAL STUDIES ON NO3 USE EFFICIENCY UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC ...

233 Pages·2017·14.87 MB·English

-
GENETICAL STUDIES ON NO USE EFFICIENCY UNDER
3
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Ph.D. Thesis

By

Ambhure Ram Ganpatrao

DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
RAIPUR (CHHATTISGARH)

2017
-
GENETICAL STUDIES ON NO USE EFFICIENCY UNDER
3
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Thesis
Submitted to the
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
By
Ambhure Ram Ganpatrao

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

Doctor of Philosophy
In
Agriculture
(Genetics and Plant Breeding)

Roll No. 20141520530 ID No. 130114027

JULY, 2017

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I praise God SHIVA and GANESHA, the almighty,
merciful and passionate, for providing me this opportunity and
granting me the capability to proceed successfully.
At the very outset, I express my deepest sense of gratitude to Dr.
A. K. Sarawgi, Professor and Head, Department of Genetics and Plant
Breeding, College of Agriculture, IGKV., Raipur, the erudite chairman
of my advisory committee for suggesting, the research problem and for
his constant, immaculate, indefatigable guidance, affectionate
treatment, constructive criticism, painstaking efforts taken for
scrutinizing the manuscript and encouragement during the final
shaping of this thesis. Words would be a poor vehicle to communicate
him my deepest sense of gratitude.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and great
indebtedness to my advisory committee, Dr. S. B. Verulkar, Professor
and Head, Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology.
Dr. Ritu R. Saxena, Asso. Professor, Department of Genetics and Plant
Breeding and Dr. Ravi R. Raxena, Professor, Department of
Agriculture Statistics and Social Science, whose valuable worthy
suggestions and timely guidance helped me to put the dissertation in
present form.
I would like to place my sincere thanks to my beloved teachers
Dr. Deepak Sharma, Dr. Sandeep Bhandarkar, Dr. Sunil Nair, Dr.
Bhawana Sharma, Dr. Prabharani Choudary and Smt. Mangala
Parikh, Department of genetics and Plant Breeding, for their kind help
during the course and their guidance throughout my academic and
research investigation. I also express my sincere thanks to Dr. Sanjeeva
Rao, Scientist, IIRR (former DRR), Hyderabad for his valuable
corporation during research work.
I wish to record my sincere thanks to Dr. S. K. Patil, Hon’ble Vice
Chancellor, Dr. S. S. Rao, Director of Research Services, Dr. S. S. Shaw,
Director of Instructions, IGKV, Dr. O. P. Kashyap, Dean, Dr. (Major) G.
K. Shrivastva, Dean of Student welfare, College of Agriculture, IGKV,
and Mr. S. R. Verma, Registar, IGKV, Raipur for providing me the
necessary facilities for research work.
(iii)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF NOTATIONS xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
ABSTRACT xiv

I INTRODUCTION 1

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5
2.1 Water Deficit and their impact on grain yield and 5
nitrogen Use Efficiency
2.2 Genetic Variability of grain yield and improving NUE 8
2.3 Association studies in relation to grain yield and 15
nitrogen use efficiency
2.4 Heritability 20
2.5 Root characteristics 23
2.6 Assessment of stability for grain yield 25
2.7 Quality Parameters 26
2.8 Molecular markers and diversity analysis 33
2.9 Identification of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and 35
its components

III MATERIALS AND METHODS 39
3.1 Experimental site 39
3.2 Physio-chemical characteristics of soil of the 39
experimental field
3.3 Climatic and weather conditions 39
3.4 Materials 41
3.5 Experimental details 42
3.6 Sowing and Cultural practices 43
3.7 Observations recorded under field conditions 45
3.8 Nitrogen estimation 50
3.9 Assessing effect of NH +-N and NO --N treatment on 53
4 3
root growth under soil-filled glass rhizotrons
3.10 Molecular studies 57
3.11 Preparation of Buffers and chemicals 60
3.12 Statistical analysis 63
(V)
3.12.1 Analysis of variance 63
3.12.2 Parameters of variation 64
3.12.3 Estimation of Variability 66
3.12.4 Heritability (broad sense) 66
3.12.5 Estimation of Genetic Advance as 67
percentage of mean
3.12.6 Character association 67
3.12.7 Cluster analysis 68
3.12.8 Stability analysis 69
3.13 QTL analysis 69

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 70
4.1 Analysis of Variance for augmented design 71
4.2 Analysis of variance for factorial design 82
4.3 Variability studies 95
4.4 Association study 101
4.5 Root traits study under different nitrogen regimes 112
4.6 Stability analysis 119
4.7 Quality study 123
4.8 Molecular diversity analysis 140
4.9 Single marker analysis 144

V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 150

REFERENCES 156

APPENDICES 183
Appendix A 183
Appendix B 184
Appendix C 185
Appendix D 187
Appendix E 189
Appendix F 192
Appendix G 195
Appendix H 198
Appendix I 200
Appendix J 207
Appendix K 209
Appendix L 211

RESUME 212

(Vi)
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
3.1 Physio-chemical properties of the soil from the experimental field 40
3.2 List of genotypes used under study 41
3.3 Characteristic features of parent of RILs 42
3.4 Treatments for studying NH + and NO - use efficiency wet season 43
4 3
2016
3.5 General information about sowing 43
3.6 Observations recorded after Root scanning using WinRhizo 57
software
3.7 PCR mix for one reaction (Volume 10 μl) 59
3.8 Temperature profile used for PCR amplification using microsatellite 59
markers
3.9 Scoring SSR banding pattern in RILs population 60
3.10 Skeleton of ANOVA table for augmented design 64
3.11 Skeleton of ANOVA table for factorial design 65
4.1 ANOVA for yield and yield contributing traits under N0, NO - and NH + 73
3 4
form of nitrogen and variable environments during wet season-2015
4.2 Mean phenotypic performance, range and their respective germplasm 75
accession name for yield and yield contributing traits under different N
regimes and environments during wet season-2015
4.3 Mean phenotypic performance, range with respective line Number, 79
standard deviation, standard error of RILs population for yield and yield
contributing traits under different N regimes for aerobic condition during
wet season-2015
4.4 List of selected genotypes based on grain yield under different 81
nitrogen regimes for aerobic conditions along with their ranking
during wet season 2015
4.5 Top ten lines among 32 selected RILs based on grain yield under 82
different nitrogen regimes for aerobic conditions during wet season
2015
4.6 Analysis of variance for comparison of 38 selected germplasm 83
accessions under N0, NO - and NH + forms of nitrogen and variable
3 4
environments for yield and yield related traits during wet season,
2016
(vii)
4.7 Analysis of variance for comparison of 38 selected germplasm 84
accessions under N0, NO - and NH + forms of nitrogen and variable
3 4
environments for NUE and its related traits during wet season, 2016
4.8 Mean phenotypic performance, genotypic and phenotypic coeffient 93
of variation, broad sense heritability and genetic advance for yield
and yield related traits of germplasm accessions under differential N
regimes and environments during wet season, 2016
4.9 Mean phenotypic performance, genotypic and phenotypic coeffient 94
of variation, heritability and genetic advance for NUE and its related
traits of germplasm accessions under differential N regimes and
environments during wet season, 2016
4.10.1 Genotypic correlation between grain yield and NUE traits for N0 under 104
aerobic and anaerobic condition
4.10.2 Genotypic correlation between grain yield and NUE traits for NO - 105
3
under aerobic and anaerobic condition
4.10.3 Genotypic correlation between grain yield and NUE traits for NH + 106
4
under aerobic and anaerobic condition
4.11.1 Direct and Indirect effect of yield contributing and NUE traits upon 109
grain yield for N0 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
4.11.2 Direct and indirect effect of yield contributing and NUE traits upon 110
grain yield for NO - under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
3
4.11.3 Direct and indirect effect of yield contributing and NUE traits upon 111
grain yield for NH + under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
4
4.12 Genotypic differences for root and shoot traits among selected rice 114
genotypes grown under mini-rhizotron (12 genotypes)
4.13 Correlation, direct and indirect effect of root traits over grain yield 118
under three N regimes
4.14 Pooled analysis of variance and stability parameters for grain yield 120
for different N regimes and variable environments during wet
season 2016
4.15 Estimate of different stability parameters for grain yield foe aerobic 122
and anaerobic condition during wet season 2016
4.16 Correlation of 12 quality traits of 38 selected rice accession under 130
aerobic and anaerobic condition
4.17.1 Clustering pattern of 38 rice genotypes based on D2 analysis for 132
aerobic condition
4.17.2 Clustering pattern of 38 rice genotypes based on D2 analysis for 132
anaerobic condition
(viii)