Genetic Resources of Mediterranean Pasture and Forage Legumes

246 Pages·1999·6.003 MB·English

by  P. S. Cocks, Sarita Jane Bennett (auth.), Sarita Jane Bennett, P. S. Cocks (eds.)

GENETIC RESOURCES OF MEDITERRANEAN PASTURE AND
FORAGE LEGUMES
Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture
VOLUME 33
Scientific Editor
RJ. Summerfield, The University of Reading. Department of Agriculture. P.O. Box 236. Reading
RG62AT. Berkshire. UK
Scientific Advisory Board
D.F. Bezdicek, Washington State University, Pullman. USA
J. Denecke, University of York. York. UK
G.O. Edmeades, CIMMYT. Mexico
J. Hamblin, The University ofW estern Australia. Nedlands. WA, Australia
H.-J. Jacobsen, Universitat Hannover. Hannover. Germany
Aims and Scope
The book series is intended for readers ranging from advanced students to senior research scientists
and corporate directors interested in acquiring in-depth, state-of-the-art knowledge about research
findings and techniques related to all aspects of agricultural biotechnology. Although the previous
volumes in the series dealt with plant science and biotechnology, the aim is now to also include
volumes dealing with animals science, food science and microbiology. While the subject matter will
relate more particularly to agricultural applications, timely topics in basic science and biotechnology
will also be explored. Some volumes will report progress in rapidly advancing disciplines through
proceedings of symposia and workshops while others will detail fundamental information of an
enduring nature that will be referenced repeatedly.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end oft his volume.
Genetic Resources of
Mediterranean Pasture and
Forage Legurnes
Edited by
SARITA JANE BENNETT
Co-operative Research Centre for Legumes in
Mediterranean Agriculture (CLlMA),
University ofWestern Australia, Nedlands,
Australia
and
P. S. COCKS
Faculty ofA griculture,
University ofWestern Australia, Nedlands,
Australia
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International Workshop on the Genetle Resourees of Pasture and Forage
Legumes In Medlterranean Environments (1996 : York, W.A. >
Genetle resourees of Medlterranean pasture and forage legumes :
proeeedingsof an International Workshop on the Genetle Resourees of
Plant and Forage Legumes In Medlterranean Environments, held at
York, Western Australla, 14th to 18th Oetober 1996 I edlted by
Sarlta ~ane Bennett and P.S. Coeks.
p. em. -- (Current plant selenee and bloteehnology In
agrleulture : v. 33>
Ineludes Index.
ISBN 978-94-010-6007-3 ISBN 978-94-011-4776-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4776-7
1. Legumes as feed--Germplasm resourees--Medlterranean Reglon
-Congresses. 2. Forage plants--Germplasm resources--Medlterranean
Reglon--Congresses. 3. Medlterranean ellmate--Congressas.
I. Bannett, Sarlta ~ane. 11. Coeks, P. S. (Phl11p Stanlay>, 1939-
111. Tltla. IV. Serles: Current plant selenee and bloteehnology
In agrleulture : 33.
SB203.3.M43I58 1996
633.3·09182·2--de21 98-49718
ISBN 978-94-010-6007-3
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
Foreword
The Co-operative Research Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA) was
established in July 1992 by the Australian Government. It brings together Agriculture
Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, CSIRO and Murdoch University,
with each group providing scientists and resources to operate the centre.
CLIMA aims to increase the profitability of Australian mediterranean agriculture by at
least five times its research expenditure through basic and strategic research, education and
extension programmes aimed at sustainable farming systems based on crop and pasture
legumes. The main objectives of CLIMA are;
eTo develop more productive pasture and grain legumes
eTo enhance the benefits of legumes in increasing soil fertility while minimising soil
degradation
eTo achieve better adoption of appropriate new technology resulting from research, and
eTo provide training for students, staff and industry representatives in legume science.
An international workshop was organised by CLIMA on the genetic resources of pasture
and forage legumes from mediterranean areas and was held at York, Western Australia. The
papers from that workshop are presented in this volume.
Much of the genetic material, where the sources of the genetic resources can be identified,
that CLIMA is testing has been derived from overseas sources. CLIMA's policy is to utilise
the material for the mutual benefit of both the originators and the Australian developers. In
the many situations where ownership can not be established or when the material is held in
trust by the CGIAR centres, then CLIMA will provide the material in the public domain for
Australian farmers and will provide the material to any other organisation upon request.
3
Acknowledgements
Thanks are given to the following
Funding sources
Grains
Research &
Development
Corporation
Contributors
Nancy Longnecker for much of the initial organisation.
Sue Dodimead for keeping the accounts and booking the airfares and accommodation of
many of the international delegates.
Nigel Maxted and Dirk Enneking for organising and running the one-day Vicieae workshop.
Mike Ewing for organising and co-ordinating the field day to Medina Research Station,
AgWA.
John Hamblin, CLIMA Director, for assisting with the financing of the workshop
4
Table of Contents
I. Introduction: Role of pasture and forage legumes in mediterranean farming systems
P.S. Cocks and Sarita Jane Bennett 9
2. Reproductive strategies and genetic structure of wild and naturalised legume populations
P.S. Cocks 20
3. Reasons for collecting wild plants
Robert Reid and Sarita Jane Bennett 32
4. Using collections to describe ecological relationships
Sarita Jane Bennett 41
S. Ecogeography and genetic conservation
Nigel Maxted 53
6. Genetic erosion of pasture and forage legumes in the Mediterranean basin
Larry D. Robertson and Mustapha Bounejmate 67
7. Sampling wild legume populations
D.R. Marshall and A.H.D. Brown 78
8. The need to collect new pasture and forage species
C.M. Francis 90
9. The host-rhizobia relationship
J.G. Howieson 96
10. The agronomic purpose of evaluation: Relating nurseries to field situations
Pier Paolo Roggero and Claudio Porqueddu 107
I I. Evaluation of the feeding value of pasture legumes
S.K. Baker and R.A. Dynes 120
12. The influence of storage conditions on seed viability
E.H. Roberts 132
13. The characterisation and preliminary evaluation of Medicago and Trifolium gerrnplasm
G.c. Auricht. J.M. Prosperi. R. Snowball and S.J. Hughes 141
14. Plant genetic resources programme in Turkey with special reference to forage legumes
Caier Olcayto Sabanci 150
15. Forage and pasture legume genetic resources at ICARDA
M. Bounejmate. G. Gintzburger. S. Christiansen. L.D. Robertson. A. Abd El
Moneim and J. Konopka 163
16. From free access to fair trade: Political dimensions of collecting in situ plant genetic
resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA)
Heather Paull 171
17. A generic conspectus of the forage legumes of the Mediterranean basin
Katherine Woodgate. Nigel Maxted and Sarita Jane Bennett 182
18. Conservation and utilisation of agricultural diversity in Greece. Current status and
perspectives
S. Samaras. N. Stavropoulos. A. Mattheou 227
19. Conserving plant genetic resources in Cyprus
A. Della 231
20. Observations on the distribution and ecology of annual Medicago species in northern
Tunisia
Aziza Zoghlami and H. Hassen 235
Index 239
5
List of Participants
Ailian, Ms. Yang School of Agriculture. University of Western Sydney.
Hawkesbury. Richmond 2753. AUSTRALIA
Anwar, Dr Rashid Plant Genetic Resources Institute. National Agricultural
Centre. Park Rd. Islamabad. PAKISTAN
Auricht, Mr Geoff South Australia Research and Development Institute
(SARDI). PRC. GPO Box 397. Adelaide. SA 5001.
AUSTRALIA
Baker, Dr Sue CSIRO. Private Bag. P.O. Wembley. WA 6014.
AUSTRALIA
Bennett, Dr Sarita Jane Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture
(CLlMA). University of Western Australia. Nedlands. WA
6907. AUSTALIA
Berger, Mr Jens Plant Sciences. University of Western Australia.
Nedlands WA 6907. AUSTRALIA
Bounejmate, Dr Moustapha International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry
Areas (ICARDA). P.O. Box 5466. Aleppo. SYRIA.
Campbell. Ms. Margaret Plant Sciences. University of Western Australia.
Nedlands WA 6907. AUSTRALIA
Carr, Dr. Steve Agriculture W A. Baron-Hay Court. South Perth. W A
6151. AUSTRALIA
Castleman. Mr Geoff H. Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture. Mallee
Research Station. Walpeup. VIC 3507. AUSTRALIA
Clements, Dr. Jon CLIMA. University of W.:stern Australia. Nedlands. WA
6907. AUSTRALIA
Cocks, Prof Phil Plant Sciences. University of Western Australia.
Nedlands. W A 6907. AUSTRALIA
Collins, Dr. Bill Ag.WA. Baron-Hay Court. South Perth. WA 6151.
AUSTRALIA
Della. Dr Athina Agricultural Research Institute. P.O. Box 2016. Nicosia.
CYPRUS
Enneking, Dr. Dirk CLIMA. University of Western Australia. Nedlands. W A
6907. AUSTRALIA
Ewing, Dr Mike CLIMA. University of Western Australia. Nedlands. W A
6907. AUSTALIA
Fedorenko, Ms Diana Plant Sciences. University of Western Australia.
Nedlands W A 6907. AUSTRALIA
Francis. Dr Clive CLIMA. University of Western Australia. Nedlands. W A
6907. AUSTALIA
Hadjichristodoulou, Dr Andreas Agricultural Research Institute. P.O. Box 2016. Nicosia.
CYPRUS
Howieson, Dr John CLIMA. University of Western Australia. Nedlands. W A
6907. AUSTALIA
6
Hughes, Mr. Steve SARDI. PRC. GPO Box 397. Adelaide. SA 5001.
AUSTRALIA
Loi, Mr Angelo CLIMA. University of Western Australia. Nedlands. W A
6907. AUSTRALIA
Marshall, Prof Don Department of Crop Sciences. A20. Faculty of
Agriculture. The University of Sydney. New South Wales
2006. AUSTRALIA
Maxted, Dr Nigel School of Biological Sciences. University of
Birmingham. Edgbaston Park Road. Edgbaston. Birmingham.
BI5 2TI. ENGLAND
Mcintyre, Mr. Allan Private Bag 260. Horsham. VIC 3401. AUSTRALIA
Nichols, Mr Phil Plant Sciences. University of Western Australia.
Nedlands WA 6907. AUSTRALIA
Norman, Ms Hayley Plant Sciences. University of Western Australia.
Nedlands WA 6907. AUSTRALIA
Nutt, Mr. Brad CLIMA. University of Western Australia. Nedlands. WA
6907. AUSTRALIA
Ovalle, Dr. Carlos Institute de Investigaciones Agrp,,~uarias (INIAl.
Estacion Experimental Quilamapu. Castilla 426. CHILE
Paull, Ms Heather Centre for Development Studies. Flinders University of
South Australia. GPO Box 2100. Adelaide 5000.
AUSTRALIA
Porqueddu, Dr Claudio Centro di Studio sui Pascoli Mediterranei (CNRl. Via E.
Nicola. 07100 Sassari. Sardinia. ITALY
Reid, Dr Robert Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research (TIARl. MI.
Pleasant Laboratories. PO Box 46. Kings Meadows.
Tasmania 7249. AUSTRALIA
Revell, Dr Clinton CLIMA. University of Western Australia. Nedlands. W A
6907. AUSTRALIA
Roberts, Prof Eric Department of Agriculture. University of Reading. Earley
Gate. P.O. Box 236. Reading. RG6 6AT. Berkshire.
ENGLAND.
Robertson, Dr Larry ICARDA. P.O. Box 5466. Aleppo. SYRIA.
Robson, Prof Alan University of Western Australia. Nedlands. WA 6907.
AUSTRALIA
Roggero, Prof Pier Paulo Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie ed Ambientali,
Universita degli Studio Via Brecce Bianche. 60131
ANCONA. ITALY
Samaras, Mr. S Greek Gene Bank. P.O. Box 312. Thessaloniki 57001.
GREECE
Sebanci, Dr Cefar Aegean Agricultural Research Institute (AARI). P.O. Box
9. Menemen. Izmir 35661. TURKEY.
Snowball, Mr. Richard Agriculture Western Australia (Ag.WA). Baron-Hay
Court. South Perth. WA 6151. AUSTRALIA
7
Sulas. Dr. Leonardo Centro di Studio sui Pascoli Mediterranei (CNR). Via E.
De Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia. ITALY
Tahtacioglu. Dr. Lutfu East Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute, Gezkoy,
Erzurum, TURKEY
Yan. Ms. Chen C/o, Dr. Parvez, School of Agriculture, University of
Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Richmond 2753.
AUSTRALIA
Zoghlami. Ms Aziza Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de
Tunisie (lNRAT), Rue Hedi Karray, 2049 Ariana, TUNISIA
8