Table Of ContentGENETIC ASPECTS OF PLANT MINERAL NUTRITION
Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences
VOLUME 50
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition
The Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of
Plant Mineral Nutrition, 30 September - 4 October 1991, Canberra, Australia
Edited by
P. J. RANDALL
E.DELHAIZE
R. A. RICHARDS
R.MUNNS
Division of Plant Industry
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization (CSIRO)
Canberra, Australia
Contributions with an asterisk in the table of contents were first published in Plant and Soil, Volume 146 (1992)
....
Spri"nger Sci ence+Business Media, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutr1t1on
(4th: 1991: Canberra, A.C.T.)
Genet1c aspects of plant mineral nutrition I the Fourth
International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant M1neral
Nutr1tion, Canberra, Australia, 30 September - 4 October 1991
ed1ted by P.J. Randall ... [et al.].
p. cm. -- (Developments in plant and soi 1 sc1ences ; v. 50)
ISBN 0-7923-2118-9 (acid free paper)
1. Plants--Nutrit1on--Genetic aspects--Congresses. 2. Plants,
Effect of minerals on--Congresses. 3. Crops--Nutrition--Genetic
aspects--Congresses. 4. Crops--Effect of m1nerals on--Congresses.
1. Randall, P. J. (Peter J.) II. T1tle. III. Ser1es.
OK867.1424 1991
581.1'335--dc20 92-43811
ISBN 978-94-010-4721-0 ISBN 978-94-011-1650-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1650-3
AH Rights Reserved
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993
No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without written permis sion from the copyright
owner.
Contents
'Organizing Committee and financial support ix
Preface xi
J. A. Fisher and B. J. Scott, Are we justified in breeding wheat for tolerance to acid soils in southern
New South Wales? 1
* D. M. Wheeler, D. C. Edmeades, R. A. Christie and R. Gardner, Comparison of techniques for
determining the effect of aluminium on the growth of, and the inheritance of aluminium tolerance in
wheat 9
R. N. Oram, R. A. Culvenor and A. M. Ridley, Breeding the perennial pasture grass Phalaris
aquatica for acid soils 17
* D. M. Wheeler, D. C. Edmeades, D. R. Smith and M. E. Wedderburn, Screening perennial rye-grass
from New Zealand for aluminium tolerance 23
* I. M. Rao, W. M. Roca, M. A. Ayarza, E. Tabares and R. Garcia, Somaclonal variation in plant
adaptation to acid soil in the tropical forage legume Stylosanthes guianensis 35
* P. W. G. Sale, D. I. Couper, P. L. Cachia and P. J. Larkin, Tolerance to manganese toxicity among
cultivars oflucerne (Medicago sativa L.) 45
* J. R. Crush and J. R. Caradus, Response to soil aluminium oftwo white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
genotypes 53
* W. J. Horst, C. CurrIe and A. H. Wissemeier, Differences in calcium efficiency between cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) cultivars 59
* J. W. Johnson and R. E. Wilkinson, Wheat growth responses of cultivars to H+ concentration 69
* D. M. Wheeler, D. C. Edmeades, R. A. Christie and R. Gardner, Effect of aluminium on the growth
of 34 plant species: A summary of results obtained in low ionic strength solution culture 75
* A. H. Wissemeier, A. Diening, A. Hergenroder, W. J. Horst and G. Mix-Wagner, Callose formation
as parameter for assessing genotypical plant tolerance of aluminium and manganese 81
* Contributions indicated with an asterisk were first published in Plant and Soil, Volume 146 (1992).
vi
* F. P. C. Blarney, N. J. Robinson and C. J. Asher, Interspecific differences in aluminium tolerance in
relation to root cation-exchange capacity 91
* D. M. Wheeler, D. J. C. Wild and D. C. Edmeades, Preliminary results from a microscopic
examination on the effects of aluminium on the root tips of wheat 97
R. J. Bennet and C. M. Breen, Aluminium toxicity: Towards an understanding of how plant roots
react to the physical environment 103
* R. A. Richards, Increasing salinity tolerance of grain crops: Is it worthwhile? 117
* C. L. Noble and M. E. Rogers, Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the
salt tolerance in crops 127
M. Dracup, Why does in vitro cell selection not improve the salt tolerance of plants? 137
* A. R. Yeo, Variation and inheritance of sodium transport in rice 143
J. Gorham, Genetics and physiology of enhanced KINa discrimination 151
* M. Taeb, R. M. D. Koebner, B. P. Forster and C. N. Law, Association between genes controlling
flowering time and shoot sodium accumulation in the Triticeae 159
* S. R. Sykes, The inheritance of salt exclusion in woody perennial fruit species 165
* M. E. Rogers and C. L. Noble, Variation in growth and ion accumulation between two selected
popUlations of Trifolium repens L. differing in salt tolerance 173
* S. D. Tyerman and D. P. Schachtman, The role of ion channels in plant nutrition and prospects for
their genetic manipulation 179
* W. J. Hurkman, Effect of salt stress on plant gene expression: A review 187
* T. J. Flowers and D. Dalmond, Protein synthesis in halophytes: The influence of potassium, sodium
and magnesium in vitro 195
G. Blair, Nutrient efficiency - what do we really mean? 205
* G. D. Batten, A review of phosphorus efficiency in wheat 215
* S. E. Smith, A. D. Robson and L. K. Abbott, The involvement of mycorrhizas in assessment of
genetically dependent efficiency of nutrient uptake and use 221
* A. E. Da Silva and W. H. Gabelman, Screening maize inbred lines for tolerance to low-P stress
condition 233
VII
* A. E. Da Silva, W. H. Gabelman and J. G. Coors, Inheritance studies of low-phosphorus tolerance
in maize (Zea mays L.), grown in a sand-alumina culture medium 241
* J. R. Caradus, A. D. Mackay, S. Wewala, J. Dunlop, A. Hart, J. van den Bosch, M. G. Lambert and
M. J. M. Hay, Inheritance of phosphorus response in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 251
* J. R. Caradus, Heritability of, and relationships between phosphorus and nitrogen concentration in
shoot, stolon and root of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 261
* A. A. Meharg and M. R. Macnair, Polymorphism and physiology of arsenate tolerance in Holcus
lanatus L. from an uncontaminated site 271
N. Ae, J. Arihara, K. Okada, T. Yoshihara, T. Otani and C. Johansen, The role of piscidic acid
secreted by pigeonpea roots grown in an Alfison with low-P fertility 279
N. Shiomi and S. Kitoh, Effect of mineral nutrients and combined nitrogen on the growth and
nitrogen fixation of Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis 289
* B. Feil, R. Thiraporn and P. Stamp, Can maize cultivars with low mineral nutrient concentrations in
the grains help to reduce the need for fertilizers in third world countries? 295
T. D. Ugalde, A physiological basis for genetic improvement to nitrogen harvest index in wheat 301
R. L. Morton, M. Whitecross and T. J. V. Higgins, Post-transcriptional control of the expression of
a plant gene by an environmental factor: Sulphur regulation of the expression of the Pea Albumin 1
gene 311
S. R. de Cianzio, Strategies in population development for the improvement of Fe efficiency In
soybean 321
* N. T. Hoan, U. Prasada Rao and E. A. Siddiq, Genetics of tolerance to iron chlorosis in rice 327
K. Singh, M. Chino, N. K. Nishizawa, T. Ohata and S. Mori, Genotypic variation among Indian
graminaceous species with respect to phytosiderophore secretion 335
P. N. Takkar, Requirement and response of crop cultivars to micronutrients in India - a review 341
* R. D. Graham, J. S. Ascher and S. C. Hynes, Selecting zinc-efficient cereal genotypes for soils of
low zinc status 349
S. Jamjod, C. E. Mann and B. Rerkasem, Combining ability of the response to boron deficiency in
wheat 359
D. B. Moody, A. J. Rathjen and B. Cartwright, Yield evaluation of a gene for boron tolerance using
backcross-derived lines 363
viii
* J. G. Paull, R. O. Nable and A. J. Rathjen, Physiological and genetic control of the tolerance of
wheat to high concentrations of boron and implications for plant breeding 367
* A. Bagheri, J. G. Paull, A. J. Rathjen, S. M. Ali and D. B. Moody, Genetic variation in the response
of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to high soil concentrations of boron 377
* R. F. M. van Steveninck, M. E. van Steveninck and D. R. Fernando, Heavy-metal (Zn, Cd)
tolerance in selected clones of duck weed (Lemna minor) 387
* P. J. Jackson, E. De1haize and C. R. Kuske, Biosynthesis and metabolic roles of cadystins
(y-EC)nG and their precursors in Datura innoxia 397
* N. J. Robinson, 1. M. Evans, J. Mu1crone, J. Bryden and A. M. Tommey, Genes with similarity to
metallothionein genes and copper, zinc ligands in Pisum sativum L. 407
The Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant
Mineral Nutrition was held in Canberra, Australia from 30 September
to 4 October 1991
The Organizing Committee
E Delhaize 1
D DeMarco 1
T J V Higgins 1
N Marcar2
Rana Munns 1
P J Randall 1 (Chairman)
R A Richards 1
The following provided financial support:
The Australian Wheat Research Council
The International Conference Support Scheme of the Department of Industry, Technology and
Commerce.
The Australian Tourist Commission.
The Sulphur Institute, Washington DC.
The Australian International Development Assistance Bureau.
1Division of Plant Industry and 2Division of Forestry Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.
Preface
This volume contains papers presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of
Plant Mineral Nutrition, held in Canberra, Australia in spring 1991. The manuscripts were reviewed by
at least two independent reviewers. The Editors thank Professor H. Lambers and A. Houwers of the
Editorial Office of Plant and Soil for their assistance in this process.
There is a need to optimize the productivity of infertile and problem soils in order to meet increasing
world-wide demand for agricultural and forestry products. The Symposium and its predecessors
(Belgrade 1982, Madison 1985 and Braunschweig 1988 - published as Developments in Plant and Soil
Sciences numbers 8, 27 and 42 respectively) recognize the increasingly important role of selection and
breeding of plants specifically for such soils. Plant breeding solutions will complement agronomic
methods to achieve these objectives in a manner which is both economically sound and ecologically
responsible.
Considerable progress has been made in plant improvement for problem soils. Many cultivars and
provenances have been developed for their ability to overcome edaphic constraints. New cultivars now
allow economic production on soils where yields of standard varieties are normally limited by mineral
toxicity of nutrient deficiency. There is a strong emphasis in this volume on studies relating to plant
breeding, the strategies to be adopted, the development of selection criteria and the testing and
evaluation of promising genotypes. Several contributions draw upon data from already successful plant
breeding programs. These include papers on tolerance to acid soils in wheat by Fisher and Scott and in
phalaris by Oram, Culvenor and Ridley, a paper on iron efficiency of soybeans growing in calcareous
soils by Cianzio and the papers by Paull and Moody and their colleagues on tolerance to high boron in
wheat. It is worth noting in this work the value of comparisons using closely related genotypes or near
isogenic lines for demonstrating the yield advantage of such characters. There was recognition at the
Symposium of the value of developing isogenic lines for physiological and molecular studies as well as
for agronomic evaluation of nutrition-related characters.
Future progress will depend on identifying agronomically useful genes and understanding how they
operate at the physiological, biochemical and genetic levels. The techniques of molecular biology will
play an increasingly important part in this. One fifth of the papers presented in the oral sessions of the
Symposium were in the "molecular" area and some of these are represented in this volume. The next
Symposium in the series will be held in Davis, California, USA in 1994 with the slightly altered title
"Fifth International Symposium on the Genetics and Molecular Biology of Plant Nutrition".
Peter Randall
