Table Of ContentGenesis and Propagation of Cosmic Rays
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
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with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
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A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B PhYSics London and New York
C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster and Tokyo
D Behavioural and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
E Applied Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and Lancaster
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris, and Tokyo
Series C: Mathematical and Phvsical Sciences Vol. 220
Genesis and Propagation
of Cosmic Rays
edited by
Maurice M. Shapiro
University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
and
Joh n P. Wefel
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, U.S.A.
D. Reidel Publishing Company
Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster / Tokyo
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Dedicated
to
INEZ
in loving memory
--an exemplary life
ever to be cherished
--M. M. S.
rABLE OF COITKIiTS
PREFACE xiii
M. M. Shapiro and J. P. Wefel
AN OVERVIEW OF COSMIC RAY RESEARCH:
COMPOSITION, ACCELERATION AND PROPAGATION
J. P. Wefel
PROPAGATION AND TRANSFOR'1ATIONS OF cosme RAYS: 41
FROM SOURCES TO EARTH
R. Silberberg, C. H. Tsao, J. R. Letaw and M. M. Shapiro
ULTRA HEAVY NUCLEI IN THE COSMIC RADIATION 71
W. R. Binns
GALACTIC COSMIC RAY HYDROGEN AND HELIUM 91
J. J. Beatty
COSMIC RAYS OF THE HIGHEST ENERGIES 97
J. Szabelski
STARS AND COSMIC RAYS 105
I. COOL STARS
T. Montmerle
STARS AND COSMIC RAYS 131
II. HOT STARS
T. Montmerle
ON THE POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION OF WC STARS TO ISOTOPIC 153
ANOMALIES IN COSMIC RAYS AND METEORITES
J. B. Blake and D. S. P. Dearborn
GAMMA-RAY VIEWS ON THE GALACTIC COSMIC-RAY DISTRIBUTION 163
H. Bloemen
VlIl
RADIO ASTRONOMY AND COSMIC RAYS 175
K. W. Weiler
PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN GALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANTS 205
D. A. Green
PULSARS AS COSMIC RAY PARTICLE ACCELERATORS -- NEW RESULTS 215
ON THE DYNAMICS OF PROTONS IN VACUUM FIELDS
K. o. Thie1heim
CONDITIONS FOR ACCELERATION OF SUPER-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS 227
IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
W. H. Sorrell
COSMIC RAYS AND A STABLE HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM OF THE GALAXY 235
H. B10emen
VRE AND URE GAMMA P~Y OBSERVATIONS BY GROUND BASED 241
DETECTORS
W. Stamm
HADRON AND MUON COMPONENTS IN PHOTON SHOWERS AT 1015 eV 255
Ch. P. Vankov and J. N. Stamenov
MONOPOLES, MUONS, NEUTRINOS AND CYGNUS X-3 261
M. L. Cherry, S. Corbato, D. Kieda, K. Lande, and C. K. Lee
MAGNETIC MONOPOLES 293
W. P. Trower
COSMIC RAY BOMBARDMENT OF SOLIDS IN SPACE 299
V. Pirrone110
SOLAR CYCLE MODULATION OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS 315
J. S. Perko
PARTICLE PROPAGATION AND ACCELERATION IN THE HELIOSPHERE 325
J. F. Valdes-Galicia, J. J. Quenby and X. Moussas
PHOENIX-l OBSERVATIONS OF EQUATORIAL ZONE PARTICLE PRECIPITATION 339
M. A. Miah, T. G. Guzik, J. W. Mitchell and J. P. Wefel
RECENT IMPROVEMENT OF SPALLATION CROSS SECTION CALCULATIONS, 357
APPLICABLE TO COSMIC RAY PHYSICS
R. Silberberg, C. H. Tsao and J. R. Letaw
MEASUREMENTS OF CROSS SECTIONS RELEVANT TO y-RAY LINE 375
ASTRONO~~
K. T. Lesko, E. B. Norman, R. M. Larimer and S. G. Crane
THE COSMIC RAY NUCLEI EXPERIMENT ON THE SPACE~B-II MISSION 381
J. M. Grunsfeld
THE SCINTILLATING OPTICAL FIBER ISOTOPE EXPERIMENT 391
W. R. Binns
CYGNUS EXPERIMENT AT LOS ALAMOS 405
B. L. Dingus, J. A. Goodman, S. K. Gupta, R. L. Talaga,
C. Y. Chang, G. B. Yodh, R. D. Bolton, R. L. Burman, K. B.
Butterfield, R. Cady, R. D. Carlini, W. Johnson, D. E. Nagle,
V. D. Sandberg, R. Williams, R. W. Ellsworth, J. Linsley,
H. H. Chen and R. C. Allen
MACRO: THE MONOPOLE, ASTROPHYSICS, AND COSMIC RAY OBSERVATORY 411
W. P. Trower
INVISIBLE COSMIC RAYS 427
A. K. Drukier et al.
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 445
SUBJECT INDEX 451
AUTHOR INDEX 459
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PREFACE
The fifth Course of the International School of Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics
"Genesis and Propagation of Cosmic Rays," which gave rise to this vol
ume, was held in June, 1986 at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scienti
fic Culture (CCSEM) in Erice, Sicily. Its recognition and co-sponsor
ship as an Advanced Study Institute (ASI) by NATO contributed much to
the success of the Course. Valuable support was also rendered by the
European Physical Society" the Italian Ministry of Education, the
Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research,the Sicilian
Regional Government, and the National Science Foundation of the United
States.
For a decade the International School of Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics
has consistently aimed to reflect the interdisciplinary character of
this field of research. This Course was no exception; it extended the
astrophysical horizons of students and senior participants. While the
sessions were ~ainly pedagogical, they also served as a workshop, deal
ing with current and controversial research issues. Nearly all parti
cipants were active investigators in cosmic radiation and related
fields.
The Editors, who were co-directors of the Institute, owe thanks
to the sponsors and to many colleagues: notably to Lecturers and other
participants who made this volume possible; to Professor Antonino Zi
chichi, Director of CCSEM; to Assistant Secretary General Professor
Henry Durand and Dr. Craig Sinclair of NATO's Scientific Affairs Divi
sion; to the distinguished members of NATO's Scientific Committee;
to Dr. Alberto Gabriele, Dr. Pinola Savalli and Ms. Sandra Wefel for
unstinting administrative support. We acknowledge the patient edi
torial help of Ms. N. M. Pols-v.d. Heijden and her associates at the
D. Reidel Publishing Company.
Members of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the School have
gi~en timely advice: Professors Pierre Auger, G.P.S. Occhialini, Bruno
Rossi, Maurice Shapiro (Director of the School), Rein Silberberg, John
Simpson, James A. Van Allen, and Antonino Zichichi.
This volume helps celebrate a noteworthy milestone in the history
of cosmic rays--the seventy-fifth anniversary of their discovery. In
1912 no one could have predicted that the balloon flights of Victor
Hess would engender new disciplines--particle astronomy, high-energy
xiii
