Generic revisions in the tribe Calenduleae (Compositae)

2006·3.8 MB·

by  Bertil Nordenstam

38 Comp. Newsl. 44,2006
Generic revisions inthetribe Calenduleae
(Compositae)
BertilNordenstam
DepartmentofPhanerogamicBotany, SwedishMuseumofNaturalHistory
P.O.Box50007,S-10405Stockholm,Sweden
[email protected]
Abstract
The generic limits in the tribe Calenduleae are revised with special focus on the
circumscription ofOsteospermum L. Three new genera from southern Africa, viz.
Monoculus B. Nord. (2 spp.),NorlindhiaB. Nord. (3 spp.), andInuloides B. Nord.
(1 sp.)areestablishedforelementspreviouslyincludedinOsteospermumorTripteris
Less. The necessary new combinations are made, and the new species Norlindhia
aptera B. Nord. is described from southernmostNamibia. The St. Helenaendemic
Osteospermum sanctae-helenae T Norl. is transferred to Oligocarpus Less, as
Oligocarpus burchellii (HooK.f.) B. Nord., comb. nov. Finally, Osteospermum
pinnatum (Thunb.) T. Norl. is transferred back to Dimorphotheca Vaill. as D.
pinnata(Thunb.)Harv.
Introduction
Ongoing phylogenetic studies on the Calenduleae and a review ofthe tribe for the
Families andGenera ofVascularPlants (Nordenstam, in press) have necessitated
revisionsofgeneric limitswithinthissmallbutintriguingtribe. Especiallythegenus
OsteospermumL.isinneedofarefinedcircumscription,aprocesswhichwasstarted
withthetransferofsect.BlaxiumtoDimorphothecaVaill.andtheresurrectionofthe
genera Tripteris Less, and Oligocarpus Less. (Nordenstam 1994a, b, Nordenstam
1996). Inthis paper some furtherelements are segregated from Osteospermum and
described as three new genera. A fourth new genus, Nephrotheca B. Nord. &
Kallersjo, is separated from Gibbaria Cass, and described in a separate paper
(Nordenstametal.2006).Amolecularstudy(Kallersjoetal.,inprep.)isunderwayto
elucidate the phylogeny ofthe tribe. Especially the affinities and limits between
Chrysanthemoides Fabr. and Osteospermum are still unresolved and will be
discussedinforthcomingpapers(cf.alsoWood&Nordenstam2004).
.
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 39
Taxonomyanddiscussion
MonoculusB.Nord.,gen.nov.
Osteospermumsect. UnifenestrataT.Norl.:Norlindh, StudiesintheCalenduleaeI:
321(1943).
Type:Monoculusmonstrosus(Burm.f.)B.Nord.
Herbaeannuaeglanduloso-pubescentesvel glabratae. Foliaaltemacaulinapetiolata
vel sessilia herbacea sinuato-dentata vel repanda. Capitula laxe corymbosa radiata.
Involucri bracteae c. biseriatae margine late albido-scariosae. Flosculi radii feminei
flavi vel aurantiaci tubo villoso. Cypselae triquetrae trialatae apice cavemulam
includententes unifenestratae. Flosculi disci 9-steriles, corolla flava lobis
atropurpureis nerviis sclerenchymatibus; antherae atratae; stylus apicebifidus.
Annual herbs, glandular-pubescent or glabrescent. Leaves alternate, petiolate or
sessile, herbaceous, sinuately dentate or lobate. Capitula corymbose, radiate.
Involucralbractsca.biseriate,withbroadscariousmargins.Ray-floretsfemale,fertile,
yellowororange-coloured;tubehairy.Cypselashomomorphic,triquetrous,3-winged,
with apical cavity provided with a single window (fenestra) on the tangential face.
Pappusabsent.Disc-Jloretshermaphrodite,functionallymale;corollayellow,apically
blackish-purple;corollalobeswithlateralsclerenchymaticstrands,joiningatbaseof
lobes and continuing halfway down the tube. Anther appendage triangular, acute,
blackish;filamentinsertedatjunctionofcorollatubeandlobes,filamentcollarshort,
straight, with involute margins, cells with distinct nodularthickenings; endothecial
tissuepolarizedwithfewindistinctthickenings.Styleapicallyminutelybifid,sterile.
Basicchromosomenumber:x=8
Two species with a partly sympatric distribution in the western Cape and one
extendingintosouthernmostNamibia.
Thisnewgenusisrelatedto Tripteris,withwhichitsharesthethree-wingedcypselas
andthesclerenchymaticstrandsinthedisc-floretcorolla. InMonoculusthereisonly
one cypselar window (fenestra), and the generic name alludes to this feature. In
Tripteris the cypselas are trifenestrate. Furthercharacteristics ofMonoculus are the
annual habit, glandular pubescence, biseriate involucral bracts with broad scarious
margins,andtheblackishtipsofthedisc-floretcorollas.
I.Monoculusmonstrosus(Burm.f.)B.Nord.,comb.nov.
Basionym: Calendulamonstrosa Burm. f, Prodr. PI. Cap. : 28 (1768). -Lectotype
(designatedhere): Herb.Burman,''CalendulamonstrosaBurm.herb,etprod.,donni
parDelessert"(G-DC).
40 Comp. Newsl.44,2006
Syn.: TripterisckmdestinaLess.,Linnaea6:97(1831);Osteospermwnclandestinum
(Less.) T. Nori..; Norlindh, Studies in the Calenduleae L 328 (1943). - Holotype:
Thl-nberg s. loco. Herb. Thunberg no. 30713 , '"Calendula hyhrida"', fol. 3 (UPS-
THUNB). The holotype is annotated "'Tripteris clandestind' by Lessing (of.
Norlindh 1943:332).
lllustr.:J.M.Black,FloraS.Australia4, 1929,Fig.275;Marloth,FloraS.Afr.3:2, 1932,
Plate67Fig.A;Norlindh 1943,Figs. 1 f,33a-h.
Erectannualherb2-5dmhigh;stemsimpleorbranching. Leavesherbaceous,3-6(-
10)cmlong, 1-3cmwide,obtuse,marginssinuatelydentateorrepand.Capitulalaxly
corymbose or sometimes solitary; pedicels 2-5 cm long, sparsely bracteolate.
mm mm
Involucralbracts8-10,5-7 long,2-A wide.Ray-florets8-10,short,equalling
the involucral bracts in length orslightly longer, yellow, withorwithoutapurplish-
mm
blackbasalspot.Cypsela8-9 long.
Chromosome number: 2n = 16 (Norlindh 1963, Chouksanova et al. 1968, Turner
1970).
Distribution: Western Cape from the Cape Peninsula north to Calvinia and L.
Namaqualand and extending into southernmostNamibia, eastwards to Swellendam
and Oudtshoom.
NorlindhrealizedthesynonymyofCalendulamonstrosaand Tripterisclandestina,
butneverthelesschosethelatterepithetbecauseofthebettertypespecimen. Healso
dislikedtheepithetmonstrosaasinappropriate. However,asremarkedbyNorlindh,
thetypeofC. monstrosa isunmistakablythe sametaxon as T clandestina.
2.Monoculushyoseroides(DC.)B.Nord.,comb.nov.
Basionym: TripterishyoseroidesDC,Prodr.6:458(1838).
Syn.: Osteospermum hyoseroides (DC.) T. Norl.; Norlindh, Studies in the
CalenduleaeI:333(1943).-Lectotype(designatedhere):Drege2737,CapeProv.,L.
Namaqualand:betweenKouseandGarip(G-DC).NorlindhI.e.citedthisspecimenas
typewithout further indication ofits status.
—
lllustr.:Norlindh 1943,Fig.33j ^k.
Erect or ascending annual herb 2-5(-7) dm high, with aromatic odour; stem
moderately to richly branching; lower branches ascending. Leaves herbaceous to
subcamose, up to 10 cm long and 2 cm wide, apically obtuse to rounded, margins
sinuate-dentate or repand with callous-mucronate teeth. Capitula laxly corymbose,
mm
fewtomany,pedicelsupto 1 cmlong,bracteolate. Involucralbractsca. 13,7-8
long, 3-4mmwide. Ray-floretsca. 13,yellowororange-coloured,2-3 times longer
mm
thaninvolucralbracts.Cypselas7-8 long.
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 4
1
Chromosomenumber:2n=16(Norlindh 1963).
Distribution: Northwestern Cape Province: Van Rhynsdorp, Calvinia and L.
Namaquaianddistricts.
M
Thisspeciesisreadilydistinguishedfrom momtrosusbythelongrays,whichare
twicethelength ofthe involucralbractsorlonger, andoftenorange-coloured.
NorlindhiaB.Nord.,gen.nov.
Osteospermumsect. EfenestrataT.Norl. subsect. ConfusaT. Norl.
Type:N.amplectens(Harv.)B.Nord.
Herbae annuae glanduloso-pubescentes glandibus ad apicem atris. Folia altema
caulinaherbaceaIntegravelsinuato-dentatavelrepandapetiolatavelsessiliabasaliter
semiamplexicaulibus. Capitulacorymbosaradiata. Involucribracteaesubuniseriatae
villoso-glandulosae. Flosculi radii feminei flavi vel aurantiaci tubo villoso et
glanduloso. Cypselae trialatae vel fere exalatae glabrae efenestratae interdum
rostratae. Flosculi disci 9-steriles sparse glandulosi flavi lobis atropurpureis sine
venisdistinctesclerenchymatibus;antheraecalcarataecaudatae;stylusapicebifidus.
Annual herbs, glandular-pubescent with black-tipped glands. Leaves alternate,
petiolate or sessile, sinuato-dentate or denticulate, base half-clasping. Capitula
corymbose, radiate. Involucral bracts subuniseriate or nearly biseriate, partly
overlapping, numerous (ca. 18-21), villous-glandular. Ray-florets female, fertile,
yellowtoorange;tubeglandularandvillouswithmulticellulartwo-tiered(apically 1-
tiered)trichomes.Cypselashomo-ordimorphicwithapicalcavity(sometimessmallor
absent), without fenestra, 3-winged or wingless, some often rostrate. Disc-florets
functionally male, yellow with purplish-blacktips; corolla without sclerenchymatic
strands,glandularoutside;corollalobesapicallyglabrous,withthinmarginswiththin
lateralveinsbutwithoutsclerenchymaticstrands;marginalresincanalspresent;tube
short,glandular.Antherscalcarate-caudatewithtailsaboutequallingfilamentcollarin
length;endothecialtissuepolarizedwithdistinctthickenings;filamentcollarstraight,
cylindrical, uniform (without thickened cells); apical appendage triangular-ovate,
marginedwithonedistinctcell-row,blackish,acute,midlinedwithadarkresinduct.
Styleapexashortcone,minutelybifidorshortlybilobed,withmamillifomipapillae,
base ofcone with a ring or collar ofobtuse hairs; shaft with two vascular strands.
Ovaryglabrous,2-veined.
Chromosomeno.notknown.
NW
Threespecies, CapeProvince,southernNamibia.
ThisnewgenusdiffersiromTripterisbythecypselaswithsmallorevenlackingapical
cavity without fenestrae, and disc-floret corolla without distinct sclerenchymatic
42 Comp. Newsl. 44,2006
veins. NorlinJhia is distinct from Imdoides (cf. below) by the annual habit with
caulinealternate leaves, corymbosesynflorescence,presenceofnon-glandularhairs
etc.Distinctionsfrom Monoculusarefoundinthevenationofthedisc-floretcorollas
(nosclerenchymatic strands) andcypselar morphology (non-fenestrate).
Key to the species ofNorlindhia:
1. Cypselas3-winged 2
Cypselaswithoutwings(orwithrudimentaryincompletewings)
3.A^.<3pferaB.NoRD.
2. Ray-florets2-3timeslongerthaninvolucralbracts
1.jV.aw/7/ec/e«5(Harv.)B.NoRD.
Ray-floretsequallinginvolucralbractsinlengthorslightlylonger
2.A^. breviradiata(T.Norl.)B.Nord.
1. Norlindhia amplectens(Harv.)B.Nord.,comb.nov.
&
Basionym: TriptehsamplectensHarv.;W.H.HarveyinHarvey Sonder,F1.Cap.3:
427 p.p. (1865). Osteospermum amplectens (Harv.) T. Norlindh, Studies in the
Calenduleae1:339(1943).-Lectotype(designatedhere):Drege5861,L.Namaqualand
(G-DC).
Further syn.: Tripteris amplexicaulis sensu DC, Prodr. 6: 457 p.p. (1838), non
T.amplexicaulis(Thunb.)Less.; T.confusaBol.;H.Bolus,Trans.S.Afr.Phil.Soc.16:
394(1906);T.gracilisJ.Hutch.,J.Hutchinson,Ann.S.Afr.Mus.9:417(1917).
—
Illustr.:Norlindh 1943,Fig.35a 1.
m
A^.amplectens isanannualherbto0.7 tall,withpetiolatetosessileandhalf-clasping
leaves and with richly branching synflorescences of radiate showy capitula. The
vegetativepartsareglandular-hairywithblack-tippedglands. Ray-floretsyellowor
orange,whilethedisc-floretsareyellowbutdark-tipped.Alsotheanthershavedark
tips,especiallytheapical appendage.
Distribution:WesternCapeProvincefromVanRhynsdorpandCalviniathroughoutL.
Namaqualand.
2. Norlindhiabreviradiata(T.Norl.)B.Nord.,comb.nov.
Basionym: Osteospermum breviradiatum T. Norl., Norlindh, Studies in the
Calenduleae1:345(1943).-Type:Schlechter8415,CapeProv.,Clanwilliam, 150m,
1896(Sholotype;isotypesfideNorlindh 1943inB,BOL,QGRA,K,P,PRE,W,Z).
Illustr.:Norlindh 1943,Fig.35m-o.
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 43
m
Annualherbto0.5 high,glandular-pubescent. Leavesalternate,petiolateorsessile
andhalf-clasping,herbaceous,elliptic-oblongooblong-lanceolate,3-8cmlong, 1-2.5
cm wide. In comparison with the preceding species the capitula are fewer and less
conspicuous, with much shorter yellow rays, hardly exceeding the phyllaries in
length.
Distribution: ScatteredoccurrencesfromClanwilliamnorthwardsinCalviniaandL.
NamaqualandtosouthernmostNamibia(Merxmuller1967).
3. NorlindhiaapteraB.Nord.,sp.nov.
Type:Nordenstam&Lundgren 123,Namibia, WarmbadDistr.: Hochstein, isolated
kopje 21 km SE ofAi-Ais(=62 km onAi-Ais road fromroadjunction41 kmN of
Violsdrift),25.VI.1974,Nordenstam&Lundgren 123(Sholotype,PREisotype).
Illustr.:Fig. 1.
N. amplectente(Harv.)B.Nord.affmissedindumentobreviorietminusglanduloso,
glandibusquoquebrevioribus,etpraesertimcypselispraecipueexalatisvel interdum
aliisrudimentalibusapicalibusetraresimulbasalibusinstructis.
m
Coarseannual herbto 1 high,branching, shortlyhirsuteandglandular-pubescent,
somewhatglutinous,oldstemsandbranchesglabrescent; stemto 1 cmthick.Leaves
alternate, sessile and amplexicaul or shortly petiolate, oblong-oblanceolate to
narrowlyelliptic-oblong,3-6cmlong, 1-2cmwide,entireorshortlyandbluntlyfew-
lobed or -dentate, subcamose, midveined with fainter lateral veins, acute or obtuse
and mucronate. Capitula numerous in terminal and axillary lax corymbs, radiate,
mm
yellow-flowered. Pedicels with narrowly linear to filiform 2-A long bracts.
Involucrehemispherical; involucralbracts 18-21,nearlybiseriate, linear-lanceolate,
mm mm
6-9 long, ca. 1.5 wide,acuminate,shortlyhirsuteandglandularandsparsely
mm
setose,withnarrowscariousmargins.Ray-floretsca.21;tube 1-1.5 long,villous
with 2-tieredmulticellularobtusetrichomes; laminanarrowlyoblong-oblanceolate,
9-12mmlong, 1.5-2mmwide,4-veined.Stylebranchesnarrowlylinear,ca.2mmlong,
mm mm
obtuse.Cypselasellipsoid-obovate,4-^.5 long, 1.2-2 wide,tereteandusually
longitudinally sulcate with a few furrows, glabrous except forsome setae alongthe
frirrows, laterglabrescentormuricate, withoutwingsorsomewith 3 reducedwings
apicallyandsometimesalsobasally,withapicalcavitywithoutfenestrae(occasional
cypselaswith 1 or3 smallfenestrae),lightgreyish-brownish.Disc-floretsnumerous,
mm mm
ftinctionallymale. Corollaca. 4 long; tubeshort, ca. 0.5 long, villous; limb
narrowlycampanulate,sparselyvillousespeciallyproximally;corollalobestriangular-
ovate,acute,glabrous(onlyminutelypapillateoutsideapically),withthinlateralveins
withthinsclerenchyma,anastomosingbelowsinusesandextendingdownthecorolla
as thin veins (no distinct sclerenchymatic strands extending down the corolla).
44 Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006
mm
Anthers 2-2.5 long, distinctly caudate, apical appendage narrowly triangular,
acute, somewhat thickened in the middle; endothecial cells short, polarized (few
thickenings on horizontal walls only); filament collar short, uniform. Style apically
conicalandbifid,sterile.Ovarynarrowlyoblong,glabrous,2-veined.
Distribution:Onlyknownfi"omthetypecollectioninsouthernmostNamibia,whereit
was foundgrowing in schistandgravel on an isolatedkopje.
A^. apteradiffers fromthefonnertwospeciesbythewinglesscypselas(rudimentary
wingssometimespresent),theshorterpubescencewithfewerandshorterglands,the
mostlyentireleaves,andthenarrowerinvolucralbractswithnarrowscariousmargins.
InuloidesB.Nord.,gen.nov.
Osteospermum sect. Efenestratasubsect. TomentosaT. Norl.
Herbaperennis,caudexsubterraneuslignosus. Foliarosulatapetiolataspathulatavel
rotundata integra subcoriacea utrinque albido-tomentosa apice acuta ad rotundata
interdum cuspidata. Capitula solitaria scaposa radiata. Involucri bracteae
subuniseriataeadsubbiseriatae,interioresmarginescarioso-fimbriatae.Flosculiradii
feminei flavi vel lutei, in sicco cyanescentes. Cypselae triangulares trialatae, latera
rugosa et apicem versus glandulifera; cavema apicalis magna efenestrata. Flosculi
disci 9-sterilesflavi.Stylussterilisapiceminutebilobus.
Type:Inuloidestomentosa(L.fil.)B.Nord.
Monotypic:
Inuloidestomentosa(L.fll.)B.Nord.,comb.nov.
Basionym:CalendulatomentosaL.fil.;Linnefil.,Suppl.PI.:384(1782).
Syn.: Tripteris tomentosa (L. fil.) Less; Lessing, Synopsis gen. Comp.: 90 (1832);
Osteospermumtomentosum(L.fil.)T.Norl.,Norlindh,StudiesintheCalenduleaeI:
336(1943).-Holotype:Thunbergs.n.,eCap.B.SpeiadKaff'erkuylsrivier,Oct.,herb.
Thunberg no. 20740 (UPS-THUNB); isotypes: ""Calendula tomentosa", Thunberg,
herb.Montin(S),herb.Swartz(S),"DahlaDrThunberg"(S).
Furthersyn.:OsteospermumcuspidatumDC.Prodr.6:463(1838).
Illustr.:Norlindh 1943,Fig.34.
Tomentose perennial herb or small subshrub. Leaves mainly rosulate, petiolate,
spathulate toorbiculate, flat, entire, apicallymucronate orshortlycuspidate; petiole
base somewhat clasping. Capitulum solitary, scapose, radiate. Involucral bracts
subuniseriate,inneroneswithscarious-fimbriatemargins.Ray-floretsfemale-fertile;
lamina yellow but turning blue upon drying, epidennis with elongate convex cells.
Cypselas3-winged,withlargeapicalcavitybutlackingfenestra,rugosebetweenthe
1
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 45
wingsandapicallysomewhatglandular-hairy.Disc-floretsfunctionallymale,yellow;
corollalobestriangular-ovate,withtranslucentbroadmargins,smallpapillaeapically,
and sublateral thin veins with thickened sclerenchyma; no eglandular hairs, only
multicellularglandsoncorollaandcypselas.Antherapicalappendageovate,blackish,
subacute and concave, with distinct margins. Style with obtuse mamillate papillae,
styleapexbilobeddowntotheringofshortsweeping-hairs.
Distribution: A single species with scattered localities in the southwestern Cape
Province.Itisperhapsbecomingrare,sincethereareratherfewrecentcollections(cf.
NoRLiNDH 1943p.339).ThedistributionrangesfromTulbaghandPaarlinthenorthto
Cape Peninsula and Caledon in the south, and eastwards to Mossel Bay. The single
recordfromtheCapePeninsuladatesfrom 1892.
Selectedspecimens:Caledon,KlynriviersbergeamZwarteberg,August,Zeyher3068
(SoNDER scripsit, S); Caledon Div., FemkloofNature Reserve, Hermanns, 150 m,
NW
1.IV.1983,C.BuRMANN 1122(BOL);BredasdorpDiv.,hardstonyflats ofThePWoort
alongtheElimRoad,25.IX.1933,J.RH.Acock1768(S); BredasdorpDiv.,2miles of
Napier,sandyveld, 17.IX.1962,Nordenstam 1395(M,PRE,S);(3420BC),DeHoop,
NW
Potberg Nature Reserve, 1 km ofPotberg houses at base ofmountain, 190 m,
25.V1I.1979, C. Burgers 1996 (PRE); Stellenbosch, Jonkershoek Nature Reserve,
33°59'S, 18°57'E, 19.VIII.1999,A. R.Wood410(S).(3321 DD), Swellendamdistr.,
foothills of Leeurivierberg, 1.IX.1958, Esterhuysen 27871 (BOL); N foothills of
LangebergmountainsnearBonniedale, 1300ft.,30.IX.1983,J.Vlok720(PRE).(342
AB),Riversdaleairfield,215m,28.IX.1984,RBohnen8509(PRE).
NoRLiNDH (1943) placed O. tomentosum in a subsection ofits own within his sect.
Efenestrata.Asthename implies,thecypselaslackfenestrae,althoughtheyhavean
apicalcavitywhichisverylarge.
The habit ofO. tomentosum differs from all or most species ofOsteospermum and
Tripteris. Itisalowperennialwithrosulatetomentoseleavesandscaposepeduncles
bearing a single capitulum. Some of the main differences from Tripteris are the
absence ofcypselar fenestrae, the thin non-sclerenchymatic venation ofthe disc-
floretcorolla,andthemamillatestigmaticpapillaeofthestyles.
TransferoiOsteospermumsanctae-helenaeT.Norl.toOligocarpus
Oligocarpusburchellii(Hook,f.)B.Nord.,comb.nov.
Basionym: TripterisburchelliiHooK.f,inMelliss,St.Helena:290(1875).-Holotype:
MellissNo.6,St.Helena, 1867(K).AnisotypecitedfromB(Norl[ndh 1939:787, 1943:
184)maynotbeextant.
Syn.:Osteospermumsanctae-helenaeT.Norl.,Bot.Notiser, 1939:787(1939).
46 Comp. Newsl. 44,2006
Type as above.
ThisspeciesisendemictoSt. Helena. ItwasrecognizedasanewspeciesbyHooker
fil., who placed it in Tripteris because ofthe angular cypselas, with three almost
wing-likeprimaryanglesandthreelessprotrudingsecondaryangles.Norlindhsank
Tripteris in Osteospermum and re-named the species because of homonymy
(Norlindh 1939, 1943). Hedidnotplacethespeciesinsubgenus Tripteris,however,
but grouped it with O. acanthospermum and miiricatum in sect. Xenismia of
subgenus Osteospermum {'"Euosteospermum'").
Although Norlindh mentioned O. acanthospermum as the closest ally of
O. sanctae-helenae,hepointedoutitsresemblanceandaffinitytoO. calendulaceum
in sect. Oligocarpus, unassigned as to subgenus. The latter is recognized as a
separate genus bythepresentauthor, andthe St. Helenataxonclearlybelongsthere
onmorphologicalevidencesuchashabit, involucralandfloralcharacters.
Molecular evidence from ITS and chloroplast sequences also demonstrate a close
relationship between O. sanctae-helenae and Oligocarpus calendulaceus
(Kallersjoetal.,inprep.).
PerhapsalsoO.acanthospermum(DC.)T.Norl.hastobetransferredtoOligocarpus,
whereitwasplacedbyBolus(1886),andthisissuewillbefurtherinvestigated.Ifthis
assumption proves correct, Xenismia DC. (1836) will become a synonym of
OligocarpusLess.(1832).
TransferofOsteospermumpinnatumtoDimorphotheca
Osteospermumpinnatum (Thunb.)T Norl. is anomalous in Osteospermumalready
by its annual habit and profoundly pinnatipartite leaves, uniseriate involucre and
especially by the white (non-yellow) rays, which are more or less purplish below.
Norlindh(1943: 191)placeditinasectionofitsown,Acanthotheca(DC.)T.Norl.,
based on the genus Acanthotheca DC. The taxon fits definitely better in
Dimorphotheca, where itoncebelonged, asD.pinnata(Thunb.) Harv.Thisspecies
willbefurtherstudiedinourmolecularphylogenygroup.AcanthothecaDC. (1838)
becomesasynonymoiDimorphothecaVaill.(1754;cfGreuteretal.2005).
Comp. Newsl. 44, 2006 47
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