Table Of ContentGenerative
Morphology
Studies in Generative Grammar
The goal of this series is to publish those texts that are
representative of recent advances in the theory of formal
grammar.
Too many studies do not reach the public they deserve because of
the depth and detail that make them unsuitable for publication in
article form.
We hope that the present series will make these studies available
to a wider audience than has hitherto been possible.
Editors:
Jan Köster
Henk van Riemsdijk
Other books in this series:
1. WimZonneveld
A Formal Theory of Exceptions in Generative Phonology
2. Pieter Muysken
Syntactic Developments in the Verb Phrase of Ecuadorian Quechua
3. GeertBooij
Dutch Morphology
4. Henk van Riemsdijk
A Case Study in Syntactic Markedness
5. Jan Köster
Locality Principles in Syntax
6. Pieter Muysken (ed.)
Generative Studies on Creole Languages
7. AnnekeNeijt
Gapping
8. Christer Platzack
The Semantic Interpretation of Aspect and Aktionsarten
9. Noam Chomsky
Lectures on Government and Binding
10. Robert May and Jan Koster (eds.)
Levels of Syntactic Representation
11. Luigi Rizzi
Issues in Italian Syntax
12. Osvaldo Jaeggli
Topics in Romance Syntax
13. Hagit Borer
Parametric Syntax
14. Denis Bouchard
On the Content of Empty Categories
15. Hilda Koopman
The Syntax of Verbs
16. RichardS. Kayne
Connectedness and Binary Branching
17. Jerzy Rubach
Cyclic and Lexical Phonology
Sergio Scalise
Generative
Morphology
¥
1986
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C IP-DAT A
Scalise, Sergio
Generative Morphology / Sergio Scalise. - Dordrecht [etc.] : Foris. - (Studies in Generative
Grammar ; 18)
ISBN 90-6765-089-7 bound
ISBN 90-6765-090-0 paper
SISO 805.3 UDC 801.55
Subject heading: morphology ; generative grammar.
First edition 1984
Second edition 1986
The author would like to thank Marina Drigo for compiling the indexes.
ISBN 90 6765 089 7 (Bound)
ISBN 90 6765 090 0 (Paper)
© 1984 Foris Publications - Dordrecht.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission from the copyright owner.
Printed in the Netherlands by ICG Printing, Dordrecht.
To Irene
Table of Contents
Preface IX
Acknowledgments χ I
Chapter I: The transformationalist treatment of word formation ι
1. The lexicon: from marginal to central 1
1.1. Syntactic Structures 1
1.2. The Standard Theory 3
1.2.1. Lexical Insertion 6
2. Word formation as transformations g
2.1. The sentence as the source of compounds 9
2.2. Deletion of lexical material 11
2.3. Variability in the meaning of compounds 12
2.4. Absolute exceptions 13
3. Summary 14
Chapter II: Lexicalist morphology 17
1. The Lexicalist Hypothesis (Chomsky 1970) 17
1.1. Consequences for derivation 20
1.2. Word stress rules 22
2. Prolegomena to a theory of word formation (Halle 1973) 23
2.1. The model 24
2.1.1. Word Formation Rules 27
2.1.2. The Dictionary and Lexical Insertion 30
2.1.3. Summary 30
2.2. Relevance of Halle's theory 31
2.3. Some criticisms of Halle's model 32
3. Summary 34
Chapter III: Word formation in generative morphology 37
1. Morphemes and words 37
1.1. The Word Based Hypothesis 40
1.2. Goals of a morphological theory 40
2. Word Formation Rules 42
3. Restrictions on Word Formation Rules 44
3.1. The base 44
3.1.1. Syntax and semantics 45
3.1.2. Phonology 46
3.1.3. Morphology 48
VI Generative Morphology
3.2. The output 51
4. Summary 54
Chapter IV: Readjustment rules 57
1. Readjustment Rules 57
1.1. Truncation Rules 58
1.2. Allomorphy Rules 60
2. Justification of Readjustment Rules 61
2.1. Readjustment Rules and Word Formation Rules 63
2.2. Readjustment Rules and Phonological Rules 66
3. Summary 67
Chapter V: Lexical formatives and word formation rules 71
1. Words and stems 71
1.1. Learned stems 75
2. Representation 76
2.1. External Boundaries 76
2.2. Formatives of the lexical component 78
2.2.1. Simple words 78
2.2.2. Stems 79
2.2.3. Affixes 79
2.2.4. Inflectional morphemes 81
2.3. Class I and Class II Affixes 81
2.3.1. Level Ordered Morphology 85
2.3.2. Level Ordered Morphology in Italian and Dutch 87
3. Compounding 90
3.1. The Variable R Condition 90
3.2. The "IS A" Condition 92
3.3. Boundaries in compounds and the Extended Level Ordering
Hypothesis 93
4. Well formedness conditions 95
5. Summary 97
Chapter VI: Interplay between morphological rules 101
1. Strong Lexicalist Hypothesis 101
2. Derivation and Inflection 102
3. Compounding and Derivation 115
3.1. The Extended Ordering Hypothesis in English 116
3.2. The Extended Ordering Hypothesis in Italian 119
4. Compounding and Inflection 122
5. Some bordeline cases 127
5.1. The Past Participle 127
5.2. Evaluative Suffixes 131
6. Summary 133
Chapter VII: Constraining word formation rules 137
1. The Unitary Base Hypothesis 137
Table of Contents VII
1.1. The Modified Unitary Base Hypothesis 138
1.2. Ν, V, A + suffix 140
1.3. N, V + ata 141
1.4. N, V + ino 143
1.5. One suffix or two? 144
2. The Binary Branching Hypothesis 146
2.1. Parasynthetics 147
2.2. The suffix -istico 150
3. The Ordering Hypothesis 151
4. The No Phrase Constraint 154
5. Blocking 156
5.1. Productivity 157
5.2. Blocking and the Blocking Rule 158
5.2.1. Blocking and the Blocking Rule in French 160
6. Summary 163
Chapter VIII: Morphology and syntax 167
1. Word Formation Rules and Transformations 167
1.1. Locality 169
1.1.1. The Adjacency Condition 169
1.1.2. The Atom Condition 171
1.1.3. A comparison between the Adjacency Condition and the
Atom Condition 173
1.2. Subcategorization Frames 178
1.2.1. Subcategorization Frame and Syntactic Category 178
1.2.2. Morphology and Argument Structure 181
2. Clitics 183
3. Interaction between Morphology and Syntax 185
3.1. Word Bar Theory 186
3.2. Inflection 191
4. Summary and conclusions 197
Symbols and Abbreviations 201
Subject Index 205
Affix Index 211
Word Index 215
Index of Names 231
Bibliography 233
