Generalized Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques for Very High-Speed Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters

146 Pages·2011·3.78 MB·English

by  Sai-Weng Sin

Generalized Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques
for Very High-Speed Time-Interleaved
Analog-to-Digital Converters
ANALOG CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SERIES
Consulting Editor: Mohammed Ismail. Ohio State University
For other titlespublished inthis series, goto
http://www.springer.com/series/7381
Sai-Weng Sin Seng-Pan U Rui Paulo Martins
l l
Generalized Low-Voltage
Circuit Techniques for
Very High-Speed Time-
Interleaved Analog-to-
Digital Converters
Sai-WengSin Seng-PanU
UniversityofMacau UniversityofMacau
FacultyofScienceandTechnology FacultyofScienceandTechnology
DeptofElectricalandElectronicsEngin DeptofElectricalandElectronicsEngin
Av.PadreTomasPereiraTaipa Av.PadreTomasPereiraTaipa
000Macao 000Macao
China,People’sRepublic China,People’sRepublic
[email protected] [email protected]
Prof.RuiPauloMartins
UniversityofMacauandTech.
Univ.ofLis
FacultyofScienceandTechnology
DeptofElectricalandElectronicsEngin
Av.PadreTomasPereiraTaipa
000Macao
China,People’sRepublic
[email protected]
ISBN978-90-481-9709-5 e-ISBN978-90-481-9710-1
DOI10.1007/978-90-481-9710-1
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010935169
# SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2010
Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written
permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurpose
ofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.
Coverdesign:SPiPublisherServices
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Thisbookisdedicatedto
OurWives
.
Preface
Analog-to-DigitalConverters(ADCs)playanimportantroleinmostmodernsignal
processingandwirelesscommunicationsystemswhereextensivesignalmanipula-
tion is necessary to be performed by complicated digital signal processing (DSP)
circuitry.Thistrendalsocreatesthepossibilityoffabricatingallfunctionalblocks
ofasysteminasinglechip(SystemOnChip–SoC),withgreatreductionsincost,
chipareaandpowerconsumptionofportabledeviceswhichareinevitablylargeif
the corresponding signal-conditioning circuits are implemented with discrete or
individual off chip analog elements. However, this tendency places an increasing
challenge, in terms of speed, resolution, power consumption, and noise perfor-
mance, in the design of the front-end ADC which is usually the bottleneck of the
whole system, especially under the unavoidable low supply-voltage imposed by
technologyscaling,aswellastherequirementofbatteryoperatedportabledevices
InterleavedAnalog-to-DigitalConverters.
Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters will present new techniques tailored
for low-voltage and high-speed Switched-Capacitor (SC) ADC with various
design-specificconsiderations.Thebookisorganizedinsevenchaptersasfollows:
Chapter1presentsanoverviewoftheintroductoryaspectsofthecurrentstate-
of-the-artlow-voltagehigh-speedADCdesignsanditalsoaddressesthemotivation
andobjectivesofthisresearchwork,besidespresentingitsoriginality.
Chapter2willdiscusstheimpactsoftheCMOStechnologyscalinginthedesign
ofanalogcircuits,atthedevicelevel,withthedegradationofboththeintrinsicgain
and the speed of deep-submicron transistors. Besides that, at circuit level, it pre-
sentsthedesignchallengesduetothereductionintheanalogsupplyvoltage,which
leadstotheproblemsoffloatingswitchesaswellasofreducedvoltageheadroom
forlow-voltageopamps.Currentsolutionstotheseissueswillalsobediscussedand
acomparisonbetweenadvantagesanddisadvantagesamongthemwillbedrawn.
Chapter 3 will present practical considerations of switched-capacitor circuits
designwithinalow-voltageenvironment,e.g.thecommon-modefeedbackcircuits,
front-end input interfaces to continuous-time input signal, level-shifting techni-
ques, process-insensitive biasing as well as gain-and-offset compensation. These
vii
viii Preface
advanced low-voltage circuit techniques greatly relax the speed-power-accuracy
trade-offswhichareimposedbythereducedheadroominlow-voltageapplications.
Chapter4willaddresstheconceptofTime-Interleaving(TI)whichrepresentsan
efficient solution for designing very-high-speed circuits and systems under the
speed limitations imposed by the technology. On the other hand, since channel
mismatches will severely limit the system performance, four different kinds –
offset, gain, timing and bandwidth mismatches will be thoroughly analyzed and
discussed. Closed-form spectrumexpressions, as well asthe Signal-to-Noise-and-
DistortionRatio,willbederivedforasimplifiedanalysis,atanearlydesignphase,
oftheperformanceoftime-interleavedsystemsundervariouschannelmismatches.
Chapter 5 will present the design of a low-voltage 1.2 V, 10 b, 60–360 MS/s
reconfigurable time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter which is implemented
in 0.18 mm CMOS technology. Design considerations about the various ADC’s
circuit building blocks, as well as special attention to the layout for high-speed
mismatch-insensitivedesign,willalsobeaddressed.
Chapter 6 will subsequently illustrate the Printed-Circuit Board (PCB) design
thatsupportstheexperimentaltestingsetup,andwillpresentthemeasuredresults
oftheprototypeADCchipdescribedinChapter5.Inadditiontothemeasurement
summary a comparison with previously reported low-voltage high-speed ADCs
willalsobeprovided.
Chapter 7 will finally draw the relevant concluding remarks of this book and
proposesprospectivefutureresearchworks.
Appendixeswillalsobeprovidedtointroduce:(i)theoperationprincipleofthe
proposed common-mode feedback techniques, as presented in Chapter 3; (ii) the
mathematicderivationfortheSNDRofthebandwidthmismatchinTI-ADCs;(iii)
theestimation ofnoiseperformanceinvarious buildingblocksofadvancedreset-
opampcircuits;and(iv)amathematicanalysisandproofofthespecialcaseofgain-
mismatchanalysispresentedinthemeasurementresultsofChapter6.
Macau Sai-WengSin,Terry
May2010 Seng-PanU,Ben
RuiPauloMartins
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our thanks to the Research Committee of University of
Macau(UM)aswellastotheMacaoScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentFund
(FDCT) for the financial support to the research work presented in this book.
Furthermore,ourthanksgoalsotoDr.Sai-WengSin’sPhDexaminationcommittee
members,Prof.IuVaiPan(UniversityofMacau),Prof.HanYingDuo(Tsinghua
University,China),Prof.AkiraMatsuzawa(TokyoInstituteofTechnology,Japan),
Prof.Bang-SupSong(UniversityofCalifornia-SanDiego,USA)andProf.Franco
Maloberti(UniversityofPavia,Italy)fortheirparticipationintheoraldefenseand
their thorough review of the work. We would like also to thank Prof. Mok Kai
Meng,Dr.VaiMangI,Dr.MakPengUnandDr.WongManChungfortheirguidance
andsuggestions,withinthegraduatestudyperiodatUM.
Wewillalwaysremember goodexperiencesofworkingwithourcolleaguesin
the Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI Laboratory, of UM, during the same period.
Amongthose,wewouldliketopresentourspecialthankstoAlphaChio,Meshell
Ma,AbnerWei,JuliaZhu,IvorChanandVictorWongfortheirvaluablecontribu-
tionsonvarioustechnicalpoints,we’vereallyenjoyedsharingthegoodatmosphere
existinginourresearchteam.Inparticular,wewouldliketohighlightalsoherethe
collaborationofStephenAoIeongandLeoNg,forprovidingcomprehensiveCAD
andcomputingsupporttousandthewholeteamwhiletheywerenotspecializedin
thisareaand,simultaneously,werequitebusyintheirowngraduatework.
We owe our gratitude also to our dear friends from Chipidea Microelectronics
Macao,now,partofAnalogIPgroupofSynopsys,CharlesChan,LewisLei,Dustin
Chio, Louis Lao, and Norma Vu for their technical and administrative support.
Withouttheirhelpwewon’tbeabletofinishthisprojecttimely.
Ourfamiliessurelydeservethebiggestthanksfortheirlove,understandingand
continuous support. They were always encouraging us in periods of frustration,
whileprovidinggreatsupportinhomeoperationswhenwewereabsent;thisbookis
dedicatedtothem.
ix
.