Table Of Content<ATSKSWVIUIDUEOZTIBYDOTEFLJWFHTECESHHCOOIEN"ETTRRGFI"DGe1O""n"5SIH4"md0"T"e>"pr"a"cA2t2c0r1o"1s"sLanguages:Thelinguisticrepresentationofwomenandmen.VolumeIII"
GenderAcrossLanguages
Impact: Studies in language and society
impactpublishesmonographs,collectivevolumes,andtextbooksontopicsin
sociolinguistics.Thescopeoftheseriesisbroad,withspecialemphasisonareas
suchaslanguageplanningandlanguagepolicies;languageconflictandlanguage
death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia;
discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class,
ideology);andhistoryandmethodsofsociolinguistics.
Generaleditor
AnnickDeHouwer
UniversityofAntwerp
Advisoryboard
UlrichAmmon WilliamLabov
GerhardMercatorUniversity UniversityofPennsylvania
LaurieBauer ElizabethLanza
VictoriaUniversityofWellington UniversityofOslo
JanBlommaert JosephLoBianco
GhentUniversity TheAustralianNationalUniversity
PaulDrew PeterNelde
UniversityofYork CatholicUniversityBrussels
AnnaEscobar DennisPreston
UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana MichiganStateUniversity
GuusExtra JeanineTreffers-Daller
TilburgUniversity UniversityoftheWestofEngland
MargaritaHidalgo VicWebb
SanDiegoStateUniversity UniversityofPretoria
RichardA.Hudson
UniversityCollegeLondon
Volume11
GenderAcrossLanguages:Thelinguisticrepresentationofwomenandmen
VolumeIII
EditedbyMarlisHellingerandHadumodBußmann
Gender Across Languages
The linguistic representation
of women and men
volume 3
Edited by
Marlis Hellinger
UniversityofFrankfurtamMain
Hadumod Bußmann
UniversityofMunich
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany
Amsterdam(cid:1)/(cid:1)Philadelphia
TM ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
8
NationalStandardforInformationSciences–PermanenceofPaperforPrinted
LibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1984.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
GenderAcrossLanguages:Thelinguisticrepresentationofwomenandmen.VolumeIII/
editedbyMarlisHellingerandHadumodBußmann.
p. cm.(Impact:Studiesinlanguageandsociety,issn1385–7908;v.11)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes.
1.Grammar,Comparativeandgeneral--Gender.I.Hellinger,Marlis.II.Bußmann,
Hadumod.III.Impact,studiesinlanguageandsociety;11.
P325.5.P78 M4 2003
401.43--dc21 00-040314
isbn90(cid:2)272(cid:2)1844(cid:2)7(Eur.)/1(cid:2)58811(cid:2)210(cid:2)1(US)(Hb;alk.paper)
isbn90(cid:2)272(cid:2)1845(cid:2)5(Eur.)/1(cid:2)58811(cid:2)211(cid:2)X(US)(Pb;alk.paper)
©2003–JohnBenjaminsB.V.
Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,byprint,photoprint,microfilm,orany
othermeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.·P.O.Box36224·1020meAmsterdam·TheNetherlands
JohnBenjaminsNorthAmerica·P.O.Box27519·Philadelphiapa19118-0519·usa
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Table of contents
LanguagesofvolumeIandII vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Listofabbreviations xiii
genderacrosslanguages
Thelinguisticrepresentationofwomenandmen 1
MarlisHellingerandHadumodBußmann
czech
CommunicatinggenderinCzech 27
SvˇetlaCˇmejrková
danish
Equalbeforethelaw–unequalinlanguage 59
KirstenGomardandMetteKunøe
french
GenderinFrench:Structuralproperties,incongruencesand
asymmetries 87
ElmarSchafroth
GenderandlanguagepoliticsinFrance 119
ElisabethBurr
german
EngenderingfemalevisibilityinGerman 141
HadumodBußmannandMarlisHellinger
greek
Women,genderandModernGreek 175
Theodossia-SoulaPavlidou
<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"<"kkssiisshhbbhhnntnnssddommaaiiooeeeeooiioo""hhee""cRRRRRRRRRR/ccnn>>nnrrtt>>ii"""""""""""""//////////"""">>>>>>>>>>>T>>>>>>RRRRRRRRRREEEEEEEEEEAEEEEEEEEEERGFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFET
vi Tableofcontents
japanese
GenderedstructuresinJapanese 201
JanetS.ShibamotoSmith
Women’slanguageasagroupidentitymarkerinJapanese 227
SachikoIde
oriya
Linguisticandsocio-culturalimplicationsofgenderedstructures
inOriya 239
KalyanamaliniSahoo
polish
LanguageandgenderinPolish 259
GabrielaKoniuszaniecandHankaBłaszkowska
serbian
TheexpressionofgenderinSerbian 287
ElkeHentschel
swahili
PerceptionsofgenderinSwahililanguageandsociety 311
RoseMarieBeck
swedish
LinguisticandpublicattitudestowardsgenderinSwedish 339
AntjeHornscheidt
Notesoncontributors 369
Nameindex 375
Subjectindex 383
<ATSKSWVIUITUEOZTIBYADTEFLJWRFHTEESGHHCOOEE"ETTRRLTI"aDG1"n""5SIH"4"gm0l"uaT">"npa"g"a"ec2stD20O1o"1fC"IVNoFluOmeIandII"
Languages of Volume I
Arabic
AtiqaHachimi
BelizeanCreole
GenevièveEscure
EasternMaroonCreole
BettinaMigge
English
MarlisHellinger
JanetHolmes
AnnePauwels
SuzanneRomaine
Hebrew
YishaiTobin
Indonesian
EstherKuntjara
Romanian
FlorenceMaurice
Russian
UrsulaDoleschalandSonjaSchmid
Turkish
FriederikeBraun
</TARGET"lan">
Languages of Volume II
Chinese
CharlesEttner
MarjorieK.M.Chan
HongZhang
Dutch
MarinelGerritsen
Finnish
MilaEngelberg
Hindi
KiraHall
Icelandic
AnnaGunnarsdotterGrönberg
Italian
GiannaMarcatoandEva-MariaThüne
Norwegian
ToveBullandTorilSwan
Spanish
UweKjærNissen
Vietnamese
HoaPham
Welsh
GwenllianAwberyandKathrynJonesandDelythMorris
<ATSKSWVIUITUEOZTIBYADTEFLJWRFHTEESGHHCOOEE"ETTRRPTI"DrG1e"""5SIHf"4"am0p"cT"r>"pee""af""c2t2D01O"1"CINFO
Preface
TheseriesGenderacrosslanguagesisanongoingprojectwithpotentialfollow-up
publications.Ourmaingoalhasbeentoprovideacomprehensivecollectionofin-
depthdescriptionsofgender-relatedissuesinlanguageswithverydiversestructur-
alfoundationsandsocio-culturalbackgrounds.Theprojectisdesignedtohavean
explicitcontrastiveorientationinthatbasicallythesameissuesarediscussedfor
eachlanguagewithinthesameterminologicalandmethodologicalframework.
This framework, whose central notion is, of course, the multidimensional
conceptof“gender”,isdiscussedintheintroductorychapterof“Genderacross
languages–Thelinguisticrepresentationofwomenandmen”.Carehasbeen
takennottoimposeanarrowwesternperspectiveonotherlanguages.
Thisisthethirdofthreevolumeswhichcompriseatotalofthirtylanguages:
(Moroccan)Arabic,BelizeanCreole,Chinese,Czech,Danish, Dutch,Eastern
Maroon Creole, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi,
Icelandic,Indonesian,Italian,Japanese,Norwegian,Oriya,Polish,Romanian,
Russian,Serbian,Spanish,Swahili,Swedish,Turkish,Vietnamese,andWelsh.
Allcontributionswerespecificallywrittenforthisproject,inclosecollaboration
with the editors over a period of four years. Unfortunately, a few languages
(Bulgarian, Hungarian, Korean, Portuguese, and one Native American lan-
guage)droppedoutoftheprojectforvariousreasons.Theselanguagesshould
beincludedinapotentialfuturevolume.
Thebasisonwhichparticularlanguagesshouldbebroughttogetherinone
volumehasbeenaproblematiconetodefine.Ratherthancategorizinglanguag-
esaccordingtolanguagefamily(areal,typologicalorhistorical),oraccording
towhetherthelanguagehasordoesnothavegrammaticalgender,orusingan
overallalphabeticalordering,wedecided–inagreementwiththepublisher–
thateachvolumeshouldcontainabalancedselectionoflanguages,sothateach
volume will provide readers with sufficientmaterial to illustrate the diversity
andcomplexityoflinguisticrepresentationsofgenderacrosslanguages.Thus,
eachvolumewillcontainboth,languageswithgrammaticalgenderaswellas
“genderless” languages, and languages with different areal, typological and
historicalaffiliations.
Description:This is the third of a three-volume comprehensive reference work on “Gender across Languages”, which provides systematic descriptions of various categories of gender (grammatical, lexical, referential, social) in 30 languages of diverse genetic, typological and socio-cultural backgrounds. Among
