Table Of Content2 Hel 10 Ne I 18 Ar I 36 l Kr 54 Xe I 86 Rn I H131
~
I
2 5 6 7 8 8a
I H 9 F 17 CI 35 Br 53 I 85 At
3 9 10 11 12 71
8 o 16 S 34 Se 52 Te 84 Po 71 Lu 103Lr
7 N 4 15 P 16 33 As 17 51 Sb 18 83 Bi 19 70 Vb 10271 No
14 15 45 46 47 71
, , i 6 C 14 Si 32 Ge 50 Sn 82 Pb 69 Tm 101 Md
bers I 5 B 13 13 AI 35 31 Ga 36 49 In 37 81 TI 38 68 Er 100 Fm 71
m Num I 30 Zn 32 48 Cd 33 80 H34 g 67 Ho 99 Es 71
n Syste , , , 29 Cu 60 47 Ag 61 79 Au 62 66 Oy 98 Cf 71
meli 57 65 68 71
G 28 Ni 46 Pd 78 Pt 65 Tb 97 Bk
e
with th 27 Co 58 45 64 Rh 77 Ir 67 64 Gd 96 71 Cm
nts 59 63 66 71
me 26 Fe 44 Ru 76 Os 63 Eu 95 Am
the Ele I I I, , I I 1 i ! 25 Mn 56 43 Tc 69 75 Re 70 62 Sm 94 Pu 71
eriodic Table of , , I I I i ~ ! 23 24 V 48 Cr 52 41 42 M53 49 oNb 73 74 W 54 Ta 50 105 71 60 61 Pm Nd 92 93 U 55 Np 71 --
P
22 Ti 41 40 Zr 42 72 Hf 43 104 71 59 Pr 91 Pa 51
21 Sc 39 39 V 39 57** La 39 89*** Ac 40 58 Ce 90 Th 44
4 26 Be 12 M27 g 20 Ca 28 38 Sr 29 56 Ba 30 88 Ra 31 an ides 39 nides
2 20 21 * 22 24 25 25a anth Acti
I H 3 Li 11 Na 19 K 37 Rb 55 Cs 87 Fr *L **
* *
~ J g li c;, i. :r j 3 ... <ij' ~' !!I ~ co ii it ~ ~ n ~ ~
GmeLin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
Grnelin Handbook
of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie
Achte, vöLLig neu bearbeitete Auflage
Prepared Gmelin-Institut für Anorganische Chemie
and issued by der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
Director: Ekkehard Fluck
Founded by Leopold Gmelin
8th Edition 8th Edition begun under the auspices of the
Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft by R. J. Meyer
Continued by E. H. E. Pietsch and A. Kotowski, and by
Margot Becke-Goehring
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1990
Gmelin-Institut für Anorganische Chemie
der Max-Planck-GeseLLschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
ADVISORY BOARD
Dr. G. Breil, Chairman (Ruhrchemie AG, Oberhausen-Holten), Prof. Dr. K. Dehnicke (Philipps
Universität, Marburg), Prof. Dr. N. N. Greenwood (University of Leeds), Prof. Dr. H. Grünewald
(Bayer AG, Leverkusen), Prof. Dr. H. Harnisch (Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main-Höchst), Prof. Dr.
H. Nöth (Universität München), Prof. Dr. H. Offermanns (Degussa AG, Frankfurt/Main), Prof.
Dr. G. zu Putlitz (Universität Heidelberg), Prof. Dr. A. Rabenau (Max-Planck-Institut für Fest
körperforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. A. Simon (Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung,
Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. Dr. A. H. Staab (Präsident der Max-Planck-GeseLLschaft, München), Prof.
Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. G. Wilke (Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim/Ruhr)
DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ekkehard Fluck Dr. W. Lippert
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF Dr. B. Baker, Dr. P. L. Bayless,
Dr. V. Haase, Dr. E. F. Hockings,
Dipl.-Ing. G. Kirschstein,
Dr. W. F. McNamara, Dr. K. Rumpf
EMERITUS MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Dr. E.h. Margot Becke
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Hans Bock
Prof. Dr. Dr. Alois Haas, Sc. D. (Cantab.)
GMELIN HANDBOOK
CHIEF EDITORS
Dr. K.-C. Buschbeck - Dr. H. Bergmann, J. FüsseL, H. Hartwig, Dr. H. Katscher, Dr. R. Keim,
Dr. E. Koch, Dipl.-Phys. D. KoscheL, Dr. U. Krüerke, Dr. P. MerLet, Dr. E. SchLeitzer-Rust,
Dr. F. A. Schröder, Dr. A. SLawisch, Dr. W. Töpper
STAFF
Dr. G. Bär, D. BartheL, Dr. N. Baumann, Dr. W. Behrendt, D. Benzaid, Dr. L. Berg, G. Börgerding,
Dr. R. Bohrer, K. D. Bonn, P. Born-Heck, Dr. U. Busch, Dipl.-Ing. V. A. Chavizon, E. CLoos,
Dipl.-Phys. G. Czack, I. Deim, Dipl.-Chem. H. Demmer, Dipl.-Geol. R. Ditz, R. Dowideit, Dipl.
Chem. M. Drößmar, U. Duggen, Dr. H.-J. Fachmann, Dr. J. Faust, B. Fischer, G. Funk, Dipl.
Ing. N. GageL, Dr. D. Germeshausen, Dr. U. W. Gerwarth, Dipl.-Phys. D. Gras, Dipl.-Bibl. W.
Grieser, Dr. I. Haas, R. Hanz, Dr. R. HauboLd, B. HeibeL, DipL.-Min. H. Hein, A. Heise-Schuster,
H.-P. Hente, H. W. HeroLd, U. Hettwer, Dr. R. HeumüLLer, Dr. G. Hönes, Dr. W. Hoftmann, G.
Horndasch, Dr. W. HuisL, B. Jaeger, Dr. R. JoUer, Dr. J. von Jouanne, Dr. B. Kalbskopf, DipL.
Chem. W. KarL, H.-G. Karrenberg, Dipl.-Phys. H. KeLLer-Rudek, B. Kirchner, P. KLauck, Dipl.
Chem. C. KoeppeL, R. KoLb, Dr. M. Kotowski, E. Kranz, Dipl.-Chem. I. KreuzbichLer, Dr. A.
Kubny, Dr. W. Kurtz, M. Langer, Dr. B. Ledüc, Dr. A. Leonard, H. Mathis, E. Meinhard, M.
Meßer, C. Metz, K. Meyer, Dr. M. Mirbach, Dipl.-Chem. B. Mohsin, Dr. U. Neu-Becker, K.
Nöring, Dipl.-Min. U. NohL, Dr. U. Ohms-Bredemann, Prof. Dr. W. Petz, I. Rangnow, Dipl.-Phys.
H.-J. Richter-DiUen, E. RudoLph, G. RudoLph, DipL.-Chem. S. Ruprecht, Dr. B. Sarbas, Dr. H.
Schäfer, Dr. R. Schemm, Dr. D. Schiöberg, P. Schleimer, V. Schlicht, Dipl.-Chem. D. Schneider,
Dipl.-Min. P. Schubert, A. SchwärzeL, Dr. B. Schwager, DipL.-lng. H. M. Somer, Dr. C. Strametz,
G. Strauss, Dr. G. Swoboda, M. Teichmann, Dr. D. TiLLe, Dipl.-Chem. P. VeLic, Dipl.-Ing. U.
Vetter, H.-M. Wagner, Dipl.-Phys. J. Wagner, R. Wagner, Dr. E. Warkentin, Dr. C. Weber, Dr. A.
Wietelmann, Dr. M. Winter, Dr. B. Wöbke, K. WoLft
GMELIN ONLINE
EXECUTIVE MANAGER HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Dr. R. DepLanque Dr. P. Kuhn, Dr. G. OLbrich
STAFF
Dr. R. Baier, Dr. B. Becker, DipL.-Chem. E. Best, Dipl.-Phys. R. Bost, Dr. A. BrandL, Dr. R. Braun,
Dipl.-Chem. R. Durban, Dr. A. Kirchhoft, Dipl.-Chem. H. KöUeLwesch, W. Korba, Dr. M. Kunz,
Dr. A. NebeL, Dipl.-Chem. R. NohL, Dr. B. Rempfer, Dr. K. Schücke, U. TöLLe, Dipl.-Ing. H.
Vanecek
OrganometaLlic Compounds in the Gmelin Handbook
The following listing indicates in which volumes these compounds are discussed or are
referred to:
Ag Silber 85(1975)
Au Organogold Compounds (1980)
8e Organoberyllium Compounds 1 (1987)
8i Bismut-Organische Verbindungen (1977)
Co Kobalt-Organische Verbindungen 1 (1973), 2 (1973), Kobalt Erg.-8d. A (1961), 81
(1963), 82(1964)
Cr Chrom-Organische Verbindungen (1971)
Cu Organocopper Compounds 1 (1985),2 (1983), 3 (1986), 4 (1987), Index (1987)
Fe Eisen-Organische Verbindungen A 1 (1974), A 2 (1977), A 3 (1978), A 4 (1980), A 5
(1981), A6 (1977), A7 (1980), A8 (1985), A9 (1989), 81 (partly in English; 1976),
Organoiron Compounds 82 (1978), Eisen-Organische Verbindungen 83 (partly in
English; 1979), B4 (1978),85 (1978), Organoiron Compounds B 6 (1981),87 (1981),
88 to 810 (1985), 811 (1983), 812 (1984), 813 (1988), 814 (1989), 815 (1989),
817 (1990), Eisen-Organische Verbindungen C 1 (1979), C 2 (1979), Organoiron
Compounds C 3 (1980), C 4 (1981), C 5 (1981), C 7 (1985), and Eisen 8 (1929-1932)
Ga Organogallium Compounds 1 (1986)
Ge Organogermanium Compounds 1 (1988), 2 (1989), 3 (1990) present voLume
Hf Organohafnium Compounds (1973)
Nb Niob 84 (1973)
Ni Nickel-Organische Verbindungen 1 (1975),2 (1974), Register (1975), Nickel 8 3 (1966),
and C 1 (1968), C 2 (1969)
Np, Pu Transurane C (partly in English; 1972)
Pb Organolead Compounds 1 (1987),2 (1990)
Pt Platin C (1939) and 0 (1957)
Re Organorhenium 1 (1989),2 (1989)
Ru Ruthenium Erg.-Bd. (1970)
Sb Organoantimony Compounds 1 (1981),2 (1981), 3 (1982), 4 (1986)
Sc, Y, 06(1983)
La to Lu
Sn Zinn-Organische Verbindungen 1 (1975),2 (1975), 3 (1976), 4 (1976), 5 (1978), 6 (1979),
Organotin Compounds 7 (1980), 8 (1981), 9 (1982),10 (1983),11 (1984),12 (1985),13
(1986), 14 (1987), 15 (1988), 16 (1988), 17 (1989)
Ta Tantal 82 (1971)
Ti Titan-Organische Verbindungen 1 (1977), 2 (1980), Organotitanium Compounds 3
(1984),4 and Register (1984), 5 (1990)
U Uranium Suppl. Vol. E 2 (1980)
V Vanadium-Organische Verbindungen (1971), Vanadium 8 (1967)
Zr Organozirconium Compounds (1973)
Gmelin Handbook
of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
Ge
Organogermanium
Compounds
Part 3
Tetraorganogermanium Compounds from
Ge{C3H7bR' to GeRR'R"R"',
Germacyclic Compounds, and
Organogermanium Compounds with
Low-Coordinate Germanium Atoms
With 20 illustrations
AUTHORS Frank Glockling, University of Oxford
Ulrich Krüerke, Gmelin-Institut, Frankfurt am Main
Jaques Satge, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
FORMULA INDEX Rainer Bohrer, Bernd Kalbskopf, Hans-Jürgen Richter-Ditten
EDITORS Ulrich Krüerke, Christa Siebert (Maintal)
CHIEF EDITOR Ulrich Krüerke
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1990
LITERATURE CLOSING DATE: 1987
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: Agr 25-1383
ISBN 978-3-662-10299-2 ISBN 978-3-662-10297-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10297-8
This work is sUbject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those
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"Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990
Originaily published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo in 1990
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 8th edition 1990
The use 01 registered names, trademarks, ete., in this pubUcation does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that
such names are exempt from the relevant protective Laws and regulations and therefore tree 10r generaL usa.
Typesetting
Preface
The present third voLume in the organogermanium series eontinues the deseription of
tetraorganogermanium eompounds (Chapter 1.1), beginning with Ge(C3H7bR' eompounds
(Seetion 1.1.2.3, p. 1) and eoneLuding with eompounds of the GeRR'R"R'" type (Seetion 1.1.5,
p. 218). The subsequent Seetion (1.1.6, p. 234) eontains germaeyeLie eompounds in whieh an
R2Ge unit is a member of a earboeyeLie or heteroeyeLie ring system. Carbon-eentered radieaLs,
derived from GeR4 eompounds, are presented in Seetion 1.1.7, p.348, and are foLLowed by
Chapter 1.2, pp. 354/86, whieh deaLs with eompounds eontaining Low-eoordinate germanium
atoms as in germenes, germanium-eentered radieaLs, germyLenes, germanoeenes, and a few
ionie eompounds. The voLume eovers the Literature eompLeteLy to the end of 1987 and ineLudes
many referenees up to mid-1989.
The arrangement of the organogermanium eompounds within this series has been pre
sented in the prefaee for VoLume 1. However, it may be usefuL to repeat the foLLowing ex
pLanations eoneerning the Loeation of eompounds aeeording to the type of the R' Ligand. The
term "substituted aLkyL" stands for aLkyL Ligands eontaining nonearbon atoms and aLkyL Ligands
substituted by eyeLoaLkyL, aryL, and heteroeyeLie groups, for exampLe, CH2CsH5 and
CH2CH2CH2C5Hg-eyeLo, whieh are arranged as substituted methyL and substituted propyL,
respeetiveLy. In general, the longest earbon ehain beginning from the Ge atom determines
the Loeation of a eompound and is iLLustrated as foLLows:
(a) Ge(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH(CH3)CH3 derivative of Ge(CH3bC4Hg-n
(b) Ge(CH3bCH(CsH5)CH200CCH3 derivative of Ge(CH3bC2H5
(e) Ge(C2H5hCF2COCF3 derivative of Ge(C2H5bC3Hr n
(d) Ge(CSH5bCH2CH(OCH2CH=CH2)CH3 derivative of Ge(CSH5bC3H7-n
ExampLes (b) and (d) show that a group beyond a heteroatom (e.g., aLLyL on oxygen) does not
eount for the generaL Loeation of a eompound. Common branehed hydroearbon groups Like
i-C3H7 or t-C4Hg are speeifieaLLy identified.
These rules naturaLLy also appLy to eompounds with aLkenyL and aLkynyL Ligands. In generaL,
the arrangement is handLed somewhat fLexibLy and is adapted to the seope and kind of materiaL
to be deseribed. Additional expLanations are frequentLy given at the beginning of a seetion.
As a ruLe the nomeneLature reeommended by IUPAC has been foLLowed. But eompound
names are LargeLy avoided sinee many of the eompounds are only presented in tabLes and
identified by their formuLas. Mueh of their data in the tabLes oeeurs in abbreviated form without
units; generaL explanations are given on pp. XIXI.
The voLume eoneLudes with an empirieaL formuLa index (p. 387) and a Ligand formuLa index
(p.429).
The editor wishes to express his gratitude to Professor F. GLoekLing as the prineipaL author
of the three voLumes in the series. Thanks and appreeiation also to Professor J. Satge for
kind adviee and sympathetie eoLLaboration, to Dr. E. Hoekings for reading the EngLish text, and
to Mr. Hans-Georg Karrenberg for drawing the numerous formulas and moleeuLar struetures.
Frankfurt am Main ULrieh Krüerke
November 1989
